• Keywords
• SPSS Base 8.0,

• Conspectus
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NML Fields
• lékařská informatika

• Keywords
• SPSS,

• Conspectus
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NML Fields
• lékařská informatika

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Physiological ranges and dynamic changes of atlantoaxial rotation (ROTC1/2), total cervical spine rotation (ROTCs) and the percentage of ROTC1/2 from ROTCs (ROTCperc) for different age groups have not yet been investigated in a sufficiently sized cohort. Furthermore, it is not clear whether demographic variables such a sex, smoking status or diabetes affect ROTC1/2, ROTCs and ROTCperc. PURPOSE: Obtain physiological ranges of ROTC1/2, ROTCs and ROTCperc for different age groups and determine their age-based dynamics. Investigate whether ROTC1/2, ROTCs and ROTCperc are affected by sex, smoking status or diabetes. DESIGN: Observational cross-sectional study. PATIENT SAMPLE: Patients undergoing elective CT examinations of the head and neck region between August 2020 and January 2022. OUTCOME MEASURES: Ranges of motion of ROTC1/2, ROTCs and ROTCperc in degrees. METHODS: A total of 308 subjects underwent dynamic rotational CT examinations of the upper cervical spine. Patients were divided into three age categories A1 (27-49 years), A2 (50-69 years) and A3 (≥70 years). Category A3 was further divided into B1 (70-79 years) and B2 (≥80 years). Values of ROTC1/2, ROTCs and ROTCperc were compared between all age groups, males and females, smokers and nonsmokers, diabetics a nondiabetics. Dynamics of ROTC1/2, ROTCs related to age and sex were visualized using scatterplot and trendline models. RESULTS: ROTC1/2 significantly decreased from group A1 (64.4°) to B2 (46.7°) as did ROTCs from A1 (131.2°) to B2 (97.6°). No significant differences of ROTperc were found between groups A1-B2 with values oscillating between 49% and 51%. Smoking and diabetes did not significantly affect ROTC1/2, ROTCs and ROTCperc, females had significantly higher ROTCs than males. Males and females demonstrated a different dynamic of ROTC1/2 and ROTCs demonstrated by out scatterplot and trendline models. CONCLUSIONS: Both ROTC1/2 and ROTCs significantly decrease with age, whereas ROTCperc remains stable. Females demonstrated higher ROTCs and their decrease of ROTC1/2 and ROTCs occurred in higher age groups compared to males. The functional repercussions atlantoaxial fusion are variable based on patient age and sex and should be taken into account prior to surgery.

• MeSH
• Atlanto-Axial Joint * diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Cervical Vertebrae * surgery   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Rotation MeSH
• Range of Motion, Articular physiology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Infant MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Observational Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

The advent of new, advanced quantitative MRI metrics allows for in vivo evaluation of multiple biological processes highly relevant for ageing. The presented study combines several MRI parameters hypothesised to detect distinct biological characteristics as myelin density, cellularity, cellular membrane integrity and iron concentration. 116 healthy volunteers, continuously distributed over the whole adult age span, underwent a multi-modal MRI protocol acquisition. Scatterplots of individual MRI metrics revealed that certain MRI protocols offer much higher sensitivity to early adulthood changes while plateauing in higher age (e.g., global functional connectivity in cerebral cortex or orientation dispersion index in white matter), while other MRI metrics provided reverse ability-stable levels in young adulthood with sharp changes with rising age (e.g., T1ρ and T2ρ). Nonetheless, despite the previously published validations of specificity towards microstructural biology based on cytoarchitectonic maps in healthy population or alterations in certain pathologies, several metrics previously hypothesised to be selective to common measures failed to show similar scatterplot distributions, pointing to further confounding factors directly related to age. Furthermore, other metrics, previously shown to detect different biological characteristics, exhibited substantial intercorrelations, be it due to the nature of the MRI protocol itself or co-dependence of relevant biological microstructural processes. All in all, the presented study provides a unique basis for the design and choice of relevant MRI parameters depending on the age group of interest. Furthermore, it calls for caution in simplistic biological inferences in ageing based on one simple MRI metric, even though previously validated under other conditions. Complex multi-modal approaches combining several metrics to extract the shared subcomponent will be necessary to achieve the desired goal of histological MRI.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: Protein structures and their interaction with ligands have been in the focus of biochemistry and structural biology research for decades. The transportation of ligand into the protein active site is often complex process, driven by geometric and physico-chemical properties, which renders the ligand path full of jitter and impasses. This prevents understanding of the ligand transportation and reasoning behind its behavior along the path. RESULTS: To address the needs of the domain experts we design an explorative visualization solution based on a multi-scale simplification model. It helps to navigate the user to the most interesting parts of the ligand trajectory by exploring different attributes of the ligand and its movement, such as its distance to the active site, changes of amino acids lining the ligand, or ligand "stuckness". The process is supported by three linked views - 3D representation of the simplified trajectory, scatterplot matrix, and bar charts with line representation of ligand-lining amino acids. CONCLUSIONS: The usage of our tool is demonstrated on molecular dynamics simulations provided by the domain experts. The tool was tested by the domain experts from protein engineering and the results confirm that it helps to navigate the user to the most interesting parts of the ligand trajectory and to understand the ligand behavior.

• MeSH
• Amino Acids chemistry   MeSH
• Catalytic Domain MeSH
• Protein Conformation MeSH
• Ligands MeSH
• Models, Molecular MeSH
• Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
• Proteins chemistry   MeSH
• Molecular Dynamics Simulation * MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

AIM: A majority of youth with type 1 diabetes do not meet recommended hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) targets. The SWEET diabetes registry is a multi-national registry of youth with diabetes. We used data from this registry to identify characteristics associated with glycemic control. METHODS: Patients in the SWEET diabetes registry with at least one HbA1c value within 10 days of diagnosis and three follow up measurements in the first 18 months of diagnosis were included (~10% of the SWEET diabetes registry). Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing was used to generate curves of HbA1c. Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, or χ2-tests were used to calculate differences between groups. RESULTS: The mean HbA1c of youth in the SWEET diabetes registry is highest at diagnosis and lowest between months 4 and 5 post-diabetes diagnosis. HbA1c continues to increase steadily through the first 18 months of diagnosis. There are no differences in HbA1c trajectories based on sex or use of diabetes technology. Youth in North America/Australia/New Zealand had the highest HbA1c throughout the first 18 months of diagnosis. The trajectory of youth from countries with nationalized health insurance was lower than those countries without nationalized health insurance. Youth from countries with the highest gross domestic product (GDP) had the highest HbA1c throughout the first 18 months of diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: In this subset of patients, the trajectory of youth from countries with nationalized health insurance was lower than those countries without nationalized health insurance. High GDP and high use of technology did not seem to protect from a higher trajectory.

• MeSH
• Time Factors * MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 blood   diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Glycated Hemoglobin analysis   MeSH
• Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology   therapeutic use   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Registries statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Child, Preschool MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Germany MeSH

Increased incidence rates of narcolepsy type-1 (NT1) have been reported worldwide after the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic (pH1N1). While some European countries found an association between the NT1 incidence increase and the H1N1 vaccination Pandemrix, reports from Asian countries suggested the H1N1 virus itself to be linked to the increased NT1 incidence. Using robust data-driven modeling approaches, that is, locally estimated scatterplot smoothing methods, we analyzed the number of de novo NT1 cases (n = 508) in the last two decades using the European Narcolepsy Network database. We confirmed the peak of NT1 incidence in 2010, that is, 2.54-fold (95% confidence interval [CI]: [2.11, 3.19]) increase in NT1 onset following 2009-2010 pH1N1. This peak in 2010 was found in both childhood NT1 (2.75-fold increase, 95% CI: [1.95, 4.69]) and adulthood NT1 (2.43-fold increase, 95% CI: [2.05, 2.97]). In addition, we identified a new peak in 2013 that is age-specific for children/adolescents (i.e. 2.09-fold increase, 95% CI: [1.52, 3.32]). Most of these children/adolescents were HLA DQB1*06:02 positive and showed a subacute disease onset consistent with an immune-mediated type of narcolepsy. The new 2013 incidence peak is likely not related to Pandemrix as it was not used after 2010. Our results suggest that the increased NT1 incidence after 2009-2010 pH1N1 is not unique and our study provides an opportunity to develop new hypotheses, for example, considering other (influenza) viruses or epidemiological events to further investigate the pathophysiology of immune-mediated narcolepsy.

• MeSH
• Influenza, Human * epidemiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Incidence MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Narcolepsy * epidemiology   etiology   MeSH
• Vaccination MeSH
• Influenza Vaccines * MeSH
• Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Asia MeSH
• Europe MeSH

Kniha se soustřeďuje na v praxi nejpoužívanější metody statistické analýzy vícerozměrných dat, jako jsou průzkumová analýza dat, faktorová analýza, diskriminační analýza, kanonická korelace, logistická regrese, analýza shluků, vícerozměrné škálování nebo korespondenční analýza. Nakladatelská anotace. Kráceno; Monografie na větším množství praktických příkladů vysvětluje počítačově orientovanou statistickou analýzu vícerozměrných dat. Poslouží zejména začátečníkům a studentům přírodních a technických věd, kteří s vícerozměrnou analýzou teprve začínají.Kniha se soustřeďuje na v praxi nejpoužívanější metody statistické analýzy vícerozměrných dat, jako jsou průzkumová analýza dat, faktorová analýza, diskriminační analýza, kanonická korelace, logistická regrese, analýza shluků, vícerozměrné škálování nebo korespondenční analýza.

• MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH

• Conspectus
• Kombinatorika. Teorie grafů. Matematická statistika. Operační výzkum. Matematické modelování
• NML Fields
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

• Conspectus
• Statistika
• NML Fields
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika

OBJECTIVES: To externally and prospectively validate the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) Simple Rules (SRs), Logistic Regression model 2 (LR2) and Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa (ADNEX) model in a Portuguese population, comparing these approaches with subjective assessment and the risk-of-malignancy index (RMI), as well as with each other. This study also aimed to retrospectively validate the IOTA two-step strategy, using modified benign simple descriptors (MBDs) followed by the ADNEX model in cases in which MBDs were not applicable. METHODS: This was a prospective multicenter diagnostic accuracy study conducted between January 2016 and December 2021 of consecutive patients with an ultrasound diagnosis of at least one adnexal tumor, who underwent surgery at one of three tertiary referral centers in Lisbon, Portugal. All ultrasound assessments were performed by Level-II or -III sonologists with IOTA certification. Patient clinical data and serum CA 125 levels were collected from hospital databases. Each adnexal mass was classified as benign or malignant using subjective assessment, RMI, IOTA SRs, LR2 and the ADNEX model (with and without CA 125). The reference standard was histopathological diagnosis. In the second phase, all adnexal tumors were classified retrospectively using the two-step strategy (MBDs + ADNEX). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios and overall accuracy were determined for all methods. Receiver-operating-characteristics curves were constructed and corresponding areas under the curve (AUC) were determined for RMI, LR2, the ADNEX model and the two-step strategy. The ADNEX model calibration plots were constructed using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (LOESS). RESULTS: Of the 571 patients included in the study, 428 had benign disease and 143 had malignant disease (prevalence of malignancy, 25.0%), of which 42 had borderline ovarian tumor, 93 had primary invasive adnexal cancer and eight had metastatic tumors in the adnexa. Subjective assessment had an overall sensitivity of 97.9% and a specificity of 83.6% for distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. RMI showed high specificity (95.6%) but very low sensitivity (58.7%), with an AUC of 0.913. The IOTA SRs were applicable in 80.0% of patients, with a sensitivity of 94.8% and specificity of 98.6%. The IOTA LR2 had a sensitivity of 84.6%, specificity of 86.9% and an AUC of 0.939, at a malignancy risk cut-off of 10%. At the same cut-off, the sensitivity, specificity and AUC for the ADNEX model with vs without CA 125 were 95.8% vs 98.6%, 82.5% vs 79.7% and 0.962 vs 0.960, respectively. The ADNEX model gave heterogeneous results for distinguishing between benign masses and different subtypes of malignancy, with the highest AUC (0.991) for discriminating benign masses from primary invasive adnexal cancer Stages II-IV, and the lowest AUC (0.696) for discriminating primary invasive adnexal cancer Stage I from metastatic lesion in the adnexa. The calibration plot suggested underestimation of the risk by the ADNEX model compared with the observed proportion of malignancy. The MBDs were applicable in 26.3% (150/571) of cases, of which none was malignant. The two-step strategy using the ADNEX model in the second step only, with and without CA 125, had AUCs of 0.964 and 0.961, respectively, which was similar to applying the ADNEX model in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: The IOTA methods showed good-to-excellent performance in the Portuguese population, outperforming RMI. The ADNEX model was superior to other methods in terms of accuracy, but interpretation of its ability to distinguish between malignant subtypes was limited by sample size and large differences in the prevalence of tumor subtypes. The IOTA MBDs are reliable in identifying benign disease. The two-step strategy comprising application of MBDs followed by the ADNEX model if MBDs are not applicable, is suitable for daily clinical practice, circumventing the need to calculate the risk of malignancy in all patients. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

• MeSH
• CA-125 Antigen blood   MeSH
• Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Logistic Models MeSH
• Ovarian Neoplasms * diagnostic imaging   pathology   classification   blood   MeSH
• Adnexal Diseases * diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Predictive Value of Tests MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• ROC Curve MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Ultrasonography * methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Validation Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Portugal MeSH