• MeSH
• genetika MeSH
• geny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poruchy sexuálního vývoje MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

• MeSH
• lékařská genetika MeSH
• sexuální diferenciace MeSH
• urogenitální systém patologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• genetické nemoci vrozené MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese * MeSH

• Konspekt
• Obecná genetika. Obecná cytogenetika. Evoluce
• NLK Obory
• genetika, lékařská genetika
• biologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• elektronické časopisy

• MeSH
• analýza určování pohlaví MeSH
• endokrinologie trendy   MeSH
• procesy určující pohlaví MeSH
• testy funkce vaječníku MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NLK Obory
• endokrinologie
• reprodukční lékařství
• fyziologie

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• genetické jevy MeSH
• represe-senzibilizace MeSH

Syndromologie je diagnostická metoda charakterizována analýzou fenotypu podle skupin příznaků,vyskytujících se obvykle u určitého syndromu společně.V analýze fenotypu jsou významné tzv.signálními příznaky často se projevující na hlavě a rukách,které nám dovolí zúžit okruh afekcí v diferenciální diagnostice uvažovaných afekcí. Etiologicky se jedná o afekce plně či částečně geneticky determinované –teratogenní embryopatie,chromozomální aberace numerické i strukturální a genové mutace.

Syndromology belongs to diagnostic methods based on the analysis of phenotypic (clinical or anatomical – dysmorphics)features,which occur very often together and have a common etiology (e.g.teratogenic embryopathy, numerical and structural chromosomal aberrations or gene mutations).In the phenotype analysis important appear so-called signal features,which enable to narrow the range of possible disorders for the differential diagnosis of the assumptive diseases.

• MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• genetické markery genetika   MeSH
• syndrom MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• exprese genu MeSH
• hyperlipoproteinemie typ II etiologie   genetika   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lipoproteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• vrozené poruchy metabolismu tuků diagnóza   genetika   terapie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Background and Aims: Over very short spatial scales, the habitat of a species can differ in multiple abiotic and biotic factors. These factors may impose natural selection on several traits and can cause genetic differentiation within a population. We studied multivariate genetic differentiation in a plant species of a sand dune landscape by linking environmental variation with differences in genotypic trait values and gene expression levels to find traits and candidate genes of microgeographical adaptation. Methods: Maternal seed families of Arabidopsis lyrata were collected in Saugatuck Dunes State Park, Michigan, USA, and environmental parameters were recorded at each collection site. Offspring plants were raised in climate chambers and exposed to one of three temperature treatments: regular occurrence of frost, heat, or constant control conditions. Several traits were assessed: plant growth, time to flowering, and frost and heat resistance. Key Results: The strongest trait-environment association was between a fast switch to sexual reproduction and weaker growth under frost, and growing in the open, away from trees. The second strongest association was between the trait combination of small plant size and early flowering under control conditions combined with large size under frost, and the combination of environmental conditions of growing close to trees, at low vegetation cover, on dune bottoms. Gene expression analysis by RNA-seq revealed candidate genes involved in multivariate trait differentiation. Conclusions: The results support the hypothesis that in natural populations, many environmental factors impose selection, and that they affect multiple traits, with the relative direction of trait change being complex. The results highlight that heterogeneity in the selection environment over small spatial scales is a main driver of the maintenance of adaptive genetic variation within populations.

• MeSH
• Arabidopsis genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace * MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• genetický drift MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• květy genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• podnebí MeSH
• rozmnožování MeSH
• selekce (genetika) MeSH
• semena rostlinná genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• životní prostředí MeSH
• zvláštnosti životní historie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Populations of Liparus glabrirostris (Curculionidae: Molytinae), a weevil inhabiting higher altitudes of Central Europe, were sampled from 24 localities in the Alps and Carpathian Mountains, and the geographical structuring of genetic variation was analyzed. Comparison of the concatenated mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and subunit II sequences revealed consistent genetic divergence between the populations of L. glabrirostris from different mountain ranges. In phylogenetic analysis using maximum parsimony and median-joining networks, concatenated mitochondrial haplotypes from the Alps and Carpathians clustered as separate lineages, with high bootstrap support. Substantial genetic distances determined between the separated groups ranged from 2.6 to 3.0%, with divergence estimated to have initiated approximately 0.85-0.98 million years ago. The nuclear elongation factor 1α gene was additionally amplified and haplotype analysis showed very low evolutionary divergence (0.2%), with separate clustering as well. The observed divergence suggests that the populations have been isolated for a long time, as a consequence of environmental changes resulting in varying fragmentation of habitats in the Alps and Carpathians, interrupting genetic exchange events and altering the genetic structure of L. glabrirostris populations. On the other hand, comparison of morphological characteristics showed no differences to confirm genetically well differentiated groups of populations. A polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism-based method was therefore developed to discriminate between the Alpine and Carpathian lineages.

• MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fylogeografie MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• haplotypy MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA chemie   MeSH
• nosatcovití anatomie a histologie   genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• sociální izolace MeSH
• vznik druhů (genetika) MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Maturation of blood cells depends on dramatic changes of expression profiles of specific genes. Although these changes have been extensively studied, their functional outcomes often remain unclear. In this study, we explored the identity and function of an unknown protein that was greatly overexpressed in v-myb-transformed BM2 monoblasts undergoing differentiation to macrophage-like cells. We identified this protein as vimentin, the intermediate filament protein. We show that an increased level of vimentin protein results from activation of the vimentin gene promoter occurring in monoblastic cells induced to differentiate by multiple agents. Furthermore, our studies reveal that the vimentin gene promoter is stimulated by Myb and Jun proteins, the key transcriptional regulators of myeloid maturation. Silencing of vimentin gene expression using siRNA markedly suppressed the ability of BM2 cells to form macrophage polykaryons active in phagocytosis and producing reactive oxygen species. Taken together, these findings document that up-regulation of vimentin gene expression is important for formation of fully active macrophage-like cells and macrophage polykaryons.

• MeSH
• 2D gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• fibroblasty MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• geny jun genetika   MeSH
• hematopoéza genetika   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• křepelky a křepelovití MeSH
• kur domácí MeSH
• makrofágy cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• monocyty cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• onkogenní proteiny v-myb genetika   MeSH
• promotorové oblasti (genetika) imunologie   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-jun fyziologie   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• tetradekanoylforbolacetát MeSH
• transformované buněčné linie MeSH
• transkripční faktory genetika   MeSH
• upregulace MeSH
• vimentin fyziologie   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH