nondestructive testing Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
The paper deals with the application of combined nondestructive method for assessment of compressive strength of calcium silicate bricks. In this case, it is a combination of the rebound hammer method and ultrasonic pulse method. Calibration relationships for determining compressive strength of calcium silicate bricks obtained from nondestructive parameter testing for the combined method as well as for the L-type Schmidt rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse method are quoted here. Calibration relationships are known for their close correlation and are applicable in practice. The highest correlation between parameters from nondestructive measurement and predicted compressive strength is obtained using the SonReb combined nondestructive method. Combined nondestructive SonReb method was proved applicable for determination of compressive strength of calcium silicate bricks at checking tests in a production plant and for evaluation of bricks built in existing masonry structures.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- chemické modely MeSH
- kalibrace MeSH
- konstrukční materiály normy MeSH
- pevnost v tlaku * MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- silikáty chemie MeSH
- sloučeniny vápníku chemie MeSH
- testování materiálů metody MeSH
- ultrazvuk MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
3-dimensional (3D) cell cultures are being increasingly recognized as physiologically more relevant in vitro models than traditional monolayer cultures, because they better mimic in vivo-like microenvironment, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Nevertheless, the broader use of 3D models might be limited by requirements for special consumables, equipment, or skills for 3D cell cultures, and by their limited throughput and scalability. In this study, we optimized and adapted a commercially available agarose-micromolding technique to produce scaffold-free spheroid cultures. Brightfield microscopy was used for routine nondestructive and noninvasive evaluation of spheroid formation and growth. The workflow is compatible with manual, as well as high speed automated microscopic image acquisition, and it is supplemented with an in-house developed macro 'Spheroid_Finder' for open source software Fiji to facilitate rapid automated image analysis. This protocol was used to characterize and quantify spheroid formation and growth of two different hepatic cell lines, hTERT immortalized, but non-cancerous, adult human liver stem cell line HL1-hT1, and human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2, as well as their responses to a model antiproliferative and cytotoxic agent, 5-fluorouracil. The complete protocol provides a simple and ready-to-use solution to initiate scaffold-free spheroid cultures in any laboratory with standard equipment for mammalian in vitro cell culture work. Thus, it allows to increase throughput and scale of spheroid culture experiments, which can be greatly utilized in different areas of biomedical, pharmaceutical and toxicological research.
- MeSH
- buněčné kultury MeSH
- buněčné sféroidy MeSH
- buňky Hep G2 MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- fluoruracil farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- hepatocelulární karcinom farmakoterapie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- játra účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- kmenové buňky účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory jater farmakoterapie metabolismus patologie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- protinádorové antimetabolity farmakologie toxicita MeSH
- průběh práce MeSH
- rychlé screeningové testy * MeSH
- screeningové testy protinádorových léčiv MeSH
- testy toxicity MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy offers many advantages for a wide range of industrial applications. In combination with multivariate data analysis NIR spectroscopy offers interesting utilization for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. The method is fast and nondestructive and can be implemented in process analysis. The review presents recent pharmaceutical applications of NIR spectroscopy, e.g. in raw materials testing, direct analysis of dosage forms, and process monitoring and process control.
The main goal of this study was to assess the progress of vertebral stability after lumbar interbody fusion related to microcomputed tomography (micro CT), biomechanical analysis, and histological assessment towards spine fusion. Twelve male pigs were used; each underwent L2-3 discectomy and implantation of an iliac crest bone graft in two groups; six spines were harvested eight weeks (A1) and six spines 16 weeks (A2) after surgery (7 native spines for biomechanical analysis). The CT was performed by GE phoenix datos|x 2.0 with a sample drift correction. The samples were divided according to fusion quality. Biomechanical evaluation was carried out on the MTS Mini Bionix testing system. In the nondestructive mode, three cycles of pure bending moments were applied (5 Nm load limit) at a rate of 20 °/min in flexion (+40 °) and extension (-40 °). Two representative histological sections from four samples were obtained (A1, n = 2; A2, n = 2); areas of mature bone were quantified. In micro CT, better results were achieved in group A2 (not significant). Eight weeks after the operation, flexural stiffness decreased to 48% of its initial value for native cadavers (P < 0.05); after 16 weeks it was comparable to native cadavers, demonstrating the suitability of the implanted graft (P < 0.05). The newly formed bone tissue occupied an average area of 94.205 mm2 (A1) and 26.240 mm2 (A2). It was confirmed that micro CT, biomechanical analysis, and histological assessment are technically feasible and suitable for the evaluation of results of other methods of large bone defect treatment.
The integrity of film-coated tablets may be a crucial factor for their long-term stability as well as for their desirable action in the digestive tract. Consequently, nondestructive and sensitive tests are very important for quality control of the film-coated tablets. The quasi- stationary permeation of inert gases through the tablets was proposed as a new fast and inexpensive test of the integrity of filmcoated tablets. Using the commercial coating material Opadry® and alternative coating materials, the sensitivity to the test of the coating composition and to local damage of the tablets by mechanical stress was demonstrated.
This study was conducted to determine the effect of 1-stage homogenization (OSH) and 2-stage homogenization (TSH) and the addition of polysaccharides [κ-carrageenan (CR) or furcellaran (FR) at levels ranging from 0.000 to 1.000% (wt/wt)] on the physicochemical, viscoelastic, and mechanical vibration damping properties of processed cheese sauces (PCS) after 30 d of storage (6 ± 2°C). The basic chemical properties (pH, dry matter content) were similar for all tested samples. Viscoelastic measurements indicated that PCS rigidity was directly proportional to increasing CR or FR concentration and to the application of homogenization. The interactions between the application of homogenization and the concentration of polysaccharides used were also significant. Compared with OSH, TSH did not lead to any further increase in the rigidity. The preceding results were also supported by data obtained from a nondestructive method of mechanical vibration damping. No changes in water activity were observed in any PCS sample. Overall, the addition of FR or CR appeared to be highly suitable for increasing the emulsion stability of PCS. If PCS products with softer consistency are desired, then a concentration of CR/FR ≤0.250% (wt/wt) could be recommended together with OSH/TSH. For products for which a firmer PCS consistency is required, the addition of CR in concentrations of ≥0.500% (wt/wt) or FR in concentrations of ≥1.000% (wt/wt) together with OSH is recommended. Finally, as the concentration of polysaccharides increased, a darker PCS color was observed.
- MeSH
- karagenan MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami metody MeSH
- polysacharidy MeSH
- reologie MeSH
- sýr * analýza MeSH
- thyreotropin MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
A new route for coating various substrates with antifouling polymer layers was developed. It consisted in deposition of an amino-rich adhesion layer by means of RF magnetron sputtering of Nylon 6,6 followed by the well-controlled, surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of antifouling polymer brushes initiated by bromoisobutyrate covalently attached to amino groups present in the adhesion layer. Polymer brushes of hydroxy- and methoxy-capped oligoethyleneglycol methacrylate and carboxybetaine acrylamide were grafted from bromoisobutyrate initiator attached to a 15 nm thick amino-rich adhesion layer deposited on gold, silicon, polypropylene, and titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy surfaces. Well-controlled polymerization kinetics made it possible to control the thickness of the brushes at a nanometer scale. Zero fouling from single protein solutions and a reduction of more than 90% in the fouling from blood plasma observed on the uncoated surfaces was achieved. The feasibility of functionalization with bioactive compounds was tested by covalent attachment of streptavidin onto poly(oligoethylene glycol methacrylate) brush and subsequent immobilization of model antibodies and oligonucleotides. The procedure is nondestructive and does not require any chemical preactivation or the presence of reactive groups on the substrate surface. Contrary to current antifouling modifications, the developed coating can be built on various classes of substrates and preserves its antifouling properties even in undiluted blood plasma. The new technique might be used for fabrication of biotechnological and biomedical devices with tailor-made functions that will not be impaired by fouling from ambient biological media.
This article proposes an innovative methodology which employs nondestructive techniques to assess the effectiveness of new formulations based on ionic liquids, as alternative solvents for enzymes (proteases), for the removal of proteinaceous materials from painted surfaces during restoration treatments. Ionic liquids (ILs), also known as "designer" solvents, because of their peculiar properties which can be adjusted by selecting different cation-anion combinations, are potentially green solvents due totheir low vapour pressure. In this study, two ionic liquids were selected: IL1 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4 ])) and IL2 (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulphate ([EMIM][EtSO4 ])). New formulations were prepared with these ILs and two different proteases (E): one acid (E1-pepsin) and one alkaline (E2-obtained from Aspergillus sojae). These formulations were tested on tempera and oil mock-up samples, prepared in accordance with historically documented recipes, and covered with two different types of protein-based varnishes (egg white and isinglass-fish glue). A noninvasive multiscale imaging methodology was applied before and after the treatment to evaluate the cleaning's effectiveness. Different microscopic techniques-optical microscopy (OM) with visible and fluorescent light, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)-together with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) were applied on areas cleaned with the new formulations (IL + E) and reference areas cleaned only with the commercial enzyme formulations (gels). MALDI-TOF proved particularly very useful for comparing the diversity and abundance of peptides released by using different enzymatic systems. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:574-585, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
