Introduction: The topic of work-life harmony of Child Protection Authority (OSPOD) workers is crucial, not only for their personal well-being, but also for the long-term sustainability of this demanding profession. This article focuses on developing a deeper understanding of the strategies that workers use to maintain work-life harmony, and provides insights into the role of organizational support in this process. Methods: The research was conducted through interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) and qualitative semi-structured interviews. Results: The results show that employees use a variety of individual strategies such as self-development, mindset, networking, time management and personal space for relaxation. They perceive support from the organization mainly through supervision, flexible working hours, professional training, and employee benefits. An interesting finding was that workers did not pay attention to the development of spiritual needs, which are an important aspect of wellbeing. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of systematic organizational support in the field of work-life harmony and recommends measures that can contribute to the development of wellbeing of workers and their sustainability in the profession.

• MeSH
• adaptace psychologická MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• organizace a řízení MeSH
• psychická odolnost MeSH
• rovnováha mezi pracovním a osobním životem * klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• sociální péče o dítě psychologie   MeSH
• sociální pracovníci * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In this manuscript, we highlight the evolutionary origins of mitochondria from bacterial endosymbionts and explore their contributions to health, energy metabolism, and neural-immune communication. Mitochondrial adaptability and the roles played by these organelles in promoting oxygen-dependent ATP production provide critical regulation of cognition, motivation, and inflammation. Hypoxia has been identified as an important initiator of inflammation, neurodegeneration, and mitochondrial dysfunction, emphasizing the overall importance of oxygen homeostasis to health and well-being. The Behavior, Exercise, Relaxation, and Nutrition framework highlights these observations as tools that can be used to optimize mitochondrial efficiency. Interestingly, mitochondrial dysfunction may also be linked to psychiatric disorders (e.g., schizophrenia), a hypothesis that focuses on energy dynamics, a proposal that may extend our understanding of these disorders beyond traditional neurotransmitter-focused concepts. Collectively, these perspectives underscore the critical contributions of mitochondria to health and disease and offer a novel framework that may help to explain the connections featured in mind-body medicine.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• bolest * metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• cvičení * fyziologie   MeSH
• energetický metabolismus * MeSH
• kognice * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• motivace * MeSH
• radost * fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: The potential cross-protective effect of measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is debated. Although immunological studies suggest cross-reactivity between MMR-induced immunity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), epidemiological evidence remains inconclusive. This study examined the association between an additional MMR dose and both COVID-19 clinical and serological outcomes in an adult cohort with verified pre-pandemic measles immunity. METHODS: In 2019, prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 3027 healthcare workers from a Czech university hospital underwent measles serology testing. Seronegative individuals were offered a single additional MMR dose. Between 2020 and 2021, 261 individuals from the original sample subsequently contracted COVID-19 and underwent post-infection SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) serology testing, having remained unvaccinated against COVID-19 until that time. RESULTS: Among 212 women and 49 men (mean age: 42.7 years), 150 were measles-seropositive (without additional vaccination) and 111 were measles-seronegative but received an additional MMR dose. Following COVID-19, 216 participants (82.8 %) exhibited SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity. No significant relationship was observed between measles immunity or MMR vaccine administration and COVID-19 clinical characteristics. However, individuals who received an additional MMR dose were significantly more likely to develop SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity (88.3 % vs. 78.7 %; p = 0.042). Regression analysis confirmed additional MMR vaccination as an independent predictor of post-COVID-19 seropositivity (odds ratio 1.81, 95 % confidence interval 1.17-2.81, p = 0.008), irrespective of the interval between MMR vaccination and COVID-19 symptom onset. No correlation was found between pre-pandemic measles antibody titers and SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (r = 0.09, p = 0.246). CONCLUSION: While no protective effect of adult MMR vaccination on COVID-19 clinical outcomes was observed, a significant immunological interaction was identified. These findings align with the concept of trained immunity and warrant further investigation.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * imunologie   prevence a kontrola   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunoglobulin G krev   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• příušnice prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• protilátky virové krev   imunologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 imunologie   MeSH
• sekundární imunizace * MeSH
• spalničky prevence a kontrola   imunologie   MeSH
• vakcína proti spalničkám, příušnicím a zarděnkám * imunologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zarděnky prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Pozdní následky infekčních onemocnění, označované jako pozdní infekční syndrom, představují déletrvající a také výraznější zdravotní problémy, které se mohou vyskytnout po akutní virové, bakteriální nebo parazitární infekci. Jako jeden z klíčových konceptů pro pochopení těchto dlouhodobých efektů se jeví trénovaná imunita, spojená s funkčním přeprogramováním vrozených imunitních buněk prostřednictvím epigenetického a metabolického přepojení. Trvání trénovaných imunitních reakcí se liší v závislosti na povaze podnětu a intenzitě vyvolané imunitní odpovědi. Její nadměrná aktivace zvyšuje riziko autoinflamatorních a autoimunitních poruch, neurodegenerativních syndromů, aterosklerózy a kardiovaskulárních onemocnění, naproti tomu potlačení efektorových funkcí imunitních buněk vede k postinfekční imunitní paralýze.

