Cieľ. Štúdia sa zaoberá analýzou tvárových výrazov vyvolaných súcitným podnetom v podobe krátkeho videa. Výskumný súbor a nastavenie. Výskumný súbor tvorilo 151 respondentov vo veku od 18 do 59 (M = 25,17; SD = 7,81), vybraných dostupným výberom. Respondenti si doma, v kontexte redukovanej sociálnej žiadúcnosti, pozreli súcitný video podnet a ich tváre boli počas pozerania nahrávané online, prostredníctvom webkamery. Výskumné otázky. Cieľom štúdie je popísať spontánny tvárový výraz súcitu vyvolaný súcitným videom prostredníctvom zmien v tvárovej muskulárnej aktivite – akčných jednotiek. Cieľom bolo tiež zistiť, ktoré primárne emócie (hnev, znechutenie, strach, radosť, smútok a prekvapenie) sú najviac zapájané v tvárovom výraze respondentov počas pozerania najsúcitnejšieho momentu videa v porovnaní s neutrálnym momentom. Štatistická analýza. Na štatistickú analýzu bol použitý štatistický softvér SPSS, verzia 20.0 a program R. Tvárové výrazy boli analyzované manuálne pomocou metódy Facial Action Coding System (FACS) štyrmi certifikovanými kódermi a tiež automaticky pomocou softvéru Emotion ID. Výsledky. Analýzy tvárových výrazov kódermi preukázala, že akčné jednotky 7 (sťahovač viečka), 12 (vyťahovač kútikov pier), 43 (zatváranie očí) a 56 (hlava naklonená doprava) sa objavovali signifikantne častejšie v najviac súcitnom momente videa v porovnaní s neutrálnym momentom. Analýza tvárových výrazov prostredníctvom softvéru Emotion ID preukázala signifikantne vyššiu pravdepodobnosť výskytu hnevu a smútku v najsúcitnejšom momente oproti neutrálnemu momentu. Výsledky FACS kódovania poukazujú na to, že súcitný tvárový výraz je spojený s určitým druhom „falošného“ úsmevu, mierne poklesnutými hornými viečkami, napnutými spodnými viečkami a hlavou naklonenou doprava. Limity. Hlavnými limitmi štúdie sú relatívne malý výskumný súbor v rámci jednej kultúry, a tiež dostupný výber respondentov. Taktiež sociálny kontext súcitu nebol zobraný do úvahy kvôli situácii navodenej video podnetom.

Objectives. The study focuses on the analysis of facial expressions elicited by a compassionate video stimulus. Sample and setting. There was a convenient sample of 151 respondents aged from 18 to 59 years old (M= 25.17; SD = 7.81). Respondents watched a compassionate video stimulus and their faces were recorded through webcams online at home in the context of reduced social desirability. Research questions. The goal of the study was to describe the spontaneous facial expression of compassion elicited by the compassionate video through changes in the facial muscular activity – action units. Additionally, next aim was to explore which basic emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) are the most involved in facial expression of participants while watching the most compassionate moment of the video compared to the baseline. Statistical analysis. The authors analyzed facial expressions simultaneously by the manual method the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) by four certified coders as well as automatically by Emotion ID software. Results. Analysis of facial expressions by coders demonstrated that action units 7 (lid tightener), 12 (lip corner puller), 43 (eyes closed) and 56 (head tilt right) appeared significantly more frequently in the most compassionate moment compared to the baseline moment. Analysis of facial expressions by Emotion ID software demonstrated that there was a significantly higher probability of appearance of anger and sadness in the most compassionate moment than in the baseline moment. In addition, the results of the study show that a compassionate facial expression is associated with some kind of “false” smile, mildly lowered upper eyelids, contracted lower eyelids and head tilted to the right as coded by FACS. Study limitation. The main limitations of the study are that research was conducted on a relatively small and not representative sample from one culture and also the social context of compassion was missing.

• MeSH
• behaviorální výzkum MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• empatie * MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obličejové svaly MeSH
• rozpoznání obličeje MeSH
• sběr dat MeSH
• software MeSH
• videozáznam MeSH
• výraz obličeje * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH

We examined whether recognition of facial emotional expression would be affected in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). A total of 50 elderly persons met the initial inclusion criteria; 10 were subsequently excluded (Geriatric Depression Score > 5). 22 subjects were classified with aMCI based on published criteria (single domain aMCI [SD-aMCI], n = 10; multiple domain aMCI [MD-aMCI], n = 12); 18 subjects were cognitively normal. All underwent standard neurological and neuropsychological evaluations as well as tests of facial emotion recognition (FER) and famous faces identification (FFI). Among normal controls, FFI was negatively correlated with Mini-Mental Status Examination scores and positively correlated with executive function. Among patients with aMCI, FER was correlated with attention/speed of processing. No other correlations were significant. In a multinomial logistic regression model adjusted for age, gender, and education, a poorer score on FER, but not on FFI, was associated with greater odds of being classified as MD-aMCI (odds ratio [OR], 3.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-13.91; p = 0.042). This association was not explained by memory or global cognitive score. There was no association between FER or FFI and SD-aMCI (OR, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.36-3.57; p = 0.836). Therefore, FER, but not FFI, may be impaired in MD-aMCI. This implies that in MD-aMCI, the tasks of FER and FFI may involve segregated neurocognitive networks.

• MeSH
• amnézie epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• emoce * fyziologie   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) * fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• světelná stimulace metody   MeSH
• výraz obličeje * MeSH
• významné osobnosti * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

We investigated neural correlates of Emotion Recognition Accuracy (ERA) using the Assessment of Contextualized Emotions (ACE). ACE infuses context by presenting emotion expressions in a naturalistic group setting and distinguishes between accurately perceiving intended emotions (signal), and bias due to perceiving additional, secondary emotions (noise). This social perception process is argued to induce perspective taking in addition to pattern matching in ERA. Thirty participants were presented with an fMRI-compatible adaptation of the ACE consisting of blocks of neutral and emotional faces in single and group-embedded settings. Participants rated the central character's expressions categorically or using scalar scales in consequent fMRI scans. Distinct brain activations were associated with the perception of emotional vs. neutral faces in the four conditions. Moreover, accuracy and bias scores from the original ACE task performed on another day were associated with brain activation during the scalar (vs. categorical) condition for emotional (vs. neutral) faces embedded in group. These findings suggest distinct cognitive mechanisms linked to each type of emotional rating and highlight the importance of considering cognitive bias in the assessment of social emotion perception.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
• mapování mozku * MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek * fyziologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• rozpoznání obličeje fyziologie   MeSH
• sociální percepce * MeSH
• světelná stimulace metody   MeSH
• výraz obličeje * MeSH
• zkreslení výsledků (epidemiologie) MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Úvod: Poruchy chování u pacientů s rozvinutou Alzheimerovou chorobou (ACH) byly popsány v řadě studií. U pacientů s mírnou kognitivní poruchou (MCI) je nejčastěji pozorovanou neuropsychiatrickou poruchou deprese, jejíž přítomnost zvyšuje riziko konverze MCI do demence. Pro vznik neuropsychiatrických poruch je důležitý limbický a fronto-subkortikální okruh mozku. Struktury zapojené v těchto okruzích se rovněž podílejí na zpracování emocí. Cíl studie: Zjistit, zda pacienti s MCI mají poruchu rozeznávání emocí, zda jsou depresivnější než kontrolní skupina a zda existuje vztah mezi poškozením rozeznávání emocí z výrazu tváře a mírou depresivity u těchto pacientů. Metodika: Třicet čtyři pacientů s MCI a 23 kontrol bylo vyšetřeno standardní neuropsychologickou baterií (zaměřenou na paměť, exekutivní, vizuo­spaciální a jazykové funkce), geriatrickou škálou deprese a Facial Emotion Recognition testem k rozeznání emoční agnózie (testované emoce: radost, hněv, strach, smutek, znechucení a údiv). Výsledky: Pacienti s MCI hůře rozeznávali emoce z výrazu tváře v porovnání s kontrolní skupinou (p < 0,05) a zároveň tato skupina byla signifikantně depresivnější než kontroly (p < 0,05). Mezi výsledkem v rozeznávání emocí jako celku a mírou depresivity korelace nalezena nebyla (r = 0,15; p = 0,28). Při rozboru jednotlivých emocí však deprese negativně korelovala s rozeznáváním radosti (r = –0,32; p < 0,05). Závěr: Pacienti s MCI mají poruchu rozeznávání emocí z výrazu tváře a jsou depresivnější než kontroly. Úroveň deprese měla vliv pouze na rozeznávání radosti. Klíčová slova: míra depresivity – výraz tváře – rozeznávání emocí – mírná kognitivní porucha – Alzheimerova choroba

Objective: Neuropsychiatric disorders are frequent in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as indicated by cross-sectional studies. Depression is the most frequent disorder in MCI patients and its presence increases the risk of conversion into Alzheimer's disease. Two systems are responsible for neuropsychiatric disorders: the limbic system and fronto-subcortical connections. The structures involved in these systems are also responsible for emotion processing. Aim: The aim of the study was to establish whether MCI patients have a deficit in emotion recognition and whether they have more severe depression than a control group and to assess the relationship between severity of depression and the ability to recognize emotions from facial expression. Patients and methods: The study included 34 MCI patients and 23 controls. All subjects underwent routine neuropsychological testing (focused on memory, attention and speed of processing, executive, visuospatial and language functions). Emotional agnosia was examined by Facial Emotion Recognition Test and depression was assessed by geriatric depression scale. Results: MCI group performed worse than controls on recognition of facial emotions (p < 0.05), and this group was also significantly more depressive than controls (p < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between severity of depression and total emotion recognition (r = 0.15, p = 0.28). Severity of depression correlated with inability to recognize happiness (p < 0.05, r = –0.32). Conclusion: The ability to recognize emotions from facial expression is impaired in MCI patients and severity of depression contributes to inability of MCI patients to recognize happiness. Key words: depression – facial expression – recognition of emotions – mild cognitive impairment – Alzheimer disease The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manu­script met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.

• MeSH
• amygdala MeSH
• deprese MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy * MeSH
• obličej MeSH
• radost MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) * MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• výběr pacientů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

There is a large body of evidence that exposure to simulated natural scenes has positive effects on emotions and reduces stress. Some studies have used self-reported assessments, and others have used physiological measures or combined self-reports with physiological measures; however, analysis of facial emotional expression has rarely been assessed. In the present study, participant facial expressions were analyzed while viewing forest trees with foliage, forest trees without foliage, and urban images by iMotions' AFFDEX software designed for the recognition of facial emotions. It was assumed that natural images would evoke a higher magnitude of positive emotions in facial expressions and a lower magnitude of negative emotions than urban images. However, the results showed only very low magnitudes of facial emotional responses, and differences between natural and urban images were not significant. While the stimuli used in the present study represented an ordinary deciduous forest and urban streets, differences between the effects of mundane and attractive natural scenes and urban images are discussed. It is suggested that more attractive images could result in more pronounced emotional facial expressions. The findings of the present study have methodological relevance for future research. Moreover, not all urban dwellers have the possibility to spend time in nature; therefore, knowing more about the effects of some forms of simulated natural scenes surrogate nature also has some practical relevance.

• MeSH
• emoce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obličej MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) MeSH
• software MeSH
• výraz obličeje * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Human migration is an increasingly common phenomenon and migrants are at risk of disadvantageous treatment. We reasoned that migrants may receive differential treatment by locals based on the closeness of their facial features to the host average. Residents of Türkiye, the country with the largest number of refugees currently, served as participants. Because many of these refugees are of Arabic origin, we created target facial stimuli varying along the axis connecting Turkish and Arabic morphological prototypes (excluding skin colour) computed using geometric morphometrics and available databases. Participants made judgements of two universal dimensions of social perception-warmth and competence-on these faces. We predicted that participants judging faces manipulated towards the Turkish average would provide higher warmth and competence ratings compared to judging the same faces manipulated towards the Arabic average. Bayesian statistical tools were employed to estimate parameter values in multilevel models with intercorrelated varying effects. The findings did not support the prediction and revealed raters (as well as target faces) to be an important source of variation in social judgements. In the absence of simple cues (e.g. skin colour, group labels), the effect of facial morphology on social judgements may be much more complex than previously assumed.

• MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mínění * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obličej anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• rozpoznání obličeje fyziologie   MeSH
• sociální percepce * MeSH
• stereotypizace * MeSH
• uprchlíci psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Turecko MeSH

The influence of the sex of the expresser was examined in relation to correct perception of facial expressions by the receiver. Two hundred and twenty-seven college students (114 women, 103 men) judged seven facial expressions, anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise, by choosing the appropriate emotion name from a list of six Czech options, on men and women's faces. No significant difference was found between rates of correct perception of facial expressions on the faces of women and on the faces of men. The facial expression of fear was better recognized on the man's face than on the woman's face in this set of subjects. The results do not support the hypothesis of more accurate recognition of facial expressions on women's faces than on men's faces.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• emoce MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mínění MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• strach MeSH
• studenti psychologie   MeSH
• výraz obličeje MeSH
• zraková percepce MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

The abilities to identify facial expression from another person's face and to attribute mental states to others refer to preserved function of the temporal lobes. In the present study, we set out to evaluate emotion recognition and social cognition in presurgical and postsurgical patients with unilateral refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of TLE surgery and to identify the main risk factors for impairment in these functions. We recruited 30 patients with TLE for longitudinal data analysis (14 with right-sided and 16 with left-sided TLE) and 74 patients for cross-sectional data analysis (37 with right-sided and 37 with left-sided TLE) plus 20 healthy controls. Besides standard neuropsychological assessment, we administered an analog of the Ekman and Friesen test and the Faux Pas Test to assess emotion recognition and social cognition, respectively. Both emotion recognition and social cognition were impaired in the group of patients with TLE, irrespective of the focus side, compared with healthy controls. The performance in both tests was strongly dependent on the intelligence level. Beyond intelligence level, earlier age at epilepsy onset, longer disease duration, and history of early childhood brain injury predicted social cognition problems in patients with TLE. Epilepsy surgery within the temporal lobe seems to have neutral effect on patients' performances in both domains. However, there are a few individual patients who appear to be at risk of postoperative decline, even when seizure freedom is achieved following epilepsy surgery.

• MeSH
• audiovizuální záznam MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• emoce * MeSH
• epilepsie temporálního laloku komplikace   chirurgie   MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neurochirurgické výkony metody   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rozpoznávání (psychologie) * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Patients with schizophrenia have difficulties processing the emotional and cognitive states of others. Neuroimaging studies show inconsistent findings. METHODS: We used a Seed-based d Mapping meta-analytic method to explore brain activation during facial emotion recognition and theory of mind tasks in schizophrenia patients. RESULTS: The patients showed lesser recruitment of the facial emotion processing network; behavioural performance was associated with the activation of the precentral gyrus. We found abnormal activation of the mentalising network in schizophrenia patients during reasoning about other people's mental states; patients with worse performances showed lesser activation in the right insula and superior temporal gyrus. Multimodal meta-analysis showed overlaps of brain-related abnormalities for both modalities in schizophrenia, with reduced recruitment of the right insula, anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex and increased activation in the bilateral parietal cortex. Meta-regression results indicate that illness duration, medication and symptomatology might influence social-cognitive network disruptions in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the complex impairment of social cognition, as demonstrated by neural-related circuit disruptions during facial emotion processing and theory of mind tasks in schizophrenia.

• MeSH
• emoce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• neurozobrazování MeSH
• schizofrenie (psychologie) MeSH
• schizofrenie patofyziologie   MeSH
• sociální chování * MeSH
• teorie mysli * MeSH
• výraz obličeje MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Recent research has reported an association between facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) and both fighting performance and judgments of formidability in a sample of mixed martial arts (MMA) combatants. The results provide evidence of fWHR being associated with sporting performance and aggression in men. However, it has been argued that the effect of fWHR might be a by-product of associations between body size and behavioral measures. Here we tested whether fWHR is associated with perceived aggressiveness, fighting ability and success in physical confrontation, while controlling for body size, also in a sample of MMA fighters. We found that perceived fighting ability was predicted by weight but not by fWHR. In contrast, both fWHR and body weight independently predicted perceived aggressiveness. Furthermore, we found positive associations between fWHR and fighting performance which appear to be independent of body size. Our findings provide further support for the proposal that fWHR is associated with fighting ability and perceived aggression, and that these effects are independent of body size. Therefore, fWHR might be considered as a viable and reliable marker for inference of success in male intra-sexual competition.

• MeSH
• agrese fyziologie   MeSH
• bojové sporty fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obličej anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• rozpoznání obličeje fyziologie   MeSH
• sociální percepce * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• komentáře MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH