Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, ISSN 0077-8923 Volume 213, Issue 1, November 1973
246 stran : ilustrace ; 23 cm
- Publication type
- Collected Work MeSH
- MeSH
- Agglutination Tests MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Vibrio cholerae immunology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
Popisujeme případ 71letého pacienta s neoplazií štítné žlázy s imunohistochemicky prokázaným smíšeným folikulo-medulárním karcinomem. V literatuře je smíšený folikulo- medulární karcinom štítné žlázy dokumentován od roku 1990, nicméně je velice vzácný. V současné době dominuje názor, že tato koincidence není náhodným jevem, ale v některých případech je výsledkem působení společných onkogenních faktorů na různé buněčné linie. Tuto představu podporuje i anamnéza uvedeného pacienta, který se před osmi měsíci podrobil excizi melanomu v temporální oblasti a je po tomto výkonu na dlouhodobé imunoterapii interferonem α.
We are describing a case history of 71 years old patient with a thyroidal neoplasm - immunohistochemically proven heterogeneous follicular and medullar carcinoma. Follicular and medullar thyroidal carcinoma has been documented in literature since 1990; nevertheless it has been very rare. Predominant opinion nowadays is that such coincidence is not accidental but in some cases it is rather caused by the effect of common oncogenic factors on different cell lines. The patient underwent the excision of melanoma in a temporal region 8 months ago and following the procedure he was treated with a long term immunotherapy consisting of interferon α. Authors believe that the presented case history supports the above mentioned conception.
- MeSH
- Algorithms MeSH
- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures methods MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Fibrinolysis methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Pleural Effusion diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Streptokinase administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
Východisko. Difuzní velkobuněčné B lymfomy tvoří heterogenní skupinu lymfomů, která zahrnuje různé nádory odlišující se původem,morfologickým obrazema klinickým chováním. Difuzní velkobuněčné Blymfomy jsou nověji členěny do dvou velkých, prognosticky relevantních podskupin s odlišnou genovou expresí. Zatím však nebyly detegovány klíčové geny, jejichž vyšetření by umožnilo tyto lymfomy typizovat v běžné diagnostické praxi. Cílem práce bylo sledovat genetické změny a expresi několika genů zúčastněných na onkogenezi velkobuněčných lymfomů. Metody a výsledky. V práci jsme analyzovali soubor 31 nemocných s difuzními velkobuněčnými B lymfomy, u kterých jsme měli k dispozici základní klinická data včetně sledování v průběhu nemoci. V imunohistochemickém vyšetření jsme použili panel protilátek proti CD20, CD79a, BCL-2, CD10, Ki-67 a TP53. Metodou FISH jsme vyšetřovali translokaci t(14;18) a zlom v oblasti genu BCL6 (3q27) signalizující translokace t(3;?) s variabilními translokačními partnery. Metodou PCR jsme vyšetřovali translokaci t(14;18) a klonální přestavbu těžkého řetězce imunoglobulinu a lehkého řetězce kappa. Závěry. Exprese BCL-2 proteinu souvisela s klinicky nepříznivým průběhemchoroby. Exprese ostatních vyšetřených markerů s klinickým chováním nádorů nekorelovala jednoznačně. Nádory, které měly histogenetickou souvislost s folikulárním lymfomem (kompozitní nádory tvořené velkobuněčným difuzním a folikulárním lymfomem) měly v souboru zřetelně vyšší mortalitu než nádory vzniklé de novo. S nepříznivým průběhem choroby souvisely rovněž vyšší hodnoty Mezinárodního prognostického indexu (IPI).
Background. Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas represent a heterogeneous group of tumors with a different origin, morphological findings and a variable clinical prognosis. These tumors have been recently classified into two prognostically relevant subgroups differing in the gene expression. The key genes suitable for routine diagnostics of DLBCL have not been yet identified. The aim of this work was to study changes and expression of several genes and proteins participating in the genesis of DLBCL. Methods and Results. We analysed a group of 31 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Basic clinical data including follow-up of the patients were available. Tumors were examined by a panel of immunohistochemical reactions with antibodies against CD20, CD79a, BCL-2, BCL-6, CD10, Ki-67 and TP53. FISH was used to detect a translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) and/or a break in BCL6 region (3q27) suggestive of a translocation with a variable translocation partner t(3;?). PCR was utilized to detect the translocation t(14;18) and a clonal rearrangement of heavy and/or kappa chain of the immunoglobin genes. Conclusions. The expression of BCL-2 protein appeared to correlate with a higher mortality rate. The expression of other proteins examined in the study did not correspond significantly with the clinical development of the disease. Tumors with follicular lymphoma as a component had significantly higher mortality rate than the tumors developing de novo. Moreover, higher mortality was evident in cases with higher values of the International Prognostic Index (IPI).
- MeSH
- Lymphoma, B-Cell diagnosis genetics MeSH
- Gene Expression MeSH
- Research Support as Topic MeSH
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence methods MeSH
- Immunohistochemistry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Polymerase Chain Reaction methods MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
- MeSH
- Agglutination Tests MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Vibrio cholerae immunology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
BACKGROUND: In neuroblastoma (NB), the most powerful prognostic marker, the MYCN amplification (MNA), occasionally shows intratumoural heterogeneity (ITH), i.e. coexistence of MYCN-amplified and non-MYCN-amplified tumour cell clones, called heterogeneous MNA (hetMNA). Prognostication and therapy allocation are still unsolved issues. METHODS: The SIOPEN Biology group analysed 99 hetMNA NBs focussing on the prognostic significance of MYCN ITH. RESULTS: Patients <18 months (18 m) showed a better outcome in all stages as compared to older patients (5-year OS in localised stages: <18 m: 0.95 ± 0.04, >18 m: 0.67 ± 0.14, p = 0.011; metastatic: <18 m: 0.76 ± 0.15, >18 m: 0.28 ± 0.09, p = 0.084). The genomic 'background', but not MNA clone sizes, correlated significantly with relapse frequency and OS. No relapses occurred in cases of only numerical chromosomal aberrations. Infiltrated bone marrows and relapse tumour cells mostly displayed no MNA. However, one stage 4s tumour with segmental chromosomal aberrations showed a homogeneous MNA in the relapse. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a rationale for the necessary distinction between heterogeneous and homogeneous MNA. HetMNA tumours have to be evaluated individually, taking age, stage and, most importantly, genomic background into account to avoid unnecessary upgrading of risk/overtreatment, especially in infants, as well as in order to identify tumours prone to developing homogeneous MNA.
- MeSH
- Gene Amplification * MeSH
- Survival Analysis MeSH
- Genetic Heterogeneity MeSH
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neuroblastoma genetics MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein genetics MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Infant MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
Heterogeneous radical polymerizations include several polymerization techniques allowing to prepare polymer particles from various vinyl monomers. These polymerizations, namely suspension, dispersion, precipitation, and emulsion polymerization, as well as swelling techniques, have been widely used for the lab- and industrial-scale preparation of important polymers, for example polystyrene, poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene), poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl chloride), polymethacrylates. Typical characteristics of each of the polymerizations predetermine a selection of monomer, initiator, solvent, stabilization, and define the final particle size, particle size distribution, and particle morphology. On the other hand, they also limit the utilization of the given polymerization. In the first part of the review, the basic polymerization techniques for the preparation of microparticles were described. The second part of the review is dedicated to the fundamental theoretical and practical features and specific aspects of emulsion polymerizations, which are used for the preparation of various polymer particles having their size in the nanometer range.
