The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment of organic-carbon-deficient wastewater containing benzotriazole (BTA) in lab-scale aerated biofilters filled with natural manganese oxide ore, sand coated with synthetic manganese oxides and sand (as a control material) in terms of BTA removal efficiency, its transformation products and ecotoxicological impact of the treated wastewater. Additionally, the effect of Mn(II) feeding was tested. The removal of BTA in all the biofilters was ≥97%. The contribution of the biotic removal of this compound was 15%, 50%, and 75% in the systems filled with sand, synthetic and natural manganese oxides, respectively. Only the columns filled with natural manganese oxides provided significant removal of DOC and decrease of UV254 and SUVA254, with even more pronounced effect with Mn(II) feeding. The presence of Mn(II) was also found to enhance the removal of NNH4 in the systems filled with either form of manganese oxides, otherwise the removal of NNH4 was negligible or negative. The transformation reactions of BTA were methylation, hydroxylation, and triazole ring cleavage. Based on the number of compounds and their relative abundance, the methylated transformation products were predominant in the effluent. The reduction of the ecotoxicity (Microtox bioassay) of the effluents was positively correlated with the decrease of UV254, SUVA and DOC and only moderately with the removal of BTA. This study has shown that the natural manganese oxide ore provides the broadest set of services as a filtering material for aerated biofilters treating carbon-deficient wastewater containing BTA.

• MeSH
• čištění vody metody   MeSH
• mangan chemie   MeSH
• odpadní voda chemie   MeSH
• oxidy MeSH
• sloučeniny manganu MeSH
• triazoly izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• uhlík MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The potential of three Fe- and Mn-(nano)oxides for stabilizing Cd, Cu and Pb in contaminated soils was investigated using batch and column experiments, adsorption tests and tests of soil microbial activity. A novel synthetic amorphous Mn oxide (AMO), which was recently proposed as a stabilizing amendment, proved to be the most efficient in decreasing the mobility of the studied metals compared to nano-maghemite and nano-magnetite. Its application resulted in significant decreases of exchangeable metal fractions (92%, 92% and 93% decreases of Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations, respectively). The adsorption capacity of the AMO was an order of magnitude higher than those recorded for the other amendments. It was also the most efficient treatment for reducing Cu concentrations in the soil solution. No negative effects on soil microorganisms were recorded. On the other hand, the AMO was able to dissolve soil organic matter to some extent.

• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• dekontaminace MeSH
• kadmium chemie   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měď chemie   MeSH
• olovo chemie   MeSH
• oxidy chemie   MeSH
• sloučeniny manganu chemie   MeSH
• těžké kovy chemie   MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• katalasa MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny účinky léků   MeSH
• polyethylenglykoly farmakologie   MeSH
• ribonukleasy MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

The work is focused on clarifying the impact of diabetes and natural plant polyphenols contained in Pycnogenol® (PYC) on the activity and synthesis of Cu/Zn-SOD and synthesis of nNOS and eNOS in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex in rats with induced diabetes. Rats included in the study (n=38) were divided into three groups: the controls (C), (n=7), untreated diabetics (D) (n=19) and diabetic rats treated with PYC (DP) (n=12). Diabetes significantly decreased synthesis, as well as the activity of Cu/Zn-SOD in both studied parts of the brain. PYC significantly increased the synthesis of Cu/Zn-SOD but had no effect on its activity. Diabetes also reduced the synthesis of nNOS in cerebral cortex and administered PYC elevated its amount to the level of controls. In the cerebellum, diabetes does not affect the synthesis of nNOS and PYC reduces synthesis of nNOS. Diabetes as well as PYC had no influence on the synthesis of eNOS in both, the cerebellum and cerebral cortex. PYC modulated level of Cu/Zn-SOD and nNOS in cerebellum and cerebral cortex of diabetic rats, but in a different way.

• MeSH
• borovice MeSH
• experimentální diabetes mellitus enzymologie   MeSH
• fenoly farmakologie   MeSH
• flavonoidy farmakologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mozeček enzymologie   MeSH
• mozková kůra enzymologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

We aimed to perform a chemical analysis of both Alibernet red wine and an alcohol-free Alibernet red wine extract (AWE) and to investigate the effects of AWE on nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production as well as blood pressure development in normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Total antioxidant capacity together with total phenolic and selected mineral content was measured in wine and AWE. Young 6-week-old male WKY and SHR were treated with AWE (24,2 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks. Total NOS and SOD activities, eNOS and SOD1 protein expressions, and superoxide production were determined in the tissues. Both antioxidant capacity and phenolic content were significantly higher in AWE compared to wine. The AWE increased NOS activity in the left ventricle, aorta, and kidney of SHR, while it did not change NOS activity in WKY rats. Similarly, increased SOD activity in the plasma and left ventricle was observed in SHR only. There were no changes in eNOS and SOD1 expressions. In conclusion, phenolics and minerals included in AWE may contribute directly to increased NOS and SOD activities of SHR. Nevertheless, 3 weeks of AWE treatment failed to affect blood pressure of SHR.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• aorta účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• hypertenze metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• ledviny účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• minerály analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• oxid dusnatý metabolismus   MeSH
• polyfenoly analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
• potkani inbrední WKY MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• srdeční komory účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ III metabolismus   MeSH
• víno analýza   MeSH
• Vitis chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

An amorphous Mn oxide (AMO), nanomaghemite, and nanomagnetite were used as potential amendments reducing the mobility of As in three contrasting contaminated soils differing in origin of As contamination. Adsorption experiments and XPS analyses combined with incubation batch experiments and pH-static leaching tests were used. The AMO showed excellent adsorption capacity for As(V) reaching a maximum of 1.79 mmol g(-1) at pH 7 and 8. Interestingly, the adsorption capacity in this case decreases with decreasing pH, probably as a result of AMO dissolution at lower pH values. Chemical sorption of As(V) onto AMO was further confirmed with XPS. Both Fe nano-oxides proved the highest adsorption capacity at pH 4 reaching 11 mg g(-1) of adsorbed As(V). The AMO was also the most efficient amendment for decreasing As concentrations in soil solutions during 8 weeks of incubation. Additionally, pH-static leaching tests were performed at pH 4, 5, 6, 7, and natural pH (not adjusted) and AMO again proved the highest ability to decrease As content in leachate. On the other hand, strong dissolution of this amendment at lower pH values (especially pH 4) was observed. For that reason, AMO appears as a promising stabilizing agent for As, especially in neutral, alkaline, or slightly acidic soils, where As(V) species are expected to be more mobile.

• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• arsen analýza   chemie   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   chemie   MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• oxidy chemie   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• regenerace a remediace životního prostředí MeSH
• sloučeniny manganu chemie   MeSH
• železité sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hematologické nádory etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• hematologie metody   trendy   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitogenem aktivované proteinkinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• NADPH-oxidasy metabolismus   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• oxidační stres genetika   imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• proteinkinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy dusíku izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Buckwheat cookies with various ingredients for raw food vegan diet are usually prepared by soaking them in water at ambient temperature followed by drying at moderate temperature. The aim of this study was to examine the temperature effect on the microbiological quality, antioxidant properties and oxidative stability of lipids of final dried samples. The mixture of ingredients was soaked for 20 h in distilled water, and then cookies were formed and dried in air-forced oven at constant temperature in the range from 40 to 60 °C. Total viable counts, fungi, yeasts, coliform and aerobic spore-forming bacteria counts were evaluated in dried samples and were found to decrease during drying at 50 and 60 °C. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH and ABTS assays, and the former showed the highest value at 40 °C. Superoxide dismutase activity was also higher at 40 °C in comparison with that at 60 °C. The percentage of lipid peroxidation inhibition increased with the increase in drying temperature until 4th day of incubation. While peroxide value was significantly higher in samples dried at 40 °C, TBARS values did not show significant changes during the drying process. The results of this study suggest that drying buckwheat-based cookies at 40 °C retained their good antioxidant properties but represent a potentially serious microbial hazard.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální nálož MeSH
• dieta veganská * MeSH
• Fagopyrum chemie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou analýza   MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• syrová strava analýza   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• voda analýza   MeSH
• vysoušení * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) might induce transcription and expression of different antioxidant enzymes and also of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms. Thus, we aimed at studying the effect of NF-κB inhibition, caused by JSH-23 (4-methyl-N (1)-(3-phenyl-propyl)-benzene-1,2-diamine) injection, on ROS and NO generation in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) rats. 12-week-old, male Wistar and HTG rats were treated with JSH-23 (bolus, 10 μmol, i.v.). After one week, blood pressure (BP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, SOD1, endothelial NOS (eNOS), and NF-κB (p65) protein expressions were higher in the heart of HTG rats compared to control rats. On the other hand, NOS activity was decreased. In HTG rats, JSH-23 treatment increased BP and heart conjugated dienes (CD) concentration (measured as the marker of tissue oxidative damage). Concomitantly, SOD activity together with SOD1 expression was decreased, while NOS activity and eNOS protein expression were increased significantly. In conclusion, NF-κB inhibition in HTG rats led to decreased ROS degradation by SOD followed by increased oxidative damage in the heart and BP elevation. In these conditions, increased NO generation may represent rather a counterregulatory mechanism activated by ROS. Nevertheless, this mechanism was not sufficient enough to compensate BP increase in HTG rats.

• MeSH
• exprese genu účinky léků   MeSH
• fenylendiaminy farmakologie   MeSH
• glutathion analýza   MeSH
• hyperlipoproteinemie typ IV patologie   veterinární   MeSH
• krevní tlak účinky léků   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• myokard metabolismus   MeSH
• oxid dusnatý metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• srdeční komory metabolismus   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého, typ III genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• synthasa oxidu dusnatého genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost účinky léků   MeSH
• transkripční faktor RelA genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are well recognized for playing a dual role, since they can be either deleterious or beneficial to biological systems. An imbalance between ROS production and elimination is termed oxidative stress, a critical factor and common denominator of many chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases), and other disorders. To counteract the harmful effects of ROS, organisms have evolved a complex, three-line antioxidant defense system. The first-line defense mechanism is the most efficient and involves antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). This line of defense plays an irreplaceable role in the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2•-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The removal of superoxide radicals by SOD prevents the formation of the much more damaging peroxynitrite ONOO- (O2•- + NO• → ONOO-) and maintains the physiologically relevant level of nitric oxide (NO•), an important molecule in neurotransmission, inflammation, and vasodilation. The second-line antioxidant defense pathway involves exogenous diet-derived small-molecule antioxidants. The third-line antioxidant defense is ensured by the repair or removal of oxidized proteins and other biomolecules by a variety of enzyme systems. This review briefly discusses the endogenous (mitochondria, NADPH, xanthine oxidase (XO), Fenton reaction) and exogenous (e.g., smoking, radiation, drugs, pollution) sources of ROS (superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite). Attention has been given to the first-line antioxidant defense system provided by SOD, CAT, and GPx. The chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidant enzymes, enzyme-related diseases (cancer, cardiovascular, lung, metabolic, and neurological diseases), and the role of enzymes (e.g., GPx4) in cellular processes such as ferroptosis are discussed. Potential therapeutic applications of enzyme mimics and recent progress in metal-based (copper, iron, cobalt, molybdenum, cerium) and nonmetal (carbon)-based nanomaterials with enzyme-like activities (nanozymes) are also discussed. Moreover, attention has been given to the mechanisms of action of low-molecular-weight antioxidants (vitamin C (ascorbate), vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), carotenoids (e.g., β-carotene, lycopene, lutein), flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, anthocyanins, epicatechin), and glutathione (GSH)), the activation of transcription factors such as Nrf2, and the protection against chronic diseases. Given that there is a discrepancy between preclinical and clinical studies, approaches that may result in greater pharmacological and clinical success of low-molecular-weight antioxidant therapies are also subject to discussion.

• MeSH
• anthokyaniny metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• antioxidancia * farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• kyselina peroxydusitá farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• peroxid vodíku MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   MeSH
• superoxidy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH