Zhoršenie psychosociálneho fungovania je jedným zo základných znakov schizofrénie vyskytujúci sa takmer u všetkých pacientov. Cieľom štúdie je analýza prediktorov funkčnosti u pacientov so schizofréniou. Predpokladali sme, že neurokognícia a funkčná kapacita budú predikovať úroveň každodenného fungovania. Do výskumu bolo zaradených 52 pacientov s ochorením z okruhu schizofrénneho spektra a 35 zdravých kontrol. Na zhodnotenie funkčnosti sme použili Škálu osobnej a sociálnej výkonnosti (PSP). Funkčná kapacita pacientov bola hodnotená prostredníctvom škály UPSA-B. Na posúdenie aktuálnej miery psychopatológie sme použili škálu CGI-SCH. Neurokognitívny deficit sme merali pomocou verzie Wisconsinského testu triedenia kariet, Verbálnej fluencie, Testu cesty a Zoraďovania čísel a písmen. Zistili sme, že miera neurokognitívneho deficitu predikuje potenciál vykonávať každodenné činnosti. Funkčná kapacita súvisí s celkovou závažnosťou ochorenia, predovšetkým s negatívnymi a kognitívnymi symptómami. Funkčná kapacita predikuje každodenné fungovanie lepšie ako neurokognícia a významne súvisí s každou meranou doménou funkčnosti.

Deficits in psychosocial functioning constitute core symptom of schizophrenia which is present in almost all patients. The aim of the study is to analyse predictors of functional outcome in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that severity of cognitive deficits and lower functional capacity will predict everyday functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Our research sample consisted of 52 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and 35 healthy controls. Functional outcomes were assessed by Personal and social performance scale (PSP). Functional capacity was measured by UPSA-B. Actual psychopathology was assessed with CGI-SCH scale. Neurocognitive deficit was measured with version of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Verbal Fluency, Trailmaking Test and Letter-Number Sequencing. We found that neurocognitive deficit predicted a functional capacity in patients with schizophrenia. Functional capacity was associated with general severity of illness, particularly to negative and cognitive symptoms. Our results confirmed that patients with chronic course have significantly lower level of functioning in real-world conditions. Functional capacity predicts everyday functioning more consistently than neurocognition and it is significantly correlated to different domains of functional outcome.

• Keywords
• funkční kapacita,
• MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Psychosocial Deprivation MeSH
• Schizophrenia * diagnosis   therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Evaluation Study MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• neurovědy
• logopedie, klinická logopedie

INTRODUCTION: In this study we assessed the contribution of psychopathology, including the two domains of negative symptoms (motivational deficit and expressive deficit), processing speed as an index of neurocognition, and emotion recognition, as an index of social cognition, to poor functional outcomes in people with schizophrenia. METHODS: The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale was used to evaluate positive symptoms and disorganization and the Brief Negative Symptom Scale to assess negative symptoms. The Symbol Coding and the Trail Making Test A and B were used to rate processing speed and the Facial Emotion Identification Test to assess emotion recognition. Functional outcome was assessed with the Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP). Regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of functional outcome. Mediation analyses was used to investigate whether social cognition and negative symptom domains fully or partially mediated the impact of processing speed on functional outcome. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty subjects from 8 different European centers were recruited. Our data showed that the expressive deficit predicted global functioning and together with motivational deficit fully mediated the effects of neurocognition on it. Motivational deficit was a predictor of personal and social functioning and fully mediated neurocognitive impairment effects on the same outcome. Both motivational deficit and neurocognitive impairment predicted socially useful activities, and the emotion recognition domain of social cognition partially mediated the impact of neurocognitive deficits on this outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that pathways to functional outcomes are specific for different domains of real-life functioning and that negative symptoms and social cognition mediate the impact of neurocognitive deficits on different domains of functioning. Our results suggest that both negative symptoms and social cognition should be targeted by psychosocial interventions to enhance the functional impact of neurocognitive remediation.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Bludy sú falošné presvedèenia, ktoré sú nemenné aj pod váhou evidencie poukazujúcich na ich nepravdivosś. V empirických výskumoch sa opakovane preukázalo, že bludy súvisia s tendenciou k tvorbe unáhlených záverov. Cie¾om výskumu je skúmaś tendenciu k tvorbe unáhlených záverov u pacientov s perzekuènými bludmi a jej vzśah ku kognitívnemu deficitu a závažnosti bludovej symptomatiky. Súbor tvorilo 25 hospitalizovaných pacientov Psychiatrickej kliniky SZU a UNB s perzekuènými bludmi, 17 psychiatrických kontrol bez bludov a 20 kontrol bez psychických porúch. U pacientov s perzekuènými bludmi sme zistili najvyšší výskyt tendencie k tvorbe unáhlených záverov (asi 60 %), kým u zdravých kontrol bol výskyt zriedkavý (10 %). Tendencia k unáhleným záverom v skupine pacientov s perzekuènými bludmi taktiež súvisela s deficitom v pracovnej pamäti a nižšou rýchlosśou spracovania informácií. U pacientov so závažnejšími perzekuènými bludmi sme zistili väèšiu tendenciu k tvorbe unáhlených záverov.

Delusions represent false beliefs, which are not amenable to change despite the new evidence highlighting their incorrectness. Empirical studies have proved, that delusions are associated with jumping to conclusion. Aim of the research is to examine jumping to conclusion in patients with persecutory delusions and its relationships to cognitive deficit and delusion severity. The sample consisted of 25 patients from Psychiatric clinic SMU and UHB with persecutory delusions, 17 psychiatric controls without delusions and 20 healthy controls. Highest tendency for jumping to conclusion was seen in patients with persecutory delusions (60 %), jumping to conclusion bias was very seldom in healthy controls (10 %). Jumping to conclusion in patients with persecutory delusion was associated with working memory deficit and speed of processing. Higher tendency for jumping to conclusion was seen in patients with more severe persecutory delusions.

• MeSH
• Delusions * diagnosis   classification   MeSH
• Cognition Disorders diagnosis   classification   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Task Performance and Analysis MeSH
• Psychotic Disorders diagnosis   physiopathology   MeSH
• Decision Making MeSH
• Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders diagnosis   physiopathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Comorbidity MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Sleep Apnea, Obstructive * epidemiology   physiopathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• Korea MeSH

• Publication type
• Meeting Abstract MeSH

Úvod a cíl: Kognitivní dysfunkci před operačním zákrokem lze považovat za geriatrický syndrom. Křehcí starší dospělí s kognitivní dysfunkcí podstupující operaci mají zvýšené riziko vzniku pooperačních komplikací, včetně rozvoje perioperační neurokognitivní poruchy. Primárním cílem studie Pooperační kognitivní dysfunkce jako geriatrický syndrom bylo porovnat korelaci mezi testy kognitivních funkcí před výkonem a po výkonu a zhodnotit sociální anamnézu a křehkost pomocí Škály geriatrické křehkosti. Metodika: Studie byla prospektivní, monocentrická a observační. Zahrnovala jednu kohortu pacientů 65 let a starších. Výzkum probíhal v letech 2020–2023. Předoperační a pooperační testování probíhalo v anesteziologické ambulanci nebo na oddělení nemocnice. Designem studie byla komparace tří kognitivních testů před operačním zákrokem a po něm. Křehkost byla zhodnocena Škálou geriatrické křehkosti. V rámci sociální anamnézy se hodnotily typ ubytování (dům, byt, instituce), přítomnost schodů nebo výtahu a existence spolubydlícího. Výsledky: Studii dokončilo 164 respondentů. Mezi typem ubytování a sociální anamnézou nebyla prokázána statisticky významná závislost. Při hodnocení závislosti mezi typem ubytování a Clinical frailty scale byla prokázána statisticky významná zavislost při rozdělení typu ubytování na dvě kategorie, dům/byt vs. instituce. Pacienti žijící doma měli výrazně nižší hodnoty Clinical frailty scale (medián 3,5 vs. 5). Také byl prokázán statisticky významný rozdíl mezi pacienty, kteří mají doma schody, a pacienty žijící s výtahem, p = 0,019. Závěr: Předoperační zhodnocení kognitivních funkcí a sociální anamnézy by mělo být běžnou součástí předanestetického vyšetření. Může napomoci ke zhodnocení seniora v riziku. V konečném důsledku vede ke zvýšení bezpečnosti pacienta, respektování jeho autonomie a snazší komunikaci s příbuznými.

Introduction and aim: Cognitive dysfunction before operation could be seen as geriatric syndrome. Older frailty adults with cognitive dysfunction undergoing operation are at higher risk of developing postoperative compilations, including perioperative neurocognitive disorder. The primary aim of the study Postoperative cognitive dysfunction as geriatric syndrome was to determine correlations between preoperative and postoperative scores on three cognitive tests, assessing social anamnesis and Clinical frailty scale. Methodology: The study was prospective, monocentric, and observational. One cohort of patients were examined, age 65 years or older. Research was carried out in 2020-2023. Pre- operative and postoperative testing took place in the anaesthesiology outpatient clinic or in the hospital ward. The study design consisted of a descriptive comparison of three cognitive tests before and after surgery. Frailty was assessed with Clinical frailty scale. Social anamnesis consisted of type of accommodation (house, flat, institution), presence of stairs or elevator and existence of a roommate. Results: The study finished 164 patients. The study finished 164 respondents. There was no significant correlation between social anamnesis and type of accommodation. When type of accommodation was divided into two groups (house/flat vs. institution) strong correlation was found. Patients living at home had lower Clinical scale (median 3.5 vs. 5). Significant difference was also found between patients with having stairs at home and patients with elevator, p = 0.019. Conclusion: Assessments of cognitive functions and frailty should be a routine part of the preanesthesia examination. Assessment could help to identify seniors at risk. It should lead to higher levels of patient’s safety, acceptance of patient’s autonomy and to easier communication with families.

• MeSH
• Anesthesia adverse effects   MeSH
• Surgical Procedures, Operative adverse effects   MeSH
• Home Environment MeSH
• Frailty diagnosis   epidemiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neurocognitive Disorders * diagnosis   etiology   MeSH
• Perioperative Period * adverse effects   MeSH
• Postoperative Complications epidemiology   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Statistics as Topic MeSH
• Severity of Illness Index MeSH
• Mental Status and Dementia Tests statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Clinical Study MeSH
• Observational Study MeSH

BACKGROUND: A wide range of potentially modifiable risk factors, indicating that the onset of neurocognitive disorders can be delayed or prevented, have been identified. The region of Central and Eastern Europe has cultural, political and economic specifics that may influence the occurrence of risk factors and their link to the cognitive health of the population. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to systematically review population-based studies from Central and Eastern Europe to gather evidence on risk and protective factors for neurocognitive disorders. METHODS: We searched the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Embase. The search was performed on 26th of February 2020 and repeated at the end of the review process on 20th May 2021. RESULTS: We included 25 papers in a narrative synthesis of the evidence describing cardiovascular risk factors (n = 7), social factors (n = 5), oxidative stress (n = 2), vitamins (n = 2), genetic factors (n = 2) and other areas (n = 7). We found that there was a good body of evidence on the association between neurocognitive disorders and the history of cardiovascular disease while there were gaps in research of genetic and social risk factors. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the epidemiological evidence from this region is insufficient and population-based prospectively followed cohorts should be established to allow the development of preventive strategies at national levels.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neurocognitive Disorders epidemiology   etiology   MeSH
• Protective Factors MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Systematic Review MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe, Eastern MeSH

BACKGROUND: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders are often neglected and undiagnosed. There are known risk factors for these disorders (e.g., higher levels of frailty, cognitive decline before surgery). However, these factors are usually not assessed in the daily clinical setting. One of the main reasons for this lack of examination is the absence of a suitable cognitive function test that can be used in acute clinical settings. The primary aim of this study was to determine correlations between preoperative and postoperative scores on three cognitive tests (the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), the Clock Drawing Test (CDT) and the Test of Gestures (TEGEST). METHODS: This was a prospective, monocentric, observational study that included one cohort of patients aged 65 years and older. Patients underwent acute or elective surgical operations. Preanaesthesia tests were administered. After the operation, the patients completed the same tests between the 2nd postoperative day and discharge. Preoperative and postoperative cognitive test scores were assessed. RESULTS: This study included 164 patients. The arithmetic mean age was 74.5 years. The strongest correlations were observed between MMSE scores and TEGEST scores (r = 0.830 before and 0.786 after surgery, P < 0.001). To compare the MMSE and the TEGEST, the MMSE was divided into 2 categories-normal and impaired-and good agreement was found among 76.2% of the participants (κ = 0.515). If the TEGEST scoring system was changed so that scores of 4-6 indicated normal cognition and scores of 0-3 indicated cognitive impairment, the level of agreement would be 90.8%, κ = 0.817. Only 5.5% of the patients had impaired MMSE scores and normal TEGEST scores, whereas 3.7% of the respondents normal MMSE scores and impaired TEGEST scores. CONCLUSION: According to our results, the TEGEST is a suitable option for assessing cognitive functioning before surgery among patients who are at risk of developing perioperative neurocognitive disorders. This study revealed that it is necessary to change the rating scale for the TEGEST so that scores of 4-6 indicate normal cognition and scores of 0-3 indicate cognitive impairment. In clinical practice, the use of the TEGEST may help to identify patients at risk of perioperative neurocognitive disorders.

• MeSH
• Risk Assessment methods   MeSH
• Cognitive Dysfunction diagnosis   psychology   etiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neurocognitive Disorders * diagnosis   psychology   MeSH
• Neuropsychological Tests MeSH
• Perioperative Period MeSH
• Postoperative Complications diagnosis   psychology   etiology   MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Mental Status and Dementia Tests MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Observational Study MeSH

Tento příspěvek si klade za cíl poukázat na problematiku jazykových deficitů a specifičtěji narušeného porozumění mluvené řeči u osob s vybranými neurokognitivními poruchami. Osoby s Alzheimerovou nemocí, Parkinsonovou nemocí či roztroušenou sklerózou se potýkají s narušením kognitivních funkcí, jejichž součástí jsou též dovednosti jazykové. Obtíže se mohou projevit na různých jazykových rovinách - foneticko-fonologické, lexikálně-sémantické, morfologicko-syntaktické a/nebo pragmatické. Komplexní proces porozumění mluvené řeči zahrnuje všechny zmíněné jazykové roviny. Jeho narušení může mít dopad na každodenní aktivity jedince a jeho kvalitu života. Je proto nezbytné se v rámci diagnostiky kognitivních a specifičtěji jazykových funkcí zaměřit blíže rovněž na tuto oblast.

The article aims to highlight language difficulties and, more specifically, speech/language comprehension difficulties in persons with some neurocognitive disorders. People with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis struggle with cognitive impairment, includinglanguage difficulties. The latter can be manifested in phonology, semantics, morphology, syntax and/or pragmatics. All of these are included within a comprehensive process of speech/language comprehension. Its disruption can have an impact on the individual's daily activities as well as on the quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary also to focus on speech/ language comprehension as part of the cognitive and language assessment.

• MeSH
• Alzheimer Disease complications   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neurocognitive Disorders * complications   MeSH
• Parkinson Disease complications   MeSH
• Speech Perception * MeSH
• Speech Disorders * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH