Analýza obalu dát predstavuje užitočný model kvantitatívnej ekonomickej analýzy pre hodnotenie efektívnosti produkčných jednotiek vo verejnom sektore, pre získanie ich usporiadania a odhalenia zdrojov neefektívnosti. Možnosti analýzy obalu dát na úrovni jednotlivej LDN sme ilustrovali na príklade jednej z liečební. Výsledky, ktoré sme získali týmito analýzami, by sme mali brať ako prvotnú informáciu o efektívnosti či neefektívnosti jednotlivých zariadení. Pre prax zaujímavejšie výsledky by bolo možné získať pri hodnotení na úrovni oddelení a pri dostupnosti informácií o prípadovom mixe liečených pacientov. Ďalšou zaujímavou analýzou by mohla byť analýza vývoja efektívnosti v čase. Limitovaná dostupnosť údajov o poskytovaných službách zatiaľ neumožňuje uskutočniť porovnanie efektívnosti a kvality poskytovateľov v českom zdravotníctve.

This paper deals with a non-parametric method for efficiency evaluation - data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA evaluates efficiency of production units with the help of mathematical programming by specifying the production frontier as the most pessimistic piecewise linear envelopment of the data. In case that a hospital is inefficient the method determines the sources of inefficiency and defines corresponding target values. In this study, we analyze the sample of Czech long-term hospitals in 2005.

• MeSH
• ekonometrické modely MeSH
• ekonomika nemocniční MeSH
• financování organizované využití   MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• komplexní management jakosti metody   trendy   využití   MeSH
• nemocnice pro chronická onemocnění ekonomika   MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The existence of geographic differences in health resources, health expenditures, the utilization of health services, and health outcomes have been documented by a lot of studies from various countries of the world. In a publicly financed health system, equal access is one of the main objectives of the national health policy. That is why inequalities in the geographic allocation of health resources are an important health policy issue. Measures of inequality express the complexity of variation in the observed variable by a single number, and there is a variety of inequality measures available. The objective of this study is to develop a measure of the geographic inequality in the case of multiple health resources. The measure uses data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is a non-parametric method of production function estimation, to transform multiple resources into a single virtual health resource. The study shows that the DEA originally developed for measuring efficiency can be used successfully to measure inequality. For the illustrative purpose, the inequality measure is calculated for the Czech Republic. The values of separate Robin Hood Indexes (RHIs) are 6.64% for physicians and 3.96% for nurses. In the next step, we use combined RHI for both health resources. Its value 5.06% takes into account that the combinations of two health resources serve regional populations.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The study focuses on evaluating the economic efficiency of professional football clubs. It builds on the Haas Study, which examines the effectiveness of individual clubs through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). DEA analyses different types of inputs and outputs for homogeneous production units (in this case football clubs). The thesis proposes the modification of this model. The author considers the initial “hometown population” contribution of Haas as particularly outdated with regard to the increasing commercialisation of professional football and globalisation of the market, where the size of demand is primarily determined by the global popularity measured in terms of interest of the fans, sponsors, and television broadcasting companies. The global popularity of the club can easily be estimated at present using the number of fans in social networks. The clubs reflect this target on the side of the outputs – “increase of the number of fans in the social network”. Facebook was chosen as the representative of the social networks. The proposed model is used in the paper for calculation of the economic efficiency of the participants in the English Premier League in the 2016–2017 season.

• MeSH
• fotbal * ekonomika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sociální sítě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Článek se věnuje návrhu automatického detektoru vybraných arytmií. Navržený algoritmus využívá spojitou vlnkovou transformaci (CWT) v kombinaci s analýzou její konturové obálky. Vlnková transformace byla využita v detektoru R vln, k rozlišení normálních a abnormálních stahů a pro detekci předčasných atriálních kontrakcí (APC) a předčasných komorových kontrakcí (PVC). Algoritmus byl ověřen rozsáhlým testováním na MIT/BIH databázi. Hledáním lokálních maxim ve vlnkové konturové obálce jsou účinně detekovány R vlny. Celková úspěšnost detekce testovaná na 48 půlhodinových signálech je 99,5 %. Byly otestovány dva typy klasifikace: 1. klasifikace založená na konturové obálce a detekci význačných bodů s celkovou úspěšností 94,6 %, 96,1 % pro sinusový rytmus (SR), 30,4 % pro APC, 71,2 % pro PVC a 2. lokalizace maxima umocněných koeficientů spojité vlnkové transformace v oblasti QRS komplexu k určení PVC mezi SR, blokádou pravého Tawarova raménka (RBBB), APC a dalšími arytmiemi s úzkým QRS komplexem s přesností 96,8 %.

This paper deals with design of an automatic detector for classification of selected cardiac arrhythmias. The proposed algorithms employ the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) combined with an analysis of its contour envelopes. The CWT was used in a detector of R-waves, to distinguish between normal and abnormal beats, and for detection of atrial premature contractions (APCs) and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). The algorithm was validated by extensive testing on the MIT/BIH database. Searching for a local maximum in wavelet contour envelopes efficiently detects R-peaks. The overall accuracy of its detection tested on 48 half-hour signals is 99.5%. Two types of classifications were tested: 1. classification based on the contour envelope and the detection of significant points with overall accuracy 94.6%, 96.1% for the sinus rhythm (SR), 30.4% APCs, 71.2% PVCs and 2. the localization of maximum of square modulus of CWT coefficients in the area of QRS complex for the determination of PVCs between SR, right bundle branch block (RBBB), APC and other narrow complex arrhythmias with the accuracy 96.8%.

• Klíčová slova
• EKG signál, vlnková transformace, kontury,
• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• automatizované zpracování dat metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• diagnóza počítačová metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• elektrokardiografie klasifikace   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• komorové extrasystoly diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• síňové extrasystoly diagnóza   MeSH
• srdeční arytmie diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Service life assessment of three historical building envelopes constructed using different types of sandstone is presented. At first, experimental measurements of material parameters of sandstones are performed to provide the necessary input data for a subsequent computational analysis. In the second step, the moisture and temperature fields across the studied envelopes are calculated for a representative period of time. The computations are performed using dynamic climatic data as the boundary conditions on the exterior side of building envelope. The climatic data for three characteristic localities are experimentally determined by the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute and contain hourly values of temperature, relative humidity, rainfalls, wind velocity and direction, and sun radiation. Using the measured durability properties of the analyzed sandstones and the calculated numbers of freeze/thaw cycles under different climatic conditions, the service life of the investigated building envelopes is assessed. The obtained results show that the climatic conditions can play a very significant role in the service life assessment of historical buildings, even in the conditions of such a small country as the Czech Republic. In addition, the investigations reveal the importance of the material characteristics of sandstones, in particular the hygric properties, on their service life in a structure.

• MeSH
• konstrukční materiály analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mechanické jevy MeSH
• teoretické modely MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The nuclear periphery (NP) plays a substantial role in chromatin organization. Heterochromatin at the NP is interspersed with active chromatin surrounding nuclear pore complexes (NPCs); however, details of the peripheral chromatin organization are missing. To discern the distribution of epigenetic marks at the NP of HeLa nuclei, we used structured illumination microscopy combined with a new MATLAB software tool for automatic NP and NPC detection, measurements of fluorescent intensity and statistical analysis of measured data. Our results show that marks for both active and non-active chromatin associate differentially with NPCs. The incidence of heterochromatin marks, such as H3K27me2 and H3K9me2, was significantly lower around NPCs. In contrast, the presence of marks of active chromatin such as H3K4me2 was only decreased very slightly around the NPCs or not at all (H3K9Ac). Interestingly, the histone demethylases LSD1 (also known as KDM1A) and KDM2A were enriched within the NPCs, suggesting that there was a chromatin-modifying mechanism at the NPCs. Inhibition of transcription resulted in a larger drop in the distribution of H1, H3K9me2 and H3K23me2, which implies that transcription has a role in the organization of heterochromatin at the NP.

• MeSH
• buněčné jádro metabolismus   MeSH
• chromatin chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• epigeneze genetická MeSH
• fluorescenční mikroskopie MeSH
• HeLa buňky MeSH
• heterochromatin chemie   MeSH
• histondemethylasy metabolismus   MeSH
• histony chemie   MeSH
• jaderný obal metabolismus   MeSH
• jaderný pór metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• software MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• mutační analýza DNA MeSH
• proteiny virového obalu genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční homologie nukleových kyselin MeSH
• virové receptory genetika   MeSH
• virus bovinní leukemie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

Tahyna virus (TAHV), a mosquito-borne bunyavirus (California group), is frequently associated with inapparent or influenza-like (Valtice fever) infections in humans, rarely leading to atypical pneumonia or meningitis. Field TAHV strains exhibit a high variability in their biological properties with respect to virulence for laboratory mouse, temperature-sensitivity or character of plaques in cell culture. In consideration of the variations in the antigenic properties TAHV and its potential genetic variability, we analyzed complete nucleotide sequences of the small (S) and medium (M) genomic segments of field TAHV strains with different combinations of phenotypic markers. S segment was highly conservative in all analyzed TAHV strains. Within the M segment, the highest variability was observed in the G(C) gene encoding viral envelope protein and to a less extent also in the NSm gene. However, 5' and 3' non-coding regions of M segment, as well as in G(N) gene exhibited highly conservative pattern, indicating its functional importance, but minor or no role in the determination of biological properties of TAHV field strains.

• MeSH
• 3' nepřekládaná oblast MeSH
• 5' nepřekládaná oblast MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• genom virový MeSH
• kalifornská encefalitida virologie   MeSH
• konzervovaná sekvence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• myši MeSH
• plakové testy MeSH
• proteiny virového obalu genetika   MeSH
• RNA virová genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• sekvenční homologie MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• viry kalifornské encefalitidy genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the causative agent of severe human neuroinfections that most commonly occur after a tick bite. N-Glycosylation of the TBEV envelope (E) glycoprotein is critical for virus egress in mammalian cells, but not in tick cells. In addition, glycans have been reported to mask specific antigenic sites from recognition by neutralizing antibodies. In this regard, the main purpose of our study was to investigate the profile of N-glycans linked to the E protein of TBEV when grown in human neuronal cells and compare it to the profile of virus grown in tick cells. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed significant differences in these profiles. High-mannose glycan with five mannose residues (Man5GlcNAc2), a complex biantennary galactosylated structure with core fucose (Gal2GlcNAc2Man3GlcNAc2Fuc), and a group of hybrid glycans with the composition Gal0-1GlcNAc1Man3-5GlcNAc2Fuc0-1 were confirmed as the main asparagine-linked oligosaccharides on the surface of TBEV derived from human neuronal cells. The observed pattern was supported by examination of the glycopeptides, providing additional information about the glycosylation site in the E protein. In contrast, the profile of TBEV grown in tick cells showed that paucimannose (Man3-4 GlcNAc2Fuc0-1) and high-mannose structures with five and six mannoses (Man5-6GlcNAc2) were major glycans on the viral surface. The reported results complement existing crystallography and cryoelectron tomography data on the E protein structure and could be instrumental for designing carbohydrate-binding antiviral agents active against TBEV.

• MeSH
• glykoproteiny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• glykosylace MeSH
• klíšťata virologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• proteiny virového obalu chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• viry klíšťové encefalitidy růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• bovinní respirační syncytiální virus genetika   imunologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• infekce respiračními syncytiálními viry epidemiologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• nemoci skotu epidemiologie   virologie   MeSH
• proteiny virového obalu MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH