OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: The 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a widely-used screening measure for postnatal depression. Factor analysis studies have suggested an embedded sub-scale could be used for screening for anxiety disorders. The current investigation sought to replicate and extend a recent study supporting this assertion. METHODS: A cross-sectional design. EPDS data were collected at up to two years postpartum. Confirmatory factor analysis, correlational and distributional characteristics of the measure were examined. Participants were a large sample (N = 985) of postpartum women in the Czech Republic. RESULTS: Factor structure findings substantially replicated the models evaluated by Della Vedova et al. (2022). Bifactor models, however, offered a better fit to data. A general factor of depression explained most of the variance in data in most models compared to embedded sub-scales across models. CONCLUSION: The model proposed by Della Vedova et al. (2022) offered an excellent fit to data. However, the findings from the bifactor modelling suggest the dominance of a general factor of depression which indicates the potential application of an embedded anxiety sub-scale for screening may be overstated.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• poporodní deprese * diagnóza   psychologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• psychiatrické posuzovací škály * normy   MeSH
• psychometrie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for persons with dementia (PwD) have yielded mixed results, possibly attributable to the fact that little is known about the validity and reliability of trait mindfulness self-report measures in PwD. This narrative review sought to identify studies involving self-reported trait mindfulness and other clinical measures that may hold information on the convergent validity and reliability of these measures in PwD. METHODS: Scientific databases were searched for studies involving PwD and mindfulness assessments. RESULTS: N = 426 studies from PubMed and N = 156 from PsychInfo databases were reviewed. Four cross-sectional studies were identified that allowed inferences about the validity of mindfulness measures. A qualitative review indicated that convergent validity with other measures varied with sample heterogeneity and cognitive impairment. Merely one MBI included self-reported trait mindfulness, however without reporting sample-specific validity or reliability. CONCLUSIONS: Despite efforts to implement MBIs in PwD, information on basic methodological psychometric issues is minimal. Future studies ought to address the validity and reliability of self-reported mindfulness in detail across different stages of dementia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Results of MBIs need to be considered cautiously. Basic information about psychometric properties of mindfulness self-report measures is required and these measures need to be included systematically in MBIs.

• MeSH
• demence * psychologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychometrie metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• všímavost * metody   MeSH
• zpráva o sobě * normy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between longitudinal changes in the uterine Doppler velocimetry and the maternal profile of angiogenic factors in the third trimester and to assess their ability to predict term preeclampsia (PE). METHODS: A cohort of low-risk pregnant women was scheduled for a uterine Doppler evaluation and measurement of the circulating levels of angiogenic factors at ∼30 and ∼36 weeks. The performance of both parameters and their change over time in predicting term PE was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 1,191 women were analyzed, of which 28 (2.4%) women developed term PE. At ∼30 weeks, a model including the sFlt-1/PlGF (fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor) ratio and the uterine Doppler explained 16.2% of the uncertainty of developing term PE, while at ∼36 weeks, the same variables explained 25.2% [p < 0.001]. The longitudinal changes of both predictors had an R2 of 26.8%, which was not different from that of the ∼36 weeks evaluation [p = 0.45]. The area under the curve (AUC) of the ∼36 weeks ratio was significantly higher than at ∼30 weeks (0.86 [0.77-0.94] vs. 0.81 [0.73-0.9]; p = 0.043). The AUC of the longitudinal change of the ratio (0.85 [0.77-0.94]) did not differ from that of at ∼36 weeks (p = 0.82). At ∼36 weeks, for a 10% of false positives, the ratio had a detection rate of 71.4%. CONCLUSION: A cross-sectional measurement of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio outperforms uterine Doppler in predicting term PE. The combination of both markers does not improve such prediction, nor the evaluation of the longitudinal changes between weeks.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• placentární oběh fyziologie   MeSH
• placentární růstový faktor * krev   MeSH
• plocha pod křivkou MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• preeklampsie * krev   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• receptor 1 pro vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor * krev   MeSH
• reologie * metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rychlost toku krve fyziologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• třetí trimestr těhotenství * krev   fyziologie   MeSH
• ultrasonografie dopplerovská metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ultrasonografie prenatální * metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Mucosal visualization during upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy can be impaired by the presence of foam, bubbles, and mucus. Some UGI endoscopy visibility scales have been proposed but have not undergone multicenter validation. This study aimed to develop and validate the Gastroscopy RAte of Cleanliness Evaluation (GRACE) scale. METHODS: A multicenter, international, cross-sectional study was conducted. The GRACE scale is based on a score from 0 (worst) to 3 (excellent) for esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, for a total ranging from 0 to 9. In phase 1, four expert endoscopists evaluated 60 images twice, with a 2-week interval between rounds; in phase 2, the same 60 images were scored twice by one expert and one nonexpert endoscopist from 27 endoscopy departments worldwide. For reproducibility assessment and real-time validation, the scale was applied to consecutive patients undergoing gastroscopy at each center. RESULTS: On internal validation, interobserver agreement was 0.81 (95 %CI 0.73-0.87) and 0.80 (95 %CI 0.72-0.86), with reliability of 0.73 (95 %CI 0.63-0.82) and 0.72 (95 %CI 0.63-0.81), in the two rounds, respectively. On external validation, overall interobserver agreement was 0.85 (95 %CI 0.82-0.88) and reliability was 0.79 (95 %CI 0.73-0.84). In real-time evaluation, the overall proportion of correct classifications was 0.80 (95 %CI 0.77-0.82). CONCLUSIONS: The GRACE scale showed good interobserver agreement, reliability, and validity. The widespread use of this scale could enhance quality and standardize the assessment of mucosal cleanliness during UGI endoscopy, pushing endoscopists to strive for excellent visibility and reducing the risk of missed lesions.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duodenum MeSH
• gastroskopie * metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odchylka pozorovatele * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• žaludeční sliznice MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• validační studie MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with bidirectional changes in resting-state centrality measures. However, practicable functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) biomarkers of CI are still lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the graph-theory-based degree rank order disruption index (kD) and its association with cognitive processing speed as a marker of CI in patients with MS (PwMS) in a secondary cross-sectional fMRI analysis. METHODS: Differentiation between PwMS and healthy controls (HCs) using kD and its correlation with CI (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) was compared to established imaging biomarkers (regional degree, volumetry, diffusion-weighted imaging, lesion mapping). Additional associations were assessed for fatigue (Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions), gait and global disability. RESULTS: Analysis in 56 PwMS and 58 HCs (35/27 women, median age 45.1/40.5 years) showed lower kD in PwMS than in HCs (median -0.30/-0.06, interquartile range 0.55/0.54; p = 0.009, Mann-Whitney U test), yielding acceptable yet non-superior differentiation (area under curve 0.64). kD and degree in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) correlated with CI (kD/MPFC Spearman's ρ = 0.32/-0.45, p = 0.019/0.001, n = 55). kD also explained fatigue (ρ = -0.34, p = 0.010, n = 56) but neither gait nor disability. CONCLUSIONS: kD is a potential biomarker of CI and fatigue warranting further validation.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce etiologie   patofyziologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• rychlost zpracování MeSH
• únava * patofyziologie   etiologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Adolescents' movement behaviours (MB) vary between schooldays and weekends, potentially impacting health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and well-being. This study aimed to identify transitions between 24-h MB profiles on schooldays and weekends and examine their associations with HRQoL and well-being. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 1070 Czech adolescents (average age: 13.8 years and standard deviation: 2.2 years; 56% girls). Participants wore accelerometers for 7 consecutive days to assess physical activity (PA) of different intensities, sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep. A subsample of 451 participants provided data on HRQoL, which was measured using the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and 484 provided valid well-being data measured with the 5-item World Health Organisation Well-Being Index. Latent transition analysis was used on the MB variables to identify transitions across MB profiles, and linear regression was used to examine associations between transitions and HRQoL or well-being. RESULTS: Four MB profiles were identified: Excellent (high PA, low SB and high sleep duration), Good (average MB values), Fair (below-average PA and sleep, above-average SB) and Poor (low PA and sleep, high SB). Most adolescents transitioned to less favourable profiles on weekends. Those remaining in the Excellent profile had higher HRQoL than those transitioning to less favourable profiles. Transitions to the Poor profile were associated with the lowest HRQoL and well-being scores. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the dynamic nature of adolescents' MB and the importance of consistent, healthy routines. Interventions optimizing 24-h MB throughout the week and especially on weekends may enhance adolescent HRQoL and well-being, but further evidence from longitudinal and intervention studies is needed. SUMMARY: We observed a contrast in 24-h MB between schooldays and weekends: 29.7% of adolescents were in the Excellent on schooldays, but only 5.8% did so on weekends, while the prevalence of the Poor profile rose from 1.6% on schooldays to 27.7% on weekends. Adolescents who maintained the Excellent profile across the whole week recorded the highest scores for HRQoL and well-being. Moving into the Poor profile on weekend was associated with about 9 points poorer HRQoL and 14 points lower well-being, compared with peers who remained in the Excellent profile. Behaviour change strategies should target the entire week to preserve PA, reduce SB and protect sleep.

• MeSH
• akcelerometrie MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chování mladistvých * psychologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• cvičení * psychologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• kvalita života * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• sedavý životní styl MeSH
• spánek fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Conflict deeply affects human experiences, frequently testing individual resilience to its breaking point and leaving enduring psychological and societal wounds. The current conflict in Ukraine, initiated by Russia's invasion in 2022, illustrates this phenomenon by altering regional relationships and triggering a major humanitarian crisis marked by extensive displacement, loss of life, and emotional turmoil. This study explores the factors influencing hope and distress in Ukraine alongside six nearby European countries during the ongoing conflict. A cross-sectional survey collected data primarily via internet panel samples from the Czech Republic, Georgia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, and Ukraine in the second year since the war's initiation. The current study utilised validated instruments, collecting data on levels of hope, distress, individual resilience, community resilience, societal resilience, morale, sense of danger, perceived security threats, and demographic characteristics. Hope and distress levels differ across countries, with Ukraine exhibiting the highest levels of both (3.74 ± 1.02 and 2.89 ± 0.87, respectively). Overall, average scores of hope were higher than average distress levels. Across the regression models for the seven countries, hope showed strong associations with individual (between β = 0.089 and β = 0.327) and societal resilience (between β = 0.206 and β = 0.514), while morale (between β = -0.104 and β = -0.479) and individual resilience (between β = -0.077 and β = -0.335) displayed a protective relationship against distress (all β values were significant, p < 0.01). Monitoring hope and distress is crucial during the Russian-Ukrainian war and other adversities, as these factors give insight into the current and future psychological states of affected populations. The results offer valuable information that can guide the development of tailored strategies to enhance hope and buffer distress in war-impacted countries, as well as those experiencing its broader effects. Fostering individual and societal resilience, alongside enhancing morale, may strengthen hope and mitigate distress amid adversity. Developing targeted interventions that address each population's unique needs, as well as their sociocultural and geopolitical contexts can enhance efficacy.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• naděje * MeSH
• ozbrojené konflikty * psychologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• psychická odolnost * MeSH
• psychický distres * MeSH
• psychický stres * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Rusko MeSH
• Ukrajina MeSH

Background: Malnutrition is a lack of proper nutrition associated with different chronic diseases, comorbidities, frailty, and a higher prevalence of morbidity and mortality. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the most appropriate items that reflect nutrition status in this population group and incorporate them into the nutrition risk screening and malnutrition assessment tool. Methods: A cross-sectional validation study was conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina among 300 individuals older than 65 years. An eight-step approach that included correspondence analysis, generation of the pool item, content validity, internal consistency, construct validity, criterion validity, face validity, and reliability was performed. Results: Correspondence analyses were performed using the contingency table's low-dimensional graphical representation of the rows and columns. After identifying nutrition status assessment-related topics via correspondence analyses, a literature review was performed to determine additional items. The assessment tool's accuracy was measured against clinical judgement as a reference standard. To test face validity of the tool, cognitive interviewing was used. Responses were analyzed and necessary changes were made. The final version of the tool included 14 items. Possible range score on the assessment tool was 0-21. Lower scores indicated nutrition risk. The screening and assessment tool showed acceptable validity and internal consistency.

• MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• hodnocení stavu výživy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční stav MeSH
• podvýživa prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• senioři * MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři * MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Bosna a Hercegovina MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Medical students experience worse psychological well-being than the general population. Social determinants of health (SDOH) relate to conditions in which people live, work, and age and significantly influence mental health. This study examines the association between depressive symptoms and SDOH in medical students from four countries: Czechia, Iran, Kenya, and Venezuela. METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in the spring of 2022. The questionnaire focused on depressive symptoms (using a validated psychiatric scale DASS-21 to assess mental health) and various SDOHs. RESULTS: A total of 2,033 medical students participated in the survey, with a median age of 23.0 years; 64.8% were females; 60.8% of respondents had some degree of depressive symptoms (mild-to-moderate 32.5%, severe-to-extremely severe 28.3%). Several SDOHs, such as low engagement in social life, low personal funds, and low social class, were strongly associated with severe-to-extremely severe depressive symptoms (p < 0.001), and the associations differed among countries. The prevalence of severe-to-extremely severe depressive symptoms varied significantly across the four countries, with Iran having the highest prevalence (OR = 2.1 compared to Czechia), followed by Czechia (OR = 1, reference value), Kenya (OR = 0.9), and Venezuela (OR = 0.6). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the high prevalence of depressive symptoms among medical students from four global regions and the significant association with specific SDOH. Notably, the variation in prevalence across countries and differential relationships with SDOH underscore the importance of considering transcultural factors in research and management to improve mental health among medical students.

• MeSH
• deprese * epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociální determinanty zdraví * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• studenti lékařství * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Írán MeSH
• Keňa MeSH
• Venezuela MeSH

Construct: The Knowledge of Malnutrition - Geriatric 2.0' (KoM-G 2.0) instrument was designed to quantify nursing staff malnutrition knowledge in inpatient medical and rehabilitation care facilities, as well as home health care. It has been used to assess grasp of current clinical practice guidelines and proficiency in addressing issues related to malnutrition. It provides insight into familiarity with and capacity to tackle issues pertaining to malnutrition in clinical practice. Furthermore, it has been used assess the effectiveness of educational interventions aimed at improving nursing professionals knowledge and awareness of malnutrition. Background: The quality of nursing education affects malnutrition risk assessment, monitoring of food intake, and effectiveness of nutrition care. Improvements in malnutrition education require determining the current level of knowledge and benchmarking with other countries. In the Czech Republic, no nationwide assessment of nursing staff malnutrition knowledge has ever been conducted. Approach: The purpose of the study was to translate the KoM-G 2.0 instrument, gather initial validity evidence, and evaluate nursing staff knowledge of malnutrition in inpatient medical, rehabilitation care facilities, and home care in the Czech Republic. All inpatient healthcare facilities and home healthcare facilities in the Czech Republic were invited to participate. The Czech version of the internationally standardized KoM-G 2.0 (KoM-G 2.0 CZ) was used to assess nursing staff malnutrition knowledge between 3 February 2021 and 31 May 2021. A total of 728 nurses began the questionnaire, and 465 (63.9%) of respondents completed it and were included in the study. Data analyses examined instrument difficulty, discriminability, and reliability, as well as sources of variation in knowledge scores. Findings: The psychometric characteristics of the KoM-G 2.0 CZ instrument included the difficulty index Q (0.61), the discriminant index (ULI 0.29, RIT 0.38, upper-lower 30% 0.67), and Cronbach alpha (0.619). The overall mean of correct answers was 6.24 (SD 2.8). There was a significant impact of educational attainment and nutrition training on KoM-G 2.0 CZ scores. Conclusions: Our findings provide initial validity evidence that KoM-G 2.0 CZ is useful and appropriate for assessing malnutrition knowledge among Czech nursing staff. Our research identified gaps in knowledge and examples of good practice in understanding malnutrition that can be applied internationally. The knowledge of academic nurses was greater; therefore, we suggest they play a key role in nutritional care. We recommend continuous education to improve understanding of malnutrition in this setting.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• klinické kompetence normy   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• personál sesterský výchova   MeSH
• podvýživa * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychometrie * MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH