Background. Studies have shown that oxidative stress increases with increasing human age. Protein carbonyl accumulation is an indicator of oxidative damage to proteins during aging in cells and tissues. The present study is focused on the relationship between human age and protein oxidation in erythrocyte membranes in a healthy Indian population. Materials and Methods. The sample included healthy human subjects (n = 49) between the ages of 17 to 80 years. Their blood was collected and assayed spectrophotometrically for oxidative protein damage in terms of protein carbonyls and plasma antioxidant capacity in terms of FRAP. Results. Protein carbonyl content was found to increase in an age-related pattern indicating an increase in oxidative protein damage in older subjects (p <0.0001, r = 0.8269). There was also a significant negative correlation between protein oxidation and plasma antioxidant capacity measured in terms of ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) values (p<0.0001; r = -0.8695). Conclusion. Our results substantiate the occurrence of oxidative stress during human aging. Elevated erythrocyte membrane carbonyl levels found with increasing age in this study may be viewed as a biomarker for aging.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• erytrocytární membrána metabolismus   MeSH
• karbonylace proteinů MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• spektrofotometrie MeSH
• stárnutí metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress hypothesis offers a mechanism for the aging process and its involvement in other pathologies such as diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer. AChE activity in erythrocytes may be considered as a marker of central cholinergic status. The present study was undertaken to (i) determine the activity of erythrocyte AChE as a function of human process (ii) correlate AChE activity with oxidative stress during human aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Blood was collected from healthy subjects (n = 37) 22-82 years. Erythrocyte AChE activity, MDA and plasma antioxidant capacity in terms of FRAP was measured spectrophotometrically. RESULTS: There was a marked decrease in AChE activity with increasing age. The reduction in activity of AChE correlated well with increased lipid peroxidation and a decrease in FRAP values. CONCLUSION: Decreased antioxidant defense, and alteration in membrane rheology during aging process both may contribute towards decreased activity of AChE in erythrocyte membrane. This finding may help in explaining the neuronal complications taking place under conditions of oxidative stress, aging, and dementia.

• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa metabolismus   MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• erytrocytární membrána enzymologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH

• MeSH
• abúzus marihuany MeSH
• galaktorea * etiologie   MeSH
• hyperprolaktinemie * etiologie   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• hypofýza patofyziologie   MeSH
• kontraceptiva orální hormonální MeSH
• kouření marihuany * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prolaktin fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• souhrny MeSH

Therapeutic interventions that can delay age associated diseases and ensure a longer health-span is a major goal of aging research. Consequent to understanding that aging is a modifiable trait, a large number of studies are currently being undertaken to elucidate the mechanism(s) of the aging process. Research on human aging and longevity is difficult, due to longer time frame, ethical concerns and environmental variables. Most of the present day understanding about the aging process comes through studies conducted on model organisms. These provide suitable platforms for understanding underlying mechanism(s) which control aging and have led to major discoveries that emphasize the evolutionarily conserved molecular pathways as key players that respond to extra and intracellular signals. This is a review of various invertebrate and vertebrate models including yeast, Drosophila, C. elegans, rodents, naked mole rat, and birds, currently used in aging research with emphasis on how well they can mimic aging in higher animals and humans.

• MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans MeSH
• dlouhověkost * MeSH
• Drosophila MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroftalmičtí podzemní hlodavci MeSH
• modely u zvířat * MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ptáci MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae MeSH
• stárnutí * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background. Exposure to high concentrations of oxygen radicals, the lack of nucleus and mitochrondria, inability to synthesise new protein and degradation of detoxifying enzymes makes red blood cells (RBCs) uniquely vulnerable to oxidative stress. This review summarizes the changes in biochemical parameters that primarily contribute to alterations in red blood cells during oxidative stress. Methods. PubMed, Science Direct and Springer online databases and updates from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Results and Conclusion. As one of the first cells to be affected by changes in the redox status of the body, alterations in red blood cells are widely used in first step-diagnoses of a number of pathological conditions. The information presented in this review provides an update on biomarkers of redox balance in red blood cells. These biomarkers may be used for assessment of oxidative stress during human health and disease.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• erytrocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• hemoglobiny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• aorta thoracica ultrasonografie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hypertenze diagnóza   MeSH
• kardiovaskulární komplikace v těhotenství etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• preeklampsie diagnóza   MeSH
• růstová retardace plodu ultrasonografie   MeSH
• rychlost toku krve fyziologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ultrasonografie dopplerovská barevná metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• hypoglykemika škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• inhibitory dipeptidylpeptidasy 4 * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• inkretiny škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH

Súhrn: Určiť diagnostický význam parametrov pulzatility index (PI) a rezistens index (RI) vo fetálnejaorte počas tehotnosti s detekovanou intrauterinnou retardáciou rastu (IUGR). Vyšetrenia- ABUSONIC 8, ALOKA 680 SSD, transabdominálnou 3,5 MHz sondou s farebným dopplerovskýmmodulom.Názov a sídlo pracoviska: II. Gynekologicko-pôrodnícka klinika, LF UPJŠ a FN L. Pasteura, Košice,Slovenská republika, Obst/Gynae Dpt., Victoria Hospital, Mahé, Seychelles Republic, IndianaOcean.Súbor a metóda: Vyhodnotili sme prospektívnu komparatívnu štúdiu dvoch skupín rizikových tehotností.Skupina A 112 gravidít s klinickými známkami preeklampsie s detekovanou IUGR plodu, ktorúsme podľa klasifi kácie foriem preeklampsie na miernu, strednú a ťažkú diferencovali na podskupinyA1 A2, A3 a A4 s eklampsiou a komparatívnu skupinu B 106 gravidít. V skupinách sme vyhodnocovaliPI, RI aorta descendens v oblasti bifurkácie v priebehu gestácie od 28. týždňa až do ukončenia gravidity.Parametre boli merané v týždňových intervaloch podľa klinického ultrasonografi ckého protokolu.Porovnali sme priemerne hodnoty PI, RI v priebehu gravidity v skupine A a skupine B v korešpondujúcichtýždňoch gravidity. V podskupinách-A1, A2, A3 sme vyhodnotili výskyt plodov s IUGR.Výsledky: Aorta descendens PI, RI vykazuje u plodov v skupine A signifi kantne vyššie priemernehodnoty PI, RI oproti komparatívnej skupine B. V skupine A sme nezaznamenali zníženie rezistenciev descendentnej aorte po 34. týždni tehotenstva. V komparatívnej skupine B po 34. týždnisignifi kantne hodnoty PI, RI klesajú. Z celkového počtu 112 tehotenstiev v skupine A s preeklampsioua eklampsiou vykazovalo až 52,6 % retardáciu prírastku bioparametrov - IUGR, aleboreštrikciu a nulový prírastok. V podskupine A1 ľahkých foriem preeklampsie to bolo 20,5 %detekovaných plodov s IUGR. V podskupine A2 stredných foriem preeklampsie to bolo 51,3 % plodov a v podskupine A3 ťažkých foriem až 87,8 % plodov s IUGR alebo reštrikciou prírastku.U všetkých 3 plodov pri eklampsii. Podskupina A4 išlo o reštrikciu rastu a reverzný tok v descendentnejaorte.Hlavný záver: Funkčné vyšetrenie prietoku v descendentnej fetálnej aorte je súčasťou komplexnejanalýzy fetálnej cirkulácie v rámci nadstavbového ultrazvukového protokolu a je významnoumetódou na diferenciáciu rizikových gravidít so suspektným ohrozením plodu a intrauterinnourastovou retardáciou. Relatívne nízky podiel IUGR v skupine dáva možnosť dobrej prognózy rastupri efektívnej vazodilatačnej liečbe.

Summary pregnancycomplicated by ultrasonografi cally detected intrauterine growth retardation-IUGR.Setting: Dpt. of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Safarik‘s University and University Hospital L. Pasteur,Kosice, Slovak Republic, Obst/Gynae Dpt., Victoria Hospital, Mahé, Seychelles Republic,Indian Ocean.Subject and Method: The autors measured fetal circulation on the level of descending aortal bifurcation.The results were compared in the Group-A of 112 pregnancies complicated by mild,moderate and several praeeclampsia, eclampsia with detected IUGR, and comparative Group-Bof 106 pregnancies.Intervention: The ACUSONIC 8, ALOKA 680 SSD using transabdominal 3.5 MHz probe with collordoppler facility. The parameters were measured in weekly intervals according the clinical protocolfor management of high risk pregnancies.Subjects: There was opened a prospective comparative study of 112 risk pregnancies (Group-A) anda comparative Group-B of 106 pregnancies with normal growth of fetuses. Group-A was devided accordingclassifi cation of praeeclampsia to Subgroup-A1, mild praeeclampsia, Subgroup-A2, moderatepraeeclampsia, Subgroup-A3, severe praeclampsia and Subgroup-A4, eclampsia. Parameters of vascularresistance in descending aorta were calculated from 28th week of gestation to termination ofpregnancy and compared average values in corresponding stage in the Group-A and the comparativeGroup-B. Number of IUGR fetuses or restricted with the growth were calculated in Subgroups - A.Results: Descending aorta presents signifi cantly higher average values of PI, RI during pregnancyfrom 28th week of gestation in Group-A. There is no evidence of diastolic decrease after 34thweek of gestation in Group-A. In Group-A 52.6% fetuses were ultrasonografi caly IUGR detected orrestricted. In Subgroup-A1 of mild praeeclampsia were 20.5% of the IUGR fetuses. Subgroup-A2 ofmoderate praeeclampsia showed 51.3% and Subgroup-A3 severe praeeclampsia 87.8% of the IUGRfetuses of restricted. Three cases of eclampsia were restricted for growth .Main outcome - functional assessment of the descending aorta fl ow is the most reliable method fordifferentiation of praeclamptic and eclamptic pregnancies with suspected fetal starvation andintrauterine growth retardation.

• MeSH
• aorta MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• preeklampsie patologie   MeSH
• pulzatilní průtok MeSH
• růstová retardace plodu diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence plodu MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ultrasonografie dopplerovská barevná metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led the scientific community to breach new frontiers in the understanding of human physiology and disease pathogenesis. It has been hypothesized that the human dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) enzyme receptor may be a functional target for the spike proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since DPP4-inhibitors are currently used for the treatment of patients with type-2 diabetes (T2DM), there is currently high interest in the possibility that these agents, or incretin-based therapies (IBTs) in general, may be of benefit against the new coronavirus infection. Diabetes is associated with increased COVID-19 severity and mortality, and accumulating evidence suggests that IBTs may favorably alter the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to their inherent mechanisms of action. Further research into prognostic variables associated with various antidiabetic treatment regimens, and in particular the IBT, in patients with T2DM affected by the COVID-19 pandemic is therefore warranted.

• MeSH
• Betacoronavirus MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• hypoglykemika MeSH
• inhibitory dipeptidylpeptidasy 4 farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• inkretiny farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• koronavirové infekce farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mediátory zánětu metabolismus   MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• receptor pro glukagonu podobný peptid 1 metabolismus   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• virová pneumonie farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH