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The short review is focused on apple polyphenols ? their classification, biological activities and methods of isolation. The polyphenols are classified according to their chemical structure. Specific isolation methods for selected compounds are given.
Apple scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis, is a major fungal disease worldwide. Cultivation of scab-resistant cultivars would reduce the chemical footprint of apple production. However, new apple cultivars carrying durable resistances should be developed to prevent or at least slow the breakdown of resistance against races of V. inaequalis. One way to achieve durable resistance is to pyramid multiple scab resistance genes in a cultivar. The choice of the resistance genes to be combined in the pyramids should take into account the frequency of resistance breakdown and the geographical distribution of apple scab isolates able to cause such breakdowns. In order to acquire this information and to make it available to apple breeders, the VINQUEST project (www.vinquest.ch) was initiated in 2009. Ten years after launching this project, 24 partners from 14 countries regularly contribute data. From 2009 to 2018, nearly 9,000 data points have been collected. This information has been used to identify the most promising apple scab resistance genes for developing cultivars with durable resistance, which to date are: Rvi5, Rvi11, Rvi12, Rvi14, and Rvi15. As expected, Rvi1, together with Rvi3 and Rvi8, were often overcome, and have little value for scab resistance breeding. Rvi10 may also belong to this group. On the other hand, Rvi2, Rvi4, Rvi6, Rvi7, Rvi9, and Rvi13 are still useful for breeding, but their use is recommended only in extended pyramids of ≥3 resistance genes.
- MeSH
- Ascomycota * MeSH
- chov MeSH
- Malus genetika MeSH
- nemoci rostlin MeSH
- rostlinné geny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cílem naší práce bylo srovnat di agnostickou hodnotu kožních prick testů (SPT), testu aktivace basofilů (BAT) a specifického IgE (sIgE) u břízových alergiků s projevy orálního alergického syndromu (OAS) na jablko a mrkev a současně zjistit odpovědné alergeny za projevy zkříž ené alergie. Vysoká senzitivita byla zaznamenána v SPT s čerstvým jablkem a mrkví a v BAT s homogenátem jablka a mrkve (1,0). SPT a BAT s ko merčními extrakty jablka a mrkve prokázaly nízkou senzitivitu (senzitivita pro jablko 0,53, pro mrkev 0,71 v SPT, senzitivita BAT pro ja blko 0,1, pro mrkev 0,71). U obou skupin byla zaznamenána vysoká senzitivita při stanovení sIgE na alergeny jablka (1,0) a mrkve (0,94). Potvrdili jsme vysokou prevalenci zkřížené alergie u břízových alergiků prostřednictvím hl avních alergenů Mal d 1 a Dau c 1 udávanou pro země střední Evropy.
The aim of the study was to examine the di agnostic value of skin prick test (SPT), specific IgE (sIgE) and basophil activation test (BAT) in birch- allergic patients with history of oral allergy syndrome to apple and carrot. The highest senzitivity showed the SPT and the BAT with fresh apple and carrot (1,0 for both). The SPT and the BAT with commercial extracts of apple and carrot showed low sensitivity (sensitivity of SPT for apple was 0,53 and 0,71 for carrot, sensitivity of BAT for apple was 0,1 and 0,71 for carrot). The high sensitivity of sIgE of apple (1,0) and carrot (0,94) showed good diagnostic value in both groups. We determined the high prevalence of cross-reactivity in birch allergic patients t o main allergens Mal d 1 and Dau c 1, which corresponds to results in previous studies for middle Europe.
- MeSH
- alergeny imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- bazofily imunologie MeSH
- bříza imunologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- imunoglobulin G izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kožní testy metody využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Malus imunologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- mrkev obecná imunologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- potravinová alergie diagnóza imunologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The present review aimed to investigate and analyze the use of byproduct apple pomace as a fortification ingredient in different types of foods. The data obtained from English published articles found on Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar in the period from 2007 to 2019 were used for making the table overview and meta-analysis of results described in those studies. The systematic review confirmed the importance of apple pomace use in the food industry due to the beneficial nutritional profile and ecological issue (waste management). The main attributes of apple pomace are high content of antioxidant compounds and dietary fibers. Dietary fibers from apple pomace significantly increased total fiber content in enriched products-meaning that the transfer of the fortification can be declared health beneficial. The conducted meta-analysis showed unambiguously the different influence of apple pomace addition according to fortified food commodity. The fortification drawbacks were noticeable in plant food products because darker and brownish color was not evaluated positively by panelists. Oppositely, color, as one of the main sensory characteristics, was beneficially affected in animal origin food. The sensory properties, including color, play an important role in product acceptance by consumers. Besides color, animal origin products fortified by apple pomace showed the most acceptable textural properties and oxidative stability.
- MeSH
- fortifikované potraviny analýza MeSH
- Malus chemie MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami MeSH
- ovoce chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
The present work was focused on vermicomposting apple pomace waste and its mixtures with straw in volume proportions of 25%, 50%, and 75%. The feasibility was evaluated on the basis of agrochemical properties and earthworm biomass. Vermicomposting was able to reduce the weight and volume of the feedstock by 65% and 85%, respectively. The resulting vermicomposts were characterized by slightly acidic to neutral pH (5.9-6.9), and optimal EC (1.6-4.4mS/cm) and C:N ratios (13-14). The total content of nutrients increased during vermicomposting for all of the treatments with the following average final values: N=2.8%, P=0.85%, K=2.3%, and Mg=0.38%. The addition of straw to apple pomace did not enhance earthworm biomass, but did increase the available content of nutrients during vermicomposting. The data reveals that vermicomposting is a suitable technology for the decomposition of apple pomace waste into a value added product.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- draslík analýza MeSH
- dusík izolace a purifikace MeSH
- elektrická vodivost MeSH
- fosfor izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hořčík analýza MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- Malus chemie MeSH
- odpadky - odstraňování metody MeSH
- odpadní produkty * MeSH
- Oligochaeta metabolismus MeSH
- půda * MeSH
- uhlík analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