The late consequences of infectious diseases, referred to as post-acute infection, represent longer-lasting and more pronounced health problems that can occur after an acute viral, bacterial or parasitic infection. A key concept for understanding these long-term effects appears to be trained immunity, associated with functional reprogramming of innate immune cells through epigenetic and metabolic rewiring. The duration of trained immune responses varies depending on the nature of the stimulus and the intensity of the immune response elicited. Its excessive activation increases the risk of autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative syndromes, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, while suppression of the effector functions of immune cells leads to post-infectious immune paralysis.

• MeSH
• infekční nemoci * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické přeprogramování MeSH
• trénovaná imunita * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Trained immunity is defined as an enhanced state of the innate system which leads to an improved immune response against related or non-related pathogens. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, a live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis strain, is currently one of the main inductors of trained immunity. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of heat-inactivated M. bovis (HIMB) against Plasmodium berghei and Borrelia burgdorferi and characterize the immunological mechanisms involved. BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice were randomly assigned in similar number to either immunized group receiving two oral doses of HIMB with a 4-week interval, or control group treated with PBS. All the BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally infected with P. berghei while the C3H/HeN mice were subcutaneously infected with B. burgdorferi. Pathogen burden was significantly reduced in both immunized groups when compared to controls. The number of macrophages significantly decreased in the liver or in the spleen of the mice that had been immunized prior to the challenge with P. berghei or B. burgdorferi, respectively. Furthermore, the immunized groups showed an apparent upregulation of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1α in the liver (P. berghei challenge) or a significant increase in IL-1α producing cells in the spleen (B. burgdorferi challenge). Our findings suggest that oral immunization with heat-inactivated mycobacteria limits pathogen burden through stimulation of the innate immune response in two vector-borne diseases in mice.

• MeSH
• adjuvancia imunologická * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• BCG vakcína * imunologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Borrelia burgdorferi imunologie   MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• inaktivované vakcíny imunologie   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• interferon gama imunologie   MeSH
• interleukin-1alfa imunologie   MeSH
• játra imunologie   MeSH
• lymeská nemoc * prevence a kontrola   imunologie   MeSH
• makrofágy imunologie   MeSH
• malárie * prevence a kontrola   imunologie   MeSH
• Mycobacterium bovis * imunologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
• myši inbrední C3H MeSH
• myši MeSH
• Plasmodium berghei imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky bakteriální krev   MeSH
• slezina imunologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• TNF-alfa imunologie   MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Východiská: Na význam stresu pri nádorových chorobách poukazovali lekári už od čias Galéna. Avšak až v posledných dvoch desaťročiach umožnil kombinovaný onkologický a neurovedný výskum exaktne preskúmať tento vzťah a popísať dráhy a mechanizmy, ktoré sprostredkúvajú stimulačný vplyv stresu na nádorový proces. Tento nepriaznivý účinok stresu je sprostredkovaný hlavne mediátormi sympatikoadrenálneho systému, noradrenalínom a adrenalínom. Tieto katecholamíny aktiváciou adrenergických receptorov v nádorovom mikro- a makroprostredí stimulujú proliferáciu nádorových buniek a neoangiogenézu a inhibujú protinádorovú imunitu a znižujú účinnosť štandardnej protinádorovej liečby. Zistilo sa tiež, že intervencie obmedzujúce pôsobenie stresu na organizmus nie len že zlepšujú kvalitu života onkologických pacientov, ale môžu zlepšovať aj ich prežívanie. Vzhľadom na komplexnosť vplyvu stresu na organizmus sa experimentálne a klinické štúdie v prevažnej väčšine zameriavajú na skúmanie účinku jednej intervencie obmedzujúcej stimulačný vplyv sympatikoadrenálneho systému na nádorový proces. Cieľ: Zámerom tohto názorového článku je poukázať na možnosť synergického účinku kombinácie viacerých intervencií obmedzujúcich aktiváciu sympatikoadrenálneho systému a na základe dostupných údajov navrhnúť takú kombináciu týchto intervencií, ktorá je aplikovateľná v podpornej liečbe onkologických pacientov už aj v súčasnosti. Záver: Protokol Synergy, ktorý zahŕňa nefarmakologické intervencie zamerané na obmedzenie pôsobenia stresu, má potenciál zlepšiť kvalitu života a u určitých pacientov aj prognózu ich choroby. Zavedenie tohto protokolu do bežnej klinickej praxe síce bude vyžadovať vyriešenie personálnych a finančných aspektov, ktoré s jeho implikáciou súvisia, výsledkom ale môže byť významné zvýšenie úrovne starostlivosti o onkologických pacientov.

Background: The importance of stress in cancer has been noted by physicians since the time of Galen. However, it is only in the last two decades that combined oncological and neuroscientific research has allowed to explore this relationship in an exact way and to describe the pathways and mechanisms that mediate the stimulatory effect of stress on cancer. This adverse effect of stress is mediated mainly by the mediators of the sympathoadrenal system, norepinephrine and epinephrine, which, by activating adrenergic receptors in the tumor micro- and macro-environment, stimulate tumor cell proliferation and neoangiogenesis and inhibit antitumor immunity, reducing the efficacy of standard anticancer therapies. It has also been found that interventions reducing the effects of stress on the body not only improve the quality of life of cancer patients but may also improve their survival. Given the complexity of the impact of stress on the organism, experimental and clinical studies have overwhelmingly focused on investigating the effect of a single intervention reducing the stimulatory influence of the sympathoadrenal system on the cancer process. Purpose: The aim of this opinion article is to highlight the possibility of a synergistic effect of a combination of several interventions limiting the activation of the sympathoadrenal system and, based on the available data, to propose a combination of these interventions that is applicable in the supportive treatment of cancer patients even nowadays. Conclusion: The Protocol Synergy, which includes non-pharmacological interventions aimed at reducing the effects of stress on the cancer patient, has the potential to improve the quality and, in certain patients, the prognosis of their disease. Although the introduction of this protocol into routine clinical practice will require addressing the personnel and financial aspects associated with its implementation, it has the potential to significantly improve the level of care for cancer patients.

• MeSH
• beta blokátory terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cvičení MeSH
• klinické protokoly * MeSH
• kvalita života psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * etiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• nízká teplota škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• psychický stres * MeSH
• psychoterapie metody   MeSH
• relaxační terapie MeSH
• srdeční frekvence MeSH
• svépomocné skupiny MeSH
• sympatoadrenální systém MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Overtraining Syndrome (OTS) is a condition resulting from excessive physical activity without adequate recovery, predominantly affecting elite athletes and military personnel. While overreaching can be a temporary state, non-functional overreaching may progress to chronic OTS. This review explores various hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of OTS, including glycogen depletion, dysregulated cytokine response, oxidative stress, and alterations in the autonomic nervous system function. It also highlights the systemic impact of OTS on multiple organ systems, immune function, and overall health, linking the condition to chronic inflammation and an increased disease susceptibility. Additionally, it addresses the role of the gut microbiome in health modulation through physical activity. METHODS: This narrative review was conducted through a structured search of peer-reviewed journal articles in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, focusing on studies involving human participants and published in English. RESULTS: OTS has systemic effects on multiple organ systems, immune function, and overall health, leading to chronic inflammation and increased disease susceptibility. Athletes with OTS exhibit higher morbidity rates, influenced by factors such as sleep deprivation and stress. The review also emphasizes the role of the gut microbiome as a significant modulator of health through physical activity. CONCLUSION: Balanced training and recovery are crucial for preventing OTS and maintaining optimal health and quality of life in physically active individuals. Understanding the complex pathophysiology of OTS is essential for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Marathon training and running have many beneficial effects on human health and physical fitness; however, they also pose risks. To date, no comprehensive review regarding both the benefits and risks of marathon running on different organ systems has been published. MAIN BODY: The aim of this review was to provide a comprehensive review of the benefits and risks of marathon training and racing on different organ systems. A predefined search strategy including keywords (e.g., marathon, cardiovascular system, etc.) and free text search was used. Articles covering running regardless of sex, age, performance level, and event type (e.g., road races, mountain marathons) were considered, whereas articles examining only cycling, triathlon, stress-tests or other sports were excluded. In total, we found 1021 articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, of which 329 studies were included in this review. Overall, marathon training offers several benefits for different organ systems and reduces all-cause mortality. As such, it improves cardiovascular risk factors, leads to favorable cardiac adaptations, enhances lung function, and improves quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients. It also enhances gastrointestinal mobility and reduces the risk of specific tumors such as colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. Marathon training enhances bone health and skeletal muscle metabolism. It further positively affects hematopoiesis and cytotoxic abilities of natural killer cells, and may act neuroprotective on a long-term basis. After a marathon, changes in biomarkers suggesting pathological events in certain organ systems such as cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, liver, hematological, immune, musculoskeletal, central nervous, and endocrine systems can often be observed. Mostly, these changes are limited to 1-3 days post-race and usually normalize within a week. Moreover, marathon running poses the risk of serious adverse events such as sudden cardiac death or acute liver failure. Concerning lung function, a decrease after a marathon race was observed. Acute kidney injury, as well as electrolyte imbalances, are relatively common amongst marathon finishers. Many runners complain of gastrointestinal symptoms during or after long-distance running. Many runners suffer from running-related musculoskeletal injuries often impairing performance. A marathon is often accompanied by an acute inflammatory response with transient immunosuppression, making runners susceptible to infections. Also, hormonal alterations such as increased cortisol levels or decreased testosterone levels immediately after a race are observed. Disturbances in sleep patterns are commonly found in marathon runners leading up to or directly after the race. CONCLUSION: All in all, marathon training is generally safe for human health and individual organ systems. Considering the high popularity of marathon running, these findings supply athletes, coaches, sports scientists, and sports medicine practitioners with practical applications. Further large-scale studies examining long-term effects on the cardiovascular, renal, and other system are needed.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Non-immune cells, like innate immune cells, can develop a memory-like phenotype in response to priming with microbial compounds or certain metabolites, which enables an enhanced response to a secondary unspecific stimulus. This paper describes a step-by-step protocol for the induction and analysis of trained immunity in human endothelial and smooth muscle cells. We then describe steps for cell culture with cryopreserved vascular cells, subcultivation, and induction of trained immunity. We then provide detailed procedures for downstream analysis using ELISA and qPCR. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Sohrabi et al. (2020)1 and Shcnack et al.2.

• MeSH
• buněčné kultury MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• endoteliální buňky * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myocyty hladké svaloviny MeSH
• trénovaná imunita * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Mikroorganismy si během evoluce vyvinuly širokou škálu strategií, jak uniknout vrozenému i adaptivnímu imunitnímu systému, a některým těmto strategiím se věnujeme v našem přehledu. Mikroorganismy mohou využívat podobnost svých proteinů s proteiny hostitele, produkovat protizánětlivé faktory, narušovat komplementový systém, ovlivňovat funkci a blokovat syntézu cytokinů, inhibovat rozpoznávání imunoglobulinů, snižovat expresi a modifikovat antigeny na svém povrchu, narušovat zpracování a prezentaci antigenu imunitními buňkami, vstupovat do imunitních buněk, ovlivňovat apoptózu buněk, modulovat funkce imunitních buněk nebo ovlivňovat produkci hormonů. S těmito únikovými strategiemi je nutné počítat při léčbě infekčních onemocnění.

Microorganisms have evolved a wide variety of strategies to evade both the innate and adaptive immune systems during evolution, and some of these strategies are addressed in our review. Microorganisms can use the similarity of their proteins to host proteins, produce anti-inflammatory factors, disrupt the complement system, affect the function and block the synthesis of cytokines, inhibit the recognition of immunoglobulins, reduce the expression and modify antigens on their surface, disrupt the processing and presentation of antigen by immune cells, enter immune cells , influence cell apoptosis, modulate immune cell functions or influence hormone production. These escape strategies must be taken into account when treating infectious diseases.

• Klíčová slova
• únikové strategie mikroorganismů,
• MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiologické jevy * MeSH
• přirozená imunita * MeSH
• trénovaná imunita MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH