Studie seznamuje s Rorschachovskou škálou orální závislosti, jež je v rámci projektivní psychodiagnostiky považována za autoritativní nástroj k posuzování interpersonální závislosti. Je považována za cenný prediktor konformity, poddajnosti, chování orientovaného na hledání pomoci a podpory druhé osoby. Článek informuje o základních validizačních studiích a vybírá výzkumné studie, které mají největší význam pro psychodiagnostiku v klinické praxi.
Záměr. Prezentovaná studie představuje českou adaptaci Škály závislosti na hraní. Byly zjištěny psychometrické vlastnosti adaptované verze ve smyslu ověření faktorové struktury, vnitřní konzistence a konstruktové validity. Soubor a procedura. Výzkumný vzorek obsahoval 423 adolescentů (48 % žen). Dotazníková baterie ve formě tužka – papír byla administrována ve školním prostředí ve třech velkých městech České republiky – Praha, Brno, Ostrava. Sběr dat probíhal na podzim 2015 a na jaře 2016. Analýza dat. Vnitřní konzistence metody byla zjišťována pomocí Cronbachova koeficientu α. Konfirmační faktorová analýza byla provedena v balíku Lavaan ve statistickém prostředí R, stejně jako strukturální model pro ověření konstruktové validity. Výsledky. Psychometrické charakteristiky analyzované metody jsou srovnatelné s originálními zjištěními a lze je označit za uspokojivé. Adaptovanou verzi Škály závislosti na hraní videoher lze doporučit pro výzkumné i diagnostické užití u adolescentů. Limity. Relativně menší zastoupení osob závislých na hraní videoher mohlo mít negativní dopad na úroveň konstruktové validity ve smyslu zhoršených odhadů parametrů v rámci sítě vztahů videoherní závislosti s ostatními proměnnými.
Objectives. The study introduces Czech adaptation of the Game Addiction Scale. Psychometric properties of the method were evaluated – factor structure, internal consistency and construct validity. Subjects and Settings. The research sample consisted of 423 adolescents (48 % females). The questionnaire was administered in paper&pencil form in school settings in three major Czech cities – Prague, Brno, Ostrava. Data collection was performed in autumn 2015 and spring 2016. Data analysis. Internal consistency was estimated using Cronbach’s α. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural model capturing construct validity were performed using Lavaan package in the R statistical environment. Results. Psychometric properties of the Czech adaptation of the method are comparable with original findings and can be described as satisfactory. Based on the presented results the Czech version of the Game Addiction Scale for research and diagnostic use in adolescents can be recommended. Limitations. Relatively smaller proportion of respondents addicted to video game playing could have a negative impact on the level of construct validity in terms of impaired parameter estimates of relationships between video game addiction and other variables.
Background and aims The present study explores the relationship between social motivations and addiction to online gaming and if that possible connection can be explained by the personality traits responsible for social functioning. Methods We employ Bernstein's concept of interpersonal dependency to distinguish healthy dependency, dysfunctional detachment, and destructive overdependence, and Charlton and Danforth's conceptualisation of online gaming addiction and high engagement. An online questionnaire was administered to a self-nominated sample of 4,074 online gamers. Two regression models were constructed to separately explain gaming addiction and high engagement using social motivations to play, while controlling for age, gender, and time spent online. Results High scores on subscales measuring dysfunctional detachment and destructive overdependence were positively associated with online gaming addiction, while healthy dependency was negatively correlated with addiction scores. In contrast, the overall role of social motivation was negligible. Discussion People with healthy relationship profiles are less likely to develop problematic patterns of online gaming. High in-game engagement, although sharing some factors with addiction, was only poorly explained by the study variables, suggesting the mutual exclusiveness of addiction and engagement.
- MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Internet * MeSH
- Interpersonal Relations MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Linear Models MeSH
- Longitudinal Studies MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Motivation MeSH
- Behavior, Addictive psychology MeSH
- Psychiatric Status Rating Scales MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Video Games psychology MeSH
- Dependency, Psychological * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic epidemiology MeSH
- Slovakia epidemiology MeSH
Výskumná práca je zameraná na možnosti resocializácie a podporu dospelých klientov so závislosťou, ktorí sú v nádeji na ceste ozdravovania. Uplatňovanie psychoterapie s dôrazom na rodinnú terapiu sa stáva správnou voľbou v tomto procese. Našim záujmom je zistiť predpoklady pre zavedenie rodinnej terapie a to vzhľadom na osobnostné predispozície, vzťahovosť a nádej klienta. V experimentálnej časti sme sa orientovali na kvalitatívny výskum, kde sme použili nami zostavenú testovú batériu, ktorá pozostávala z nasledovných dotazníkov: NEO (päťfaktorový osobnostný inventár), STAI (Dotazník na meranie úzkosti a úzkostlivosti), ŠOP (Škála osobnej pohody), E.M.B.U. (Dotazník zapamätaného rodičovského správania) a Dotazník na meranie nádeje – Snyderova škála. Cieľom práce je poukázať na potrebu rodinnej terapie pri resocializačnom procese a v prípade narušeného rodinného spektra sa pokúsiť nájsť spôsob pre jeho ozdravovanie.
Research work is focused on possibilities of re–socialization and support of addicted adult clients who are in hope and they are on their way to regeneration. Application of psychotherapy, emphasizing the family therapy, is becoming the right choice in this process. We are interested in determination of conditions for introducing the family therapy considering the personal assumptions, relations and hope of the client. In the experimental part we focused on qualitative research , where we used the test battery , which consisted of questionnaires as follows : NEO (Five Factor personality inventory) , STAI (State trait anxiety questionnaire inventory) , SOP ( scale of personal well– being), EMBU inventory (My memories of up–bringing) and Snyder Scale (Adult trait hope–scale). The aim of the work is to point out the need of family therapy in the re–socialization process and in the case of family spectrum disruption, find parameters of effort and trait and try to find a way for the recovery.
- MeSH
- Feedback, Psychological MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Hope * MeSH
- Substance-Related Disorders * psychology MeSH
- Alcohol-Related Disorders * psychology MeSH
- Family Therapy * MeSH
- Family Relations MeSH
- Manifest Anxiety Scale MeSH
- Psychotherapy, Group * MeSH
- Social Facilitation * MeSH
- Anxiety MeSH
- Dependency, Psychological * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Evaluation Study MeSH
Pro léčbu i výzkum závislosti na tabáku je třeba validní hodnocení závislosti na cigaretách. Škála závislosti na cigaretách (Cigarette Dependence Scale, CDS) s 5 otázkami (CDS - 5) nebo s 12 otázkami (CDS -12) je dotazník, který kuřáci mohou vyplňovat sami a který pokrývá hlavní komponenty závislosti dle definic DSM - IV a MKN -10 s výjimkou tolerance.
In the frame of treatment or research, a valid measuring of dependence on cigrettes is important. Cigarete Dependence Scale with 5 questions (CDS - 5) or with 12 questions (CDS - 12) is an self-administerd questionnaire covering all main components of dependence according to DSM - IV and ICD - 10 except of tolerance.
- MeSH
- Alcoholism classification MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Psychiatric Status Rating Scales MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
A wide range of climate change-induced effects have been implicated in the prevalence of infectious diseases. Disentangling causes and consequences, however, remains particularly challenging at historical time scales, for which the quality and quantity of most of the available natural proxy archives and written documentary sources often decline. Here, we reconstruct the spatiotemporal occurrence patterns of human epidemics for large parts of China and most of the last two millennia. Cold and dry climate conditions indirectly increased the prevalence of epidemics through the influences of locusts and famines. Our results further reveal that low-frequency, long-term temperature trends mainly contributed to negative associations with epidemics, while positive associations of epidemics with droughts, floods, locusts, and famines mainly coincided with both higher and lower frequency temperature variations. Nevertheless, unstable relationships between human epidemics and temperature changes were observed on relatively smaller time scales. Our study suggests that an intertwined, direct, and indirect array of biological, ecological, and societal responses to different aspects of past climatic changes strongly depended on the frequency domain and study period chosen.
- MeSH
- History, Ancient MeSH
- History, Medieval MeSH
- Epidemics history MeSH
- Communicable Diseases epidemiology history MeSH
- Disasters history MeSH
- Climate Change MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Prevalence MeSH
- Check Tag
- History, Ancient MeSH
- History, Medieval MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Historical Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- China epidemiology MeSH
