INTRODUCTION: Obesity and atrial fibrillation (AF) pose a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Reduction of body weight has been documented to reduce the risk of AF. Little is known about the effect of different weight-reducing interventions including bariatric surgery in obese individuals on the risk of arrhythmia recurrence following catheter ablation (CA) for AF, and about the pathophysiological mechanisms linking these two conditions. METHODS: The Effect of complex weigHt-reducing interventiOns on rhythm control in oBese subjects wITh Atrial Fibrillation (HOBIT-AF) is a single-blinded, parallel-group randomised controlled trial with 18-month follow-up to assess the effect of complex weight-reducing interventions supported by the use of smart technologies and bariatric surgery on the arrhythmia burden in obese individuals following CA for AF. One hundred and sixty individuals (age 18-70 years, body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) will be randomised in a 1:1 fashion to undergo a structured weight reduction programme and sleeve gastrectomy (when indicated and preferred by the patient) aiming to achieve greater than 10% weight reduction from baseline (intervention group) or standard post-ablation medical care (control group). Two-week continuous ECG monitoring will be used 3 and 18 months after CA to assess the arrhythmia burden. Other investigations will include transthoracic echocardiography with quantification of epicardial adipose tissue, and markers of low-grade inflammation and circulating adipokines. PLANNED OUTCOMES: The main objective is to assess the effect of complex weight-reducing interventions on the arrhythmia burden and quality of life. Subgroup analyses to identify patient subgroups preferentially benefiting from weight loss related to a decrease in arrhythmia burden will be performed. Exploratory objectives will include investigation of potential mechanisms linking weight reduction with amelioration of arrhythmia burden such as changes in markers of low-grade inflammation, circulating adipokines, cytokines, monocytes or reduction of epicardial adipose tissue volume. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04560387.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fibrilace síní * komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
• katetrizační ablace * MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• protokol klinické studie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Recurrent strokes are associated with higher mortality, greater disability, and increased healthcare costs compared with first-ever stroke. Lifestyle measures and drug treatment in secondary prevention decrease the risk of recurrence while improving the quality of life of patients. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors in stroke survivors and population controls. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 424 poststroke survivors (aged 66.0 ± 10.4 years) were examined 6-36 months after their first ischemic stroke. Controls of similar age and from the same geographic region were selected from the database of the Czech post-Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease Study. Hypertension was found to be the most prevalent risk factor affecting 91.5% of stroke survivors and 71.8% of controls. Use of antihypertensive drugs was reported in 79.5% of stroke survivors and 56.7% of controls. However, blood pressure lower than 140/90 mmHg was achieved in only 49.5% of hypertensive stroke survivors. More than 60% of stroke survivors used statins but low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lower than 2.5 mmol/l was achieved in only 47.4 and 37% of male and female poststroke survivors, respectively. About a third of poststroke patients continue to smoke, and obesity is a major problem, particularly in women (prevalence 47%), who also have a high prevalence of diabetes. CONCLUSION: We found a high prevalence and poor control of major cardiovascular risk factors in patients surviving their first-ever ischemic stroke, thus showing poor implementation of guidelines for secondary prevention in clinical practice.

• MeSH
• antihypertenziva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypertenze farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita epidemiologie   MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• přežívající statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sekundární prevence MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• statiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

ACCESSIBLE SUMMARY: Exposure to psychotic states has detrimental effects on the long-term outcome of schizophrenia and brain integrity. Therefore, improving relapse prevention is a key component of long-term management of schizophrenia. Previous studies using continuous monitoring of an individual's early signs of relapse and adopting preventative pharmacological interventions, when early signs are detected, showed promising clinical results in terms of relapse risk reduction. This 18-month multi-centre parallel randomized controlled, open label, trial with telemedicine relapse prevention programme ITAREPS failed to show superiority of maintenance plus prodrome-based targeted medication strategy over treatment as usual. The study, marked by low investigator's adherence, confirmed that absence of pharmacological intervention at early stage of prodrome, critically influenced the risk of relapse. This and previous randomized controlled trials with telemedicine programme ITAREPS suggested that substantial improvement in relapse prevention in schizophrenia is likely to be unattainable under current clinical settings. Future preventive strategies in schizophrenia would require rapid pharmacological intervention upon occurrence of subclinical prodromal symptoms that are undetectable under conventional outpatient practice. Studies with ITAREPS suggested that integration of telemedicine relapse prevention systems and visiting nurse service might together represent practical solution capable to address those requirements. ABSTRACT: The Information Technology Aided Relapse Prevention Programme in Schizophrenia (ITAREPS) presents a telemedicine solution for weekly monitoring and management of schizophrenia. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the programme in reducing the number of hospitalizations during the 18-month multi-centre parallel randomized controlled, open label, trial. Outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were randomized to the active (n = 74) or control group (n = 72). In the active arm, investigators increased the antipsychotic dose upon occurrence of prodrome announced by the system. Intention-to-treat analysis showed no between-group difference in the hospitalization-free survival rate [Kaplan-Meier method; hazard ratio (HR) = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56-2.61, P = 0.6). In a post hoc multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, out of 13 potential predictors, only ITAREPS-related variables (number of alerts without pharmacological intervention/HR = 1.38, P = 0.042/ and patient non-adherence with ITAREPS /HR = 1.08, P = 0.009/) increased the risk of hospitalization. In this trial ITAREPS was not effective. The results in context with previous ITAREPS studies suggest non-adherence of both psychiatrists and patients as the main reasons for the failure of this preventive strategy. Tertiary prevention in schizophrenia have to be regarded a major challenge, warranting the need for implementation of strategies with more active participation of both patient and treating psychiatrist.

• MeSH
• adherence pacienta * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychotické poruchy prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• schizofrenie prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• sekundární prevence metody   MeSH
• telemedicína metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Cíl: Posouzení efektivity biopsie sentinelové uzliny a na ní navazující terapie karcinomu prsu po implementaci metodiky do klinické praxe. Soubor a metodika: V průběhu let 2006-2010 bylo sledováno 94 pacientek s karcinomem prsu po biopsii sentinelové uzliny, průměrného věku 60,6 roku, 100 % ve stádiu do T2 v TNM klasifikaci (85 % T1, 10 % T2, 5 % TIS). Biopsie sentinelové uzliny byla provedena s periareolární aplikací radiofarmaka s většími koloidními částicemi. Pozitivní sentinelové lymfatické uzliny byly nalezeny u 27 % pacientek, z nichž se ve 23 % jednalo o mikrometastatické postižení nebo izolované tumorózní buňky. V případě pozitivity sentinelové uzliny byla indikována exenterace axily. U 79 % z celého souboru pacientek byla provedena radioterapie prsu a výběrově i axily. Následně byly pacientky léčeny podle standardního protokolu a sledovány v onkologické ambulanci Nemocnice Pelhřimov. Průměrná doba sledování byla v období vyhodnocování souboru 3,9 roku. Byly sledovány běžně používané parametry v hodnocení péče o onkologické pacienty. Výsledky: Lokoregionální rekurence byla 1 %, axilární rekurence 0 %, vzdálená rekurence 0 %, přežití bez nemoci dosaženo v 99 % a celkové přežití v 99 % případů. Závěr: Operace řízená výsledky biopsie sentinelové uzliny s periareolární aplikací radiofarmaka u pacientek s karcinomem prsu v kombinaci s radioterapií se jeví jako velmi efektivní, splňující požadavky na lokoregionální kontrolu nemoci a při uplatnění standardního léčebného protokolu zabezpečuje dobré celkové výsledky onkologicko-chirurgické léčby.

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• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• biopsie sentinelové lymfatické uzliny * metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lokální recidiva nádoru epidemiologie   MeSH
• lymfadenektomie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lymfatické metastázy patologie   MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny chirurgie   patologie   MeSH
• nádory prsu * mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• přežití bez známek nemoci MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• radiofarmaka * diagnostické užití   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic suppurative condition featuring inflammatory nodules, fistulas and scars. It occurs predominantly in the axillae and groin. The disease is poorly responsive to any treatment and is connected with significant morbidity. Systemic therapy, including oral antibiotics, retinoids and antiandrogens, usually has only limited effect. Surgical treatment of affected areas is necessary in advanced stages. OBJECTIVES: Several reports support the beneficial effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonists for the treatment of severe hidradenitis suppurativa. By contrast with data on infliximab and etanercept, data describing the potential positive influence of adalimumab on disease outcome are limited and refer to only small cohorts of patients. METHODS: Eight patients with severe, recalcitrant hidradenitis were treated for 1 year with adalimumab in a standard regimen and were subsequently followed for 1 year. RESULTS: All patients improved within 4-6 weeks and laboratory parameters of C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte count reduced significantly during treatment. Three patients demonstrated long-lasting improvement and five showed recurrences several months after discontinuation of the therapy. The average recurrence-free interval was 9.5 months. CONCLUSIONS: Adalimumab is suitable for the long-term treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa and presents a further conservative treatment approach.

• MeSH
• antiflogistika aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hidradenitis suppurativa farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• kouření MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• obezita MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• TNF-alfa antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Previous cross-sectional surveys in different European countries within the EUROASPIRE programme demonstrated a high prevalence of modifiable risk factors, unhealthy lifestyles and inadequate drug treatment in coronary heart disease patients. Comparable data for ischaemic stroke patients is lacking. METHODS: A stroke-specific study module was added to the EUROASPIRE III core survey. This cross-sectional multicentre survey included consecutive patients with first-ever ischaemic stroke from four European countries. Data were obtained from medical records, patient interviews and patient examinations within 6-36 months after the stroke event. Control of modifiable risk factors after stroke was evaluated against contemporary European guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 881 patients was recruited. Median age was 66 years, 37.5% were female; average time from the stroke event to interview was 550 days. At the time of the interview, 17.6% of stroke patients smoked cigarettes, 35.5% had a body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2), 62.4% showed elevated blood pressure and 75.7% exhibited elevated LDL cholesterol levels. Antiplatelet drugs or oral anticoagulants were used by 87.2%, antihypertensive medication by 84.4% and statins by 56.8% of stroke patients. Among patients using antihypertensive drugs and lipid-lowering medication at the time of the interview, 34.3% and 34.4%, respectively, achieved target blood pressure and total cholesterol values according to current European guidelines. CONCLUSION: The EUROASPIRE III stroke-specific module shows that secondary prevention and risk factor control in patients after ischaemic stroke need to be improved in four European centres at the time of the study since about half of patients are not achieving risk factor targets defined in European guidelines.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• chování snižující riziko MeSH
• dodržování směrnic MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• ischemie mozku diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• kouření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odvykání kouření MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• prevence kouření MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• průzkumy zdravotní péče MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sekundární prevence metody   normy   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• statiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND: Angina might persist or reoccur despite successful revascularisation with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and antianginal therapy. Additionally, PCI in stable patients has not been shown to improve survival compared with optimal medical therapy. Trimetazidine is an antianginal agent that improves energy metabolism of the ischaemic myocardium and might improve outcomes and symptoms of patients who recently had a PCI. In this study, we aimed to assess the long-term potential benefits and safety of trimetazidine added to standard evidence-based medical treatment in patients who had a recent successful PCI. METHODS: We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, event-driven trial of trimetazidine added to standard background therapy in patients who had undergone successful PCI at 365 centres in 27 countries across Europe, South America, Asia, and north Africa. Eligible patients were aged 21-85 years and had had either elective PCI for stable angina or urgent PCI for unstable angina or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction less than 30 days before randomisation. Patients were randomly assigned by an interactive web response system to oral trimetazidine 35 mg modified-release twice daily or matching placebo. Participants, study investigators, and all study staff were masked to treatment allocation. The primary efficacy endpoint was a composite of cardiac death; hospital admission for a cardiac event; recurrence or persistence of angina requiring an addition, switch, or increase of the dose of at least one antianginal drug; or recurrence or persistence of angina requiring a coronary angiography. Efficacy analyses were done according to the intention-to-treat principle. Safety was assessed in all patients who had at least one dose of study drug. This study is registered with the EU Clinical Trials Register (EudraCT 2010-022134-89). FINDINGS: From Sept 17, 2014, to June 15, 2016, 6007 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either trimetazidine (n=2998) or placebo (n=3009). After a median follow-up of 47·5 months (IQR 42·3-53·3), incidence of primary endpoint events was not significantly different between the trimetazidine group (700 [23·3%] patients) and the placebo group (714 [23·7%]; hazard ratio 0·98 [95% CI 0·88-1·09], p=0·73). When analysed individually, there were no significant differences in the incidence of the components of the primary endpoint between the treatment groups. Similar results were obtained when patients were categorised according to whether they had an elective or urgent PCI. 1219 (40·9%) of 2983 patients in the trimetazidine group and 1230 (41·1%) of 2990 patients in the placebo group had serious treatment-emergent adverse events. Frequencies of adverse events of interest were similar between the groups. INTERPRETATION: Our results show that the routine use of oral trimetazidine 35 mg twice daily over several years in patients receiving optimal medical therapy, after successful PCI, does not influence the recurrence of angina or the outcome; these findings should be taken into account when considering the place of trimetazidine in clinical practice. However, the long-term prescription of this treatment does not appear to be associated with any statistically significant safety concerns in the population studied. FUNDING: Servier.

• MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• bezpečnost MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• infarkt myokardu bez ST elevací terapie   MeSH
• koronární angiografie metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• koronární angioplastika metody   trendy   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nestabilní angina pectoris terapie   MeSH
• placebo aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• smrt MeSH
• stabilní angina pectoris terapie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• trimetazidin aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vazodilatancia aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Asie MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Jižní Amerika MeSH
• severní Afrika MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate five polymorphisms in the SLC6A4 gene in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and healthy controls. DESIGN: Totally, 239 subjects were enrolled in this case-control study: 86 patients with RAS and 153 healthy individuals were genotyped for serotonin transporter length polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism, variable number tandem repeat (STin2) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs25531, rs3813034, rs1042173) in the SLC6A4 gene by polymerase chain reaction with/without restriction analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences in the allele or genotype frequencies in all studied polymorphisms between RAS patients and healthy controls (P > 0.05) were detected. However, the haplotype analysis detected a higher frequency of LA12 (HTTLPR, rs25531, STin2) haplotype in RAS patients in comparison with healthy controls (P < 0.05, OR = 1.63, 95 % CI = 1.07-2.49). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates a possible relationship between SLC6A4 and susceptibility to RAS in the Czech population.

• MeSH
• aftózní stomatitida * genetika   MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové transportní proteiny pro serotonin * genetika   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (AORRP), but AORPP prevalence is much lower than HPV prevalence. Thus, HPV infection is necessary, but not sufficient, to cause AORRP and other factors likely contribute to its pathogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate whether co-infection with herpetic viruses may contribute to the pathogenesis of AORRP. DESIGN: Prospective case-control study conducted from January 2018 to November 2019. SETTINGS: Tertiary referral centre. PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen consecutive patients with AORRP and 18 adults with healthy laryngeal mucosa (control group) undergoing surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2, human herpesvirus 6, varicella zoster virus and HPV (including genotyping) were detected in biopsies of papilloma or healthy mucosa using real-time polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot. Dysplasia and Ki67 levels were determined in papilloma specimens. RESULTS: EBV was present in 6 (33.3%) AORRP patients and no control patients (P = .019). Presence was not dependent on tobacco exposure (P = .413) or HPV genotype or concentration (P > .999). EBV presence was strongly related to increased cell proliferation (P = .005) and number of previous surgeries (P = .039), but not dysplasia (P > .999). Human herpesvirus 6 was found in 3 (16.7%) AORRP biopsies, with one false positive. No other herpetic virus was found. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike other herpetic viruses, EBV seems to interact with HPV, enhancing cell proliferation and contributing to the pathogenesis and progression of AORRP. Further research is required to elucidate specific interactions and their role in the pathogenesis of AORRP.

• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• infekce dýchací soustavy virologie   MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem virologie   MeSH
• laryngoskopie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

It is unknown whether the currently known risk factors of multiple sclerosis reflect the etiology of progressive-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) as observational studies rarely included analysis by type of onset. We designed a case-control study to examine associations between environmental factors and POMS and compared effect sizes to relapse-onset MS (ROMS), which will offer insights into the etiology of POMS and potentially contribute to prevention and intervention practice. This study utilizes data from the Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) Study and the Australian Multi-center Study of Environment and Immune Function (the AusImmune Study). This report outlines the conduct of the PPMS Study, whether the POMS sample is representative, and the planned analysis methods. The study includes 155 POMS, 204 ROMS, and 558 controls. The distributions of the POMS were largely similar to Australian POMS patients in the MSBase Study, with 54.8% female, 85.8% POMS born before 1970, mean age of onset of 41.44 ± 8.38 years old, and 67.1% living between 28.9 and 39.4° S. The POMS were representative of the Australian POMS population. There are some differences between POMS and ROMS/controls (mean age at interview: POMS 55 years vs. controls 40 years; sex: POMS 53% female vs. controls 78% female; location of residence: 14.3% of POMS at a latitude ≤ 28.9°S vs. 32.8% in controls), which will be taken into account in the analysis. We discuss the methodological issues considered in the study design, including prevalence-incidence bias, cohort effects, interview bias and recall bias, and present strategies to account for it. Associations between exposures of interest and POMS/ROMS will be presented in subsequent publications.

• MeSH
• chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza * epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Austrálie MeSH