mecC
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V období let 2007 až 2016 bylo v Národní Referenční laboratoři pro antibiotika, analyzováno 682 kmenů Staphy-lococcus aureus rezistentních k meticilinu/oxacilinu (MRSA). Základním kritériem pro vyšetření MRSA-mecCkmenů byla velikost inhibiční zóny diskové difúzní metody u cefoxitinu (< 22 mm). 15 (2%) izolátů bylo deteko-váno jako mecC positivní MRSAkmens vrcholem detekce v roce 2015. Záchyt těchto kmenů odráží situacitýkající se zejména invazivních materiálů, jelikož tyto jsou preferenčně zasílány do NRL pro ATB v rámci studieEARS-NET.
In 2007 to 2016, 682 isolates of methicillin/oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were analyzed inthe National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics. A cefoxitin inhibition zone diameter of < 22 mm in the diskdiffusion test was the main criterion for mecC screening. Altogether, 15 (2%) mecC-positive MRSA isolates wereidentified, with a peak of detection in 2015. This result reflects the fact that invasive specimens in particular arepreferentially referred to the National Laboratory within the EARS-NET study.
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus * genetika izolace a purifikace patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- oxacilin MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- tabulky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology, ISSN 1077-4114 Volume 20, Supplement 1, November 2008
17 stran ; 28 cm
Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology, ISSN 1077-4114 Volume 29, Supplement 1, June 2007
22 stran ; 28 cm
The aim of this study was to detect and characterize isolates of methicillin-/oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carrying gene mecC (MRSA/mecC) and occurring in the Czech Republic within the period from 2002 to 2017. Altogether, 18 from 3,472 isolates of MRSA were mecC positive (0.52%). The first detection of MRSA/mecC in the Czech Republic is dated to 2004. MRSA/mecC isolates were susceptible to almost all tested antibiotics with few exceptions. Resistances to erythromycin (n = 2), clindamycin (n = 1), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (n = 1), and rifampicin (n = 1) were found in the collection. Multilocus sequence typing and spa typing revealed a genetic heterogeneity of MRSA/mecC strains: three CCs (130, 425, and 2361), five STs (1245, 130, 2361, 425, and a new ST5480), and eight spa types (t843, t978, t1048, t1535, t1736, t6104, t8842, and t17153), which were detected in the study, with the highest prevalence of CC130/t843 lineage (n = 8, 44%). Except for two strains, none from 18 examined isolates harbored genes encoding any of S. aureus toxins: enterotoxins a-u, exfoliative toxins A, B, and D, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, and the Panton-Valentine leukocidin.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální geny genetika MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- methicilin rezistentní Staphylococcus aureus genetika MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
- oxacilin farmakologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- proteiny vázající penicilin metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Two Gram-stain-positive, coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains were isolated from abiotic sources comprising stone fragments and sandy soil in James Ross Island, Antarctica. Here, we describe properties of a novel species of the genus Staphylococcus that has a 16S rRNA gene sequence nearly identical to that of Staphylococcus saprophyticus However, compared to S. saprophyticus and the next closest relatives, the new species demonstrates considerable phylogenetic distance at the whole-genome level, with an average nucleotide identity of <85% and inferred DNA-DNA hybridization of <30%. It forms a separate branch in the S. saprophyticus phylogenetic clade as confirmed by multilocus sequence analysis of six housekeeping genes, rpoB, hsp60, tuf, dnaJ, gap, and sod Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and key biochemical characteristics allowed these bacteria to be distinguished from their nearest phylogenetic neighbors. In contrast to S. saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus, the novel strains are pyrrolidonyl arylamidase and β-glucuronidase positive and β-galactosidase negative, nitrate is reduced, and acid produced aerobically from d-mannose. Whole-genome sequencing of the 2.69-Mb large chromosome revealed the presence of a number of mobile genetic elements, including the 27-kb pseudo-staphylococcus cassette chromosome mec of strain P5085T (ψSCCmecP5085), harboring the mecC gene, two composite phage-inducible chromosomal islands probably essential to adaptation to extreme environments, and one complete and one defective prophage. Both strains are resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, ceftazidime, methicillin, cefoxitin, and fosfomycin. We hypothesize that antibiotic resistance might represent an evolutionary advantage against beta-lactam producers, which are common in a polar environment. Based on these results, a novel species of the genus Staphylococcus is described and named Staphylococcus edaphicus sp. nov. The type strain is P5085T (= CCM 8730T = DSM 104441T).IMPORTANCE The description of Staphylococcus edaphicus sp. nov. enables the comparison of multidrug-resistant staphylococci from human and veterinary sources evolved in the globalized world to their geographically distant relative from the extreme Antarctic environment. Although this new species was not exposed to the pressure of antibiotic treatment in human or veterinary practice, mobile genetic elements carrying antimicrobial resistance genes were found in the genome. The genomic characteristics presented here elucidate the evolutionary relationships in the Staphylococcus genus with a special focus on antimicrobial resistance, pathogenicity, and survival traits. Genes encoded on mobile genetic elements were arranged in unique combinations but retained conserved locations for the integration of mobile genetic elements. These findings point to enormous plasticity of the staphylococcal pangenome, shaped by horizontal gene transfer. Thus, S. edaphicus can act not only as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance in a natural environment but also as a mediator for the spread and evolution of resistance genes.
- MeSH
- bakteriální geny fyziologie MeSH
- biologická adaptace genetika MeSH
- extrémně chladné počasí * MeSH
- extrémní prostředí * MeSH
- genomové ostrovy fyziologie MeSH
- Staphylococcus klasifikace genetika fyziologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Antarktida MeSH
We aimed to evaluate the clinical results and biocompatibility of the minimal extracorporeal circulation system (MECC) compared with off-pump coronary revascularization (OPCABG). METHODS AND RESULTS: In a prospective randomized study, 150 patients underwent coronary surgery with the use of MECC and 150 underwent OPCABG. End points were (1) circulating markers of inflammation and organ injury, (2) operative results, and (3) outcome at 1-year follow-up. Operative mortality and morbidity were comparable between the groups. Release of inflammatory markers was similar between groups at all time points (peak interleukin-6 167.2+/-13.5 versus 181+/-6.5 pg/mL, P=0.14, OPCABG versus MECC group, respectively). Peak creatine kinase was 419.3+/-103.5 versus 326+/-84.2 mg/dL (P=0.28), and peak S-100 protein was 0.13+/-0.08 versus 0.29+/-0.1 pg/mL (P=0.058, OPCABG versus MECC group, respectively). Length of hospital stay and use of blood products were similar between groups. Two cases of angina recurrence at 1 year in the MECC group were observed versus 5 cases observed in the OPCABG group (P=0.44). A residual perfusion defect at myocardial nuclear scan was less frequent among patients in the MECC group (3 versus 9 cases, P=0.14; odds ratio 0.32, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 1.32). Six (OPCABG group) versus 3 (MECC group) coronary grafts were occluded or severely stenotic at 1 year (P=0.33, odds ratio 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.09 to 2.14). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical results of coronary revascularization with MECC are optimal when this procedure is performed by experienced teams. Postoperative morbidity is comparable to that with OPCABG. MECC is associated with little pump-related systemic and organ injury. It may achieve the benefits of OPCABG (less morbidity in high-risk patients) while facilitating complete revascularization in the case of complex lesions unsuitable for OPCABG.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- interleukin-6 krev MeSH
- kardiopulmonální bypass metody mortalita MeSH
- koronární bypass bez mimotělního oběhu mortalita MeSH
- koronární bypass metody mortalita MeSH
- kreatinkinasa krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mimotělní oběh metody mortalita MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- nemoci koronárních tepen chirurgie mortalita MeSH
- pooperační komplikace mortalita MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- proteiny S100 krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
A new way to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC) based on the mobilities of system peaks is presented. A general approach for the CMC determination is based on the change of the slope or on finding the inflection point in the plot of a physical property of solution as a function of surfactant concentration. The determination of CMC by system peaks in CE utilizes a "jump" instead of a continuous change in the measured quantity. This phenomenon was predicted by the program PeakMaster, which was modified for simulation of micellar systems. The simulation of the steep change in mobilities of the anionic system peaks showing the CMC value was verified experimentally in a set of measurements, where the concentration of the surfactant was varied while the ionic strength was kept constant. The experimental work fully proved our model. A comparative electric current measurement was carried out. The proposed method seems to offer easier CMC determination as compared to the standard methods.
It has been 20 years since Lurie et al. first published their model of electromigration of an analyte under simultaneous interaction with two cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. Since then, the theory of (enantio)separation in dual and complex mixtures of (chiral) selectors is well understood. In spite of this, a trial-and-error approach still prevails in analytical practice. Such a situation is likely caused by the fact that the entire theory is spread over numerous papers and the relations between various models are not always clear. The present review condenses the theory for the first time. Available mathematical models and feasible practical approaches are summarized and their advantages and limitations discussed.