• MeSH
• evokované potenciály MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• neurofyziologie MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• zraková percepce MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the spectral power of the cortical bands in patients with first episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder at rest and during the performance of a mental arithmetic task. METHODS: We analyzed EEG spectral power (SP) in the resting state and subsequently while counting down from 200 in steps of 7, in 32 first episode schizophrenia patients (SZ), 32 patients with first episode schizoaffective disorder (SA) and healthy controls (HC, n=40). Behavioral parameters such as accuracy and counting speed were also evaluated. RESULTS: Both SZ and SA patients were slower in counting than HC, no difference was obtained in the accuracy and counting speed in the patient groups. In the resting state patients showed elevated midline theta power, off-midline anterior beta 2 power and decreased central/posterior alpha power. The SA group occupied an intermediate position between the schizophrenia patients and controls. In task performance patients lacked a typical increase of midline theta, left anterior beta 2, and anterior gamma power; however, schizoaffective patients demonstrated a growing trend of power in the gamma band in left anterior off-midline sites similar to HC. Moreover, alpha power was less inhibited in schizoaffective patients and more pronounced in schizophrenia patients indicating distinct inhibitory mechanisms in these psychotic disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with SA demonstrate less alteration in the spectral power of bands at rest than SZ, and present spectral power changes during cognitive task performance close to the controls. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study contributes to the present evidence on the neurophysiological distinction between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

• MeSH
• alfa rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• beta rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku MeSH
• matematika * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odpočinek fyziologie   MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů * MeSH
• psychotické poruchy patofyziologie   MeSH
• schizofrenie patofyziologie   MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• theta rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the coherence values of the cortical bands in patients with first episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder during the performance of a mental arithmetic task. METHOD: We analysed EEG coherence in the resting state and subsequently while counting down from 200 in steps of 7 in 32 first episode schizophrenia patients (SZ), 32 patients with first episode schizoaffective disorder (SA) and 40 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS: Task performance in HC is characterised by decreased coherence in the alpha bands and increased coherence in the beta 2 and gamma bands in frontal sites. In SZ, coherence decreases in the alpha band, whereas in SA it substantially increases in the alpha, beta1, beta 2 and gamma bands. CONCLUSIONS: Despite no differences in performance on a behavioural level, SA patients demonstrate a paradoxical increase in both low and fast frequency bands during the performance of a mental arithmetic task, while, patients with SZ show a decreased coherence in the alpha band, presumably alluding to the excessive excitatory (in SA) and inhibitory (in SZ) mechanisms in cognitive processing. SIGNIFICANCE: The current study provides evidence for the distinction of neurophysiological mechanisms of cognitive processing between SZ and SA.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• inteligenční testy MeSH
• kognice * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matematika MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mozkové vlny * MeSH
• psychotické poruchy patofyziologie   MeSH
• schizofrenie patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dýchání MeSH
• elektrookulografie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mrkání MeSH
• periodicita MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
• psychický stres MeSH
• spektrální analýza MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH

The altered regulation of autonomic response to mental stress can result in increased cardiovascular risk. The laboratory tests used to simulate the autonomic responses to real-life stressors do not necessarily induce generalized sympathetic activation; therefore, the assessment of regulatory outputs to different effector organs could be important. We aimed to study the cardiovascular sympathetic arousal in response to different mental stressors (Stroop test, mental arithmetic test) in 20 healthy students. The conceivable sympathetic vascular index--spectral power of low frequency band of systolic arterial pressure variability (LF-SAP) and novel potential cardio-sympathetic index--symbolic dynamics heart rate variability index 0V% were evaluated. The heart and vessels responded differently to mental stress--while Stroop test induced increase of both 0V% and LF-SAP indices suggesting complex sympathetic arousal, mental arithmetic test evoked only 0V% increase compared to baseline (p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.01, respectively). Significantly greater reactivity of LF-SAP, 0V%, heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were found in response to Stroop test compared to mental arithmetic test potentially indicating the effect of different central processing (0V%, LF-SAP: p<0.001; HR, MAP: p<0.01). The different effectors' sympathetic responses to cognitive stressors could provide novel important information regarding potential pathomechanisms of stress-related diseases.

• MeSH
• arousal * MeSH
• arteriální tlak * MeSH
• kardiovaskulární systém inervace   MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• matematické pojmy MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nelineární dynamika MeSH
• psychický stres etiologie   patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence * MeSH
• Stroopův test MeSH
• sympatický nervový systém patofyziologie   MeSH
• zdraví dobrovolníci pro lékařské studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• MeSH
• duševní procesy MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matematika MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• dopamin diagnostické užití   MeSH
• emoce fyziologie   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• hemodynamika fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obranné mechanismy fyziologie   MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů fyziologie   MeSH
• srdce - funkce komor fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVES: To investigate if the increased pain threshold in women with bulimia nervosa (BN) may be due to chronic stress-induced analgesia. METHODS: We measured thermal pain threshold latency, blood pressure and heart rate in 21 women with BN and 21 healthy women (HW) under six consecutive conditions: rest I, mental arithmetic task, rest II, eating sweet food, rest III, cold-pressor test. RESULTS: Thermal pain threshold latency was longer in BN than in HW in all six conditions. It increased during mental arithmetic test and remained increased during the rest of the experiment in both groups. In the BN group, the increase of pain threshold during mental arithmetic was positively correlated with illness duration. The differential modulation of pain threshold by stress in BN and HW could not be explained by autonomic system reactivity. In HW, the pain threshold increased more during eating and blood pressure increased more during mental stress; in BN, the pain threshold was highest in the mental stress condition and blood pressure was most increased during eating. During the cold pressor test, women with BN showed smaller blood pressure increase and tolerated the cold for shorter time than HW. CONCLUSION: The observed marked modulation of pain threshold by experimental stress suggests that stress-induced analgesia is unlikely to account for baseline pain insensitivity in BN. Increased pain threshold in BN is a stable yet incompletely understood phenomenon, which may be related to the predisposition to or maintenance of the disorder.

• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• bolest patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• bulimia nervosa patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• konzumní sacharóza aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nízká teplota MeSH
• odpočinek fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• percepce fyziologie   MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
• práh bolesti MeSH
• přijímání potravy fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• psychický stres patofyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders are often neglected and undiagnosed. There are known risk factors for these disorders (e.g., higher levels of frailty, cognitive decline before surgery). However, these factors are usually not assessed in the daily clinical setting. One of the main reasons for this lack of examination is the absence of a suitable cognitive function test that can be used in acute clinical settings. The primary aim of this study was to determine correlations between preoperative and postoperative scores on three cognitive tests (the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and the Test of Gestures (TEGEST). METHODS: This was a prospective, monocentric, observational study that included one cohort of patients aged 65 years and older. Patients underwent acute or elective surgical operations. Preanaesthesia tests were administered. After the operation, the patients completed the same tests between the 2nd postoperative day and discharge. Preoperative and postoperative cognitive test scores were assessed. RESULTS: This study included 164 patients. The arithmetic mean age was 74.5 years. The strongest correlations were observed between MMSE scores and TEGEST scores (r = 0.830 before and 0.786 after surgery, P < 0.001). To compare the MMSE and the TEGEST, the MMSE was divided into 2 categories-normal and impaired-and good agreement was found among 76.2% of the participants (κ = 0.515). If the TEGEST scoring system was changed so that scores of 4-6 indicated normal cognition and scores of 0-3 indicated cognitive impairment, the level of agreement would be 90.8%, κ = 0.817. Only 5.5% of the patients had impaired MMSE scores and normal TEGEST scores, whereas 3.7% of the respondents normal MMSE scores and impaired TEGEST scores. CONCLUSION: According to our results, the TEGEST is a suitable option for assessing cognitive functioning before surgery among patients who are at risk of developing perioperative neurocognitive disorders. This study revealed that it is necessary to change the rating scale for the TEGEST so that scores of 4-6 indicate normal cognition and scores of 0-3 indicate cognitive impairment. In clinical practice, the use of the TEGEST may help to identify patients at risk of perioperative neurocognitive disorders.

• MeSH
• hodnocení rizik metody   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce diagnóza   psychologie   etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurokognitivní poruchy * diagnóza   psychologie   MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• perioperační období MeSH
• pooperační komplikace diagnóza   psychologie   etiologie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• testy pro posouzení mentálních funkcí a demence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Cognitive disorders and dementia occur in 19 to 42% of patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2). Neuropsychological tests can reveal executive dysfunction, impaired visual and verbal memory, tongue and speech impairment, attention disorders and impaired verbal fluency. METHODS: We performed psychiatric and neuropsychological examinations in 12 patients diagnosed with genetically confirmed SCA2 and 12 healthy volunteers matching the patients in age, gender, and length of education. The level of motor impairment was determined using the brief ataxia rating scale (BARS). The neuropsychological examination focused on testing executive functions, short-term visual and verbal memory, attention, psychomotor tempo, visual motor coordination, learning ability and comprehension ability. The tests were divided into two subgroups according to the difficulty of motor tasks. The cognitive abilities composite score (CACS) was determined by calculating the arithmetic mean of T scores of the respective tests. RESULTS: Patients with SCA2 had significantly lower CACSs (p=0.00005) compared to the healthy volunteers. Patients exhibited impaired performance in both difficult and simple motor tests. The severity of cognitive impairment was related to the age at the onset of the disease (p=0.002) but not to the duration or to the overall BARS score. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to healthy volunteers, patients with SCA2 exhibited significantly worse cognitive performance in all areas tested, including the tests of simple motor tasks. Moreover, the cognitive performance of patients worsened as the difficulty of the motor tasks increased.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• exekutivní funkce MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy etiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• paměť fyziologie   MeSH
• pozornost fyziologie   MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• spinocerebelární ataxie komplikace   genetika   psychologie   MeSH
• učení fyziologie   MeSH
• věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
• zraková percepce fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH