dioxin Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Problém s dioxinem začal v roce 1991, když U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) oznámila, že na základě nových vědeckých poznatků je nutné přehodnotit zdravotní riziko expozice 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxinem (TCDD) a jemu chemicky podobným látkám, které označujeme jako dioxin. Tyto látky byly nalezeny ve všech kompartmentech životního prostředí a protože jsou velmi stálé a rozpouští se v tucích, mají schopnost akumulovat se v organismech vyšších živočichů - včetně člověka. . TCDD jako všudypřítomný polutant je vysoce toxický a představuje vážný zdravotní problém. Již velmi nízké koncentrace TCDD mohou mít negativní vliv na životní prostředí a lidské zdraví a nejvíce ohroženy jsou děti. Protože problém dioxinu je velmi často medializován a ne všechny informace o něm jsou správně vykládány, považujeme za nutné informovat zájemce o současných znalostech jeho biologické aktivity a zdravotního rizika.
The problem with dioxin began in 1991, when U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced that it would conduct a scientific reassessment of the health risks resulting from exposure to 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and chemically similar compounds collectively known as dioxin. They are found in all environmental compartments, are persistent and, being fat soluble, they tend to accumulate in higher animals - including humans. TCDD like a ubiquitous pollutant is highly toxic and represents serious health problem. Even very small TCDD concentrations can cause negative effects on the environment and on human health, in particular on the most vulnerable groups like children. Since the problem of dioxin is published very often and not all of information is right interpreted, we treat necessary to inform interested persons about recent knowledge of its biological activity and health risk.
Podán je stručný přehled dosavadních znalostí o vzniku 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxinu, jeho výskytu v zevním prostředí, předpokládaném mechanismu účinku na živý organismus, o výsledcích experimentálních, klinických a epidemiologických studií. Přidány vlastní poznatky z mnohaletého sledování skupiny profesionálně intoxikovaných osob.
The author presents a brief review of hitherto assembled knowledge on the development of 2,3,7,8tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxine, its incidence in the external environment, assumed mechanism of action on the living organism, on results of experimental, clinical and epidemiological studies. The author adds her own findings based on many years investigations of a group of subjects with occupati¬ onal intoxications.
- MeSH
- ekologie MeSH
- karcinogeny životního prostředí MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny toxicita MeSH
- teratogeny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Environmental health perspectives, ISSN 0091-6765 Supplement Vol. 103. 2
135-167 s. : tab. ; 30 cm
12 s. : tab. ; 19 cm
- MeSH
- databáze bibliografické MeSH
- dioxiny toxicita MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly MeSH
- znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- environmentální vědy
- toxikologie
- knihovnictví, informační věda a muzeologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
Záměr: Práce shrnuje neuropsychologické sledování zaměstnanců exponovaných TCDD při hromadné průmyslové intoxikaci v letech 1965-1968 v závodě vyrábějícím herbicidy. Soubor a metody: Asi 350 osob bylo exponovaných, u 80 dělníků se projevily známky otravy. V letech 1996 a 2001 bylo vyšetřeno vždy 13 mužů, v r. 2004 14 mužů, v roce 2008 10 mužů. Byly hodnoceny 1. základní kognitivní výkonnost (WAIS-R), 2. paměť, pozornost, exekutivní funkce (WMS, HRNB, WCST a další), 3. sebeposouzení vyšetřovaných osob, 4. symptomová validita (TOMM, Retest Consistency Index –RCI a vzorec výkonů v subtestech Opakování čísel a Slovník). Statistická analýza: Použity byly deskriptivní metody a Spearmanova pořadová korelace. Výsledky: I čtyřicet let po intoxikaci byla ve skupině vyšetřovaných hladina TCDD v tuku 100x vyšší než v obecné populaci. Po celou dobu sledování byly v souboru doklady neuropsychologického oslabení především exekutivních fukcí. Byly zjištěny významné korelace mezi hladinami TCDD a neuropsychologickými výkony. Omezení studie: Malý rozsah souboru omezuje možnost zobecnění výsledků. Nicméně jsou v souladu s řadou citovaných prací.
- Klíčová slova
- neuropsychologické oslabení, TCDD,
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- neuropsychologie metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- pracovní expozice statistika a číselné údaje škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
This study aimed at evaluating and comparing five integrative samplers for the monitoring of indicator and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water: semi-permeable membrane device (SPMD), silicone rubber, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) strip, Chemcatcher and a continuous-flow integrative sampler (CFIS). These samplers were spiked with performance reference compounds (PRCs) and then simultaneously exposed under constant agitation and temperature in a 200 L stainless steel tank for periods ranging from one day to three months. A constant PCB concentration of about 1 ng·L(-1) was achieved by immersing a large amount of silicone rubber sheets ("dosing sheets") spiked with the target PCBs. The uptake of PCBs in the five samplers showed overall good repeatability and their accumulation was linear with time. The samplers SPMD, silicone rubber and LDPE strip were the most promising in terms of achieving low limits of quantification. Time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of PCBs in water were estimated from uptake of PCBs using the sampling rates calculated from the release of PRCs. Except for Chemcatcher, a good agreement was found between the different samplers and TWA concentrations ranged between 0.4 and 2.8 times the nominal water concentration. Finally, the influence of calculation methods (sampler-water partition coefficients, selected PRCs, models) on final TWA concentrations was studied.
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- dioxiny analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- voda chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Changes in pollutant loads in relatively dynamic river sediments, which contain very complex mixtures of compounds, can play a crucial role in the fate and effects of pollutants in fluvial ecosystems. The contamination of sediments by bioactive substances can be sensitively assessed by in vitro bioassays. This is the first study that characterizes detailed short- and long-term changes in concentrations of contaminants with several modes of action in river sediments. One-year long monthly study described seasonal and spatial variability of contamination of sediments in a representative industrialized area by dioxin-like and endocrine disruptive chemicals. There were significant seasonal changes in both antiandrogenic and androgenic as well as dioxin-like potential of river sediments, while there were no general seasonal trends in estrogenicity. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-dependent potency (dioxin-like potency) expressed as biological TCDD-equivalents (BIOTEQ) was in the range of 0.5-17.7 ng/g, dry mass (dm). The greatest BIOTEQ levels in sediments were observed during winter, particularly at locations downstream of the industrial area. Estrogenicity expressed as estradiol equivalents (EEQ) was in the range of 0.02-3.8 ng/g, dm. Antiandrogenicity was detected in all samples, while androgenic potency in the range of 0.7-16.8 ng/g, dm dihydrotestosterone equivalents (DHT-EQ) was found in only 30 % of samples, most often during autumn, when antiandrogenicity was the least. PAHs were predominant contaminants among analyzed pollutants, responsible, on average, for 13-21 % of BIOTEQ. Longer-term changes in concentrations of BIOTEQ corresponded to seasonal fluctuations, whereas for EEQ, the inter-annual changes at some locations were greater than seasonal variability during 1 year. The inter- as well as intra-annual variability in concentrations of both BIOTEQ and EEQ at individual sites was greater in spring than in autumn which was related to hydrological conditions in the river. This study stresses the importance of river hydrology and its seasonal variations in the design of effective sampling campaigns, as well as in the interpretation of any monitoring results.
- MeSH
- biotest MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- chemické znečištění vody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- dioxiny analýza MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory analýza MeSH
- geologické sedimenty chemie MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny analýza MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- receptory aromatických uhlovodíků MeSH
- řeky chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) belongs to the category of highly toxic, persistent organic pollutants that accumulate in animal fat and plant tissues. Today, background TCDD levels in human fat are showing a decreasing trend. The food chain is the main source of exposure in the human population. TCDD regulates the expression of a wide range of drug-metabolizing enzymes and has an impact on a large number of biological systems. The most pronounced effects have occurred in occupational settings following the uncontrolled formation of TCDD after industrial accidents, as well as in rare intentional intoxications. Although the acute effects of TCDD exposure are well described in the literature, the long-term consequences have been underevaluated. The most well-known symptoms of severe acute intoxication are chloracne, porphyria, transient hepatotoxicity, and peripheral and central neurotoxicity. Because of the long-term persistence of TCDD in the human body, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, vascular ocular changes, and signs of neural system damage, including neuropsychological impairment, can be present several decades after massive exposure. Such chronic effects are nonspecific, multifactorial, and may be causally linked to TCDD only in heavily intoxicated subjects. This opinion is supported by the dose-dependent effect of TCDD found in exposed workers and by experimental animal studies.
- MeSH
- ateroskleróza chemicky indukované MeSH
- diabetes mellitus chemicky indukované MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hypertenze chemicky indukované MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci nervového systému chemicky indukované MeSH
- oční nemoci chemicky indukované MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny toxicita MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study, performed in 2008, was to evaluate the consequences of severe occupational intoxication with 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) that occurred during production of the herbicide trichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the period 1965-1968. DESIGN: Examination of 11 men, mean age 64.4+/-1.5 years, included: internal and neurological examination, eye fundus examination, TCDD in plasma, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), testosterone and serum lipids, ultrasonography of the carotid artery, nerve conduction study (NCS), electroencephalography (EEG), visual evoked potential (VEP), Lanthony test of acquired visual impairment, single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) of the brain, neuropsychological examination and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), a marker of chronic ethanol intake. RESULTS: Mean TCDD level in 2008 was still 274.0+/-181.2 pg/g blood lipids (reference level is 2-3 pg/g). All (100%) patients had residues of chloracne/chloracne consequences, atherosclerotic changes on the eye fundus and plaques in the carotid arteries. Progression of intima-media thickness (IMT) from a mean of 0.84+/-0.14 mm in 2003 to 1.09+/-0.18 mm in 2008 was observed. Ninety-one per cents of patients had impairment in SPECT of the brain; and 55% of patients had hyperfixation of the perfusion indicator as a measure of increased neuronal activity. Additionally, 91 % of patients were treated for hyperlipidaemia, 73 % for hypertension, 55 % for diabetes type 2, 45 % for ischemic heart disease, and 36 % for psychological disorders. The Lanthony test demonstrated acquired dyschromatopsia in 80 % of patients. Mean colour confusion index (CCI) was 1.438, which indicates impairment since 2003, when the index was 1.302. CDT was in the normal range and did not correlate with CCI. Neuropsychological status appeared stabilized in all 8 patients examined, with impairment in one or more parameter (memory, attention, verbal fluency, psychomotor speed, motorics) in comparison to the norm. CONCLUSION: Forty years after intoxication, the blood level of TCDD is still 100 times higher than in the general population. Other PCDD/Fs were not elevated. A high percentage of subjects suffer from neurological and vascular disorders. No association of alcohol consumption with neurological impairment was seen, and the highly significant correlation between CCI and TCDD blood concentration suggests that acquired colour impairment was associated with TCDD but not with alcohol consumption. IMT significantly increased during past 5 years. The patients obviously need complex treatment, including intense hypolipidaemic and antidepressant therapy.
- MeSH
- cholesterol krev MeSH
- chronická nemoc epidemiologie MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí krev toxicita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny krev toxicita MeSH
- pracovní expozice MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- triglyceridy krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH