dixeny Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Many high-quality genomes are available for dixenous (two hosts) trypanosomatid species of the genera Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Phytomonas, but only fragmentary information is available for monoxenous (single-host) trypanosomatids. In trypanosomatids, monoxeny is ancestral to dixeny, thus it is anticipated that the genome sequences of the key monoxenous parasites will be instrumental for both understanding the origin of parasitism and the evolution of dixeny. Here, we present a high-quality genome for Leptomonas pyrrhocoris, which is closely related to the dixenous genus Leishmania. The L. pyrrhocoris genome (30.4 Mbp in 60 scaffolds) encodes 10,148 genes. Using the L. pyrrhocoris genome, we pinpointed genes gained in Leishmania. Among those genes, 20 genes with unknown function had expression patterns in the Leishmania mexicana life cycle suggesting their involvement in virulence. By combining differential expression data for L. mexicana, L. major and Leptomonas seymouri, we have identified several additional proteins potentially involved in virulence, including SpoU methylase and U3 small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein IMP3. The population genetics of L. pyrrhocoris was also addressed by sequencing thirteen strains of different geographic origin, allowing the identification of 1,318 genes under positive selection. This set of genes was significantly enriched in components of the cytoskeleton and the flagellum.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- energetický metabolismus genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genom protozoální genetika MeSH
- genová ontologie MeSH
- Leishmania klasifikace genetika patogenita MeSH
- molekulární evoluce * MeSH
- protozoální geny genetika MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese metody MeSH
- Trypanosomatina klasifikace genetika patogenita MeSH
- virulence genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Trypanosomes and leishmanias are widely known parasites of humans. However, they are just two out of several phylogenetic lineages that constitute the family Trypanosomatidae. Although dixeny - the ability to infect two hosts - is a derived trait of vertebrate-infecting parasites, the majority of trypanosomatids are monoxenous. Like their common ancestor, the monoxenous Trypanosomatidae are mostly parasites or commensals of insects. This review covers recent advances in the study of insect trypanosomatids, highlighting their diversity as well as genetic, morphological and biochemical complexity, which, until recently, was underappreciated. The investigation of insect trypanosomatids is providing an important foundation for understanding the origin and evolution of parasitism, including colonization of vertebrates and the appearance of human pathogens.
1. elektronické vydání 1 online zdroj (408 stran)
LŽI, SMRT A TEMNOTA NA DVOŘE VE VERSAILLES. Co kdyby Ludvík XIV. nezemřel v roce 1715? Co kdyby se Král Slunce stal Králem Temnoty? Z tohoto bodu vychází alternativní historie z geniální mysli Victora Dixena. Ten ve své nové sáze Vampyria rozehrává děsivý a dechberoucí příběh, z něhož běhá mráz po zádech, vsazený do přítmí Velkého století, které nechce zemřít.
