Parkinsonova nemoc je druhé nejčastější neurodegenerativní onemocnění, jehož výskyt má celosvětově stále rostoucí tendenci. Jedním z charakteristických motorických projevů onemocnění jsou kontinuální a epizodické poruchy chůze, které sužují život až 89 % všech pacientů s Parkinsonovou nemocí. Freezing je epizodickou poruchou chůze, při které dochází k náhlému zárazu pohybu a neschopnosti vykonat efektivní krok. Cueingová terapie je celosvětově známou a používanou terapií pro akutní terapii freezingu, která využívá zevních podnětů pro usnadnění pohybu. I přesto, že klinický efekt cueingu je již popsán v celé řadě studií, mechanizmus jejího účinku zatím nebyl zcela objasněn.

Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with an increasing trend worldwide. One of the characteristic motor manifestations of the disease are continuous and episodic gait disorders, which affect the lives of up to 89% of all patients with Parkinson's disease. Freezing is an episodic gait disorder characterised as a sudden cessation of movement and an inability to take an effective step. Cueing therapy is a worldwide known and used therapy for acute freezing, which uses external stimuli to facilitate movement. Although the clinical effect of cueing has been described in a number of studies, its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated.

• Klíčová slova
• freezing, cueing,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek MeSH
• neurologické poruchy chůze * patofyziologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc komplikace   MeSH
• podněty MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• afázie * psychologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc psychologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• asociační učení MeSH
• demence * psychologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• experimenty na lidech MeSH
• jazykové testy normy   MeSH
• kognitivní poruchy psychologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychologické modely * MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The present research was motivated by the routine digital media practice of producing page layouts as composite images that include several unrelated pictures. We investigated whether or how visually highlighting affective and positional components of pictures in a viewer's field of vision might influence viewer perception and evaluation of the composite image. We examined combinations of visual, spatial, and affective features of cues in composite images to learn whether they affected the viewer's attentional capture of other affective information in the composite image and viewer's affective evaluations. The manipulation check of the feature combinations (positive/negative affect, presence/absence of highlighted color, central/peripheral position) showed significant effects of these features and their interactions on viewers' eye movements. On the other hand, we observed only a small effect on viewers' affective evaluations. Our results suggested that media page layout designers might manipulate the viewer's attention by visual and positional adjustments of affective components in composite images. Future researchers might use this study's design to better understand the human perception of real media images.

• MeSH
• afekt fyziologie   MeSH
• arousal fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• podněty * MeSH
• pohyby očí fyziologie   MeSH
• pozornost fyziologie   MeSH
• světelná stimulace MeSH
• učení fyziologie   MeSH
• zraková percepce fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• sLORETA program,
• MeSH
• akustická stimulace metody   MeSH
• chůze fyziologie   MeSH
• elektroencefalografie metody   MeSH
• fyzikální stimulace metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mapování mozku metody   MeSH
• mozková kůra diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• neurologické poruchy chůze rehabilitace   MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc * diagnostické zobrazování   rehabilitace   MeSH
• podněty MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinické zkoušky MeSH

BACKGROUND: Gait disturbances have emerged as some of the main therapeutic concerns in late-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) treated with dopaminergic therapy and deep brain stimulation (DBS). External cues may help to overcome freezing of gait (FOG) and improve some of the gait parameters. AIM: To evaluate the effect of 3D visual cues and STN-DBS on gait in PD group. METHODS: We enrolled 35 PD patients treated with DBS of nucleus subthalamicus (STN-DBS). Twenty-five patients (5 females; mean age 58.9 ±6.3) and 25 sex- and age-matched controls completed the gait examination. The gait in 10 patients deteriorated in OFF state. The severity of PD was evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and Hoehn and Yahr (HY). The PD group filled the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES) and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ). Gait was examined using the GaitRite Analysis System, placed in the middle of the 10m marked path. The PD group was tested without dopaminergic medication with and without visual cueing together with the DBS switched ON and OFF. The setting of DBS was double-blind and performed in random order. RESULTS: The UPDRS was 21.9 ±9.5 in DBS ON state and 41.3 ±13.7 in DBS OFF state. HY was 2.5 ±0.6, FES 12.4 ±4.1 and FOGQ 9.4 ±5.7. In the DBS OFF state, PD group walked more slowly with shorter steps, had greater step length variability and longer duration of the double support phase compared to healthy controls. The walking speed and step length increased in the DBS ON state. The double support phase was reduced with 3D visual cueing and DBS; the combination of both cueing and DBS was even more effective. CONCLUSION: Cueing with 3D visual stimuli shortens the double support phase in PD patients treated with DBS-STN. The DBS is more effective in prolonging step length and increasing gait speed. We conclude that 3D visual cueing can improve walking in patients with DBS.

• MeSH
• chůze (způsob) fyziologie   MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• hluboká mozková stimulace MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurologické poruchy chůze patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• nucleus subthalamicus patofyziologie   MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• podněty * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that exposure to cues of intentional agents in the form of eyes can increase prosocial behavior. However, previous research mostly used 2-dimensional depictions as experimental stimuli. Thus far no study has examined the influence of the spatial properties of agency cues on this prosocial effect. To investigate the role of dimensionality of agency cues on fairness, 345 participants engaged in a decision-making task in a naturalistic setting. The experimental treatment included a 3-dimensional pseudo-realistic model of a human head and a 2-dimensional picture of the same object. The control stimuli consisted of a real plant and its 2-D image. Our results partly support the findings of previous studies that cues of intentional agents increase prosocial behavior. However, this effect was only found for the 3-D cues, suggesting that dimensionality is a critical variable in triggering these effects in a real-world settings. Our research sheds light on a hitherto unexplored aspect of the effects of environmental cues and their morphological properties on decision-making.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• podněty MeSH
• rozhodování MeSH
• sociální chování MeSH
• sociální spravedlnost psychologie   MeSH
• světelná stimulace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In aquatic systems, chemical cues are one of the major sources of information through which animals can assess local predation risk. Non-native red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) have the potential to disrupt aquatic ecosystems in Central Europe because of their superior competitive abilities and omnivorous diets. In this study, we examined whether continuous predator-borne cues are tied to changes in the developmental rates, growth rates and sizes at metamorphosis of common frog tadpoles (Rana temporaria). Our results show rather rarely documented types of amphibian prey responses to caged predators. The presence of turtles shortened the time at metamorphosis of tadpoles from 110 ± 11.7 days to 93 ± 13.0 days (mean ± S.D.). The first metamorphosed individuals were recorded on the 65th day and on the 80th day from hatching in the predator treatment and in the control group, respectively. The froglets were significantly smaller (12.8 ± 0.99 mm) in the presence of the predator than in the control treatment (15.2 ± 1.27 mm). The growth rate trajectories were similar between the predator treatment and the control. Thus, predator-induced tadpole defences were evident in higher developmental rates and smaller sizes at metamorphosis without significant changes in growth.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• biologická proměna * MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• podněty * MeSH
• predátorské chování * MeSH
• žáby fyziologie   MeSH
• želvy fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The active place avoidance task is used in the research of spatial cognition. Rats are trained on a rotating arena to avoid an aversive stimulus delivered in a part of the room while being transported toward it by the arena rotation. The task tests the ability of rats to navigate with respect to distal cues in the room and to ignore confusing cues on the arena. The demand for cue segregation makes the task suitable for studying neural mechanisms responsible for cognitive coordination. An incidental observation made in our laboratory implied that overtrained rats may be able to solve the task without the room-bound cues. The aim of this study was to test this observation. The room-bound cues were hidden by switching off the lights. Rats trained only in darkness did not learn the task at all. Rats that were initially pre-trained in light performed considerably better. In a few exceptional dark sessions they even reached the level of performance observed in light. The rats needed the aversive stimuli to keep off the to-be-avoided sector. Without them, they continued their behavior, but with no spatial relationship to the to-be-avoided sector. We conclude that rats are able to solve the place avoidance task without the room-bound cues, but not as efficiently as in their presence.

• MeSH
• elektrický šok MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
• podněty * MeSH
• potkani Long-Evans MeSH
• prostorové učení * MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• tma MeSH
• učení vyhýbat se * MeSH
• zraková percepce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH