BACKGROUND: Longitudinal investigation of the association between mobile health (mHealth) app use and attitudes toward one's body during adolescence is scarce. mHealth apps might shape adolescents' body image perceptions by influencing their attitudes toward their bodies. Adolescents might also use mHealth apps based on how they feel and think about their bodies. OBJECTIVE: This prospective study examined the longitudinal within-person associations between mHealth app use, body dissatisfaction, and physical self-worth during adolescence. METHODS: The data were gathered from a nationally representative sample of Czech adolescents aged between 11 and 16 years (N=2500; n=1250, 50% girls; mean age 13.43, SD 1.69 years) in 3 waves with 6-month intervals. Participants completed online questionnaires assessing their mHealth app use, physical self-worth, and body dissatisfaction at each wave. The mHealth app use was determined by the frequency of using sports, weight management, and nutritional intake apps. Physical self-worth was assessed using the physical self-worth subscale of the Physical Self Inventory-Short Form. Body dissatisfaction was measured with the items from the body dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory-3. The random intercept cross-lagged panel model examined longitudinal within-person associations between the variables. A multigroup design was used to compare genders. Due to the missing values, the final analyses used data from 2232 adolescents (n=1089, 48.8% girls; mean age 13.43, SD 1.69 years). RESULTS: The results revealed a positive within-person effect of mHealth app use on the physical self-worth of girls: increased mHealth app use predicted higher physical self-worth 6 months later (β=.199, P=.04). However, this effect was not consistent from the 6th to the 12th month: a within-person increase in using apps in the 6th month did not predict changes in girls' physical self-worth in the 12th month (β=.161, P=.07). Regardless of gender, the within-person changes in the frequency of using apps did not influence adolescents' body dissatisfaction. In addition, neither body dissatisfaction nor physical self-worth predicted app use frequency at the within-person level. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlighted that within-person changes in using mHealth apps were differentially associated with adolescents' body-related attitudes. While increased use of mHealth apps did not influence body dissatisfaction across genders, it significantly predicted higher physical self-worth in adolescent girls 6 months later. A similar association was not observed among boys after 6 months. These findings indicate that using mHealth apps is unlikely to have a detrimental impact on adolescents' body dissatisfaction and physical self-worth; instead, they may have a positive influence, particularly in boosting the physical self-worth of adolescent girls.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mobilní aplikace * MeSH
- nespokojenost s tělem * psychologie MeSH
- osobní uspokojení MeSH
- představa o vlastním těle psychologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sebepojetí * MeSH
- telemedicína * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
This article aims to provide a comprehensive description of the multifaceted influence of dysmenorrhea on women's emotional states and their overall lives, with a focus on both immediate and long-term effects. Immediate impacts include changes in mood and self-perception during menstruation. Changes in self-esteem and identity are among the long-term effects. The research employed a qualitative design involving in-depth interviews with 18 women who have experienced years of painful menstruation. Data were analysed using a combination of thematic analysis (TA) and interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), providing a robust framework to understand the nuanced experiences of the participants. Our findings revealed that dysmenorrhea significantly affects emotional states, leading to symptoms of depression and anxiety, heightened emotional reactivity during menstrual periods, and negative effects on self-perception and body image. These emotional disturbances are not only limited to the duration of menstruation but extend beyond this, influencing women's daily lives, relationships, and overall mental health. The study highlights how dysmenorrhea can exacerbate feelings of vulnerability, emotional instability, and social withdrawal, contributing to a persistent negative self-image and compromised self-esteem. Moreover, the chronic nature of dysmenorrhea has been linked to deeper psychological impacts, including a diminished sense of self-efficacy and identity disruption. Women report a pervasive sense of loss of control over their bodies, leading to feelings of helplessness and frustration. These experiences underscore the importance of addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of dysmenorrhea in medical and psychological interventions
- MeSH
- dysmenorea * diagnóza psychologie MeSH
- emoce * MeSH
- kvalita života psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nespokojenost s tělem psychologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sebepojetí MeSH
- úzkostné poruchy diagnóza etiologie psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
Aim: To explore the impact of mastectomy on the body image of women with breast cancer. Design: A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. Methods: Thirty women (n = 30) with post-mastectomy breast cancer were obtained through a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using in-depth and semi-structured individual interviews to explore the experiences of the participants and the meanings they attribute to them. The data was analysed using the Van Manen method and with the help of NVivo 12 software. Results: Three main themes were identified in this study: "breast meaning", "self-concept", and coping strategies for women after mastectomy. Breasts are interpreted as a symbol of female status that reflects femininity and attractiveness. Mastectomy can cause changes in appearance, which can affect women's body image, self-concept, and social interaction. Emotional intensive coping and problem-solving intensive coping are coping strategies used by women after mastectomy. Conclusion: Breasts are synonymous with femininity, beauty, and attractiveness. Therefore, many women feel that they have lost their femininity and self-confidence after losing their breasts due to mastectomy.
The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women's breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). In the total dataset, 47.5 % of women wanted larger breasts than they currently had, 23.2 % wanted smaller breasts, and 29.3 % were satisfied with their current breast size. There were significant cross-national differences in mean ideal breast size and absolute breast size dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small (η2 = .02-.03). The results of multilevel modelling showed that greater Neuroticism, lower Conscientiousness, lower Western media exposure, greater local media exposure, lower financial security, and younger age were associated with greater breast size dissatisfaction across nations. In addition, greater absolute breast size dissatisfaction was associated with greater weight and appearance dissatisfaction, poorer breast awareness, and poorer psychological well-being across nations. These results indicate that breast size dissatisfaction is a global public health concern linked to women's psychological and physical well-being.
- MeSH
- celosvětové zdraví * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nespokojenost s tělem psychologie MeSH
- osobní uspokojení * MeSH
- prsy * MeSH
- velikost orgánu MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Předložená stať popisuje muskulární dysmorfii jako diagnózu, jejíž výskyt je na vzestupu díky stále větší oblíbenosti cvičení ve fitness centrech. Těžké formy této poruchy mohou podobně, jako je tomu u psychogenních poruch příjmu potravy, znamenat riziko dlouhodobého poškození zdraví či až ohrožení života. Pro pochopení příčin muskulární dysmorfie je nezbytné pochopení problematiky tělesného sebepojetí a teorie „drive for muscularity“. Muskulární dysmorfie jako taková má znaky obsedantně-kompulzivní poruchy spojené s dodržováním cvičebních a dietních postupů, jež jsou prezentovány jako nezbytné pro dosažení „svalnatého“ ideálu mužského těla. Jedinci trpící touto poruchou vykazují znaky narušeného vnímání těla podobně jako jedinci trpící některou z poruch příjmu potravy. Pro dosažení ideálu tělesného vzhledu volí velmi často pro zdraví rizikové postupy, především užívání různých farmak včetně anabolických steroidů, bez reflexe rizik s těmito postupy spojených. S muskulární dysmorfií se nejčastěji setkáváme u dospívajících mužů a z psychologického hlediska je možné projevy této poruchy jako krizový vývoj procesu dospívání chápat, interpretovat i terapeuticky k nim takto přistupovat.
The following text presents muscle dysmorphia as a diagnosis linked to the increased general popularity of fitness centers. Severe forms of this disorder might, similarly to eating disorders, cause long-term health issues or be potentially life-threatening. To understand the cause of muscle dysmorphia, we need to first understand the complexity of body image and drive for muscularity. Muscle dysmorphia shows symptoms similar to obsessive compulsive disorder which manifest in the form of excessive exercise and dieting regimes. These regimes are perceived as a necessity to achieve the ‘muscular ideal’ of the male body. Individuals suffering from muscle dysmorphia also show symptoms of distorted body image, similar to individuals who suffer from eating disorders. To achieve their desired physiques, they often resort to health-threatening behaviors such as using anabolic steroids and other pharmaceuticals, while disregarding the risks associated with such behaviors. Muscle dysmorphia is most common in adolescent men; psychology views its symptoms as a sign of a critical process of adolescence and they should be understood, interpreted, and therapeutically approached as such.
- Klíčová slova
- svalová dysmorfie,
- MeSH
- cvičení psychologie MeSH
- fitness centrum MeSH
- kosterní svaly MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nespokojenost s tělem MeSH
- poruchy příjmu potravy diagnóza psychologie MeSH
- somatoformní poruchy * diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- tělesné dysmorfické poruchy * diagnóza psychologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Cieľom štúdie bolo zistiť vzťah medzi hanbou za vlastné telo, body image a sebahodnotením u oboch pohlaví v období strednej a neskorej adolescencie. Vy´skumny´ súbor tvorilo 434 adolescentov (M = 18.6, SD = 2.11). Údaje boli získané pomocou subškály Hanby za vlastné telo zo Škály objektivizovaného vnímania tela, Dotazníka Body Image, Rosenbergovej škály sebahodnotenia a BMI indexu. Práca preukázala negatívny vzťah medzi hanbou za vlastné telo a body image, ako aj medzi hanbou za vlastné telo a sebahodnotením u žien aj u mužov. Výsledky ukázali, že body image pôsobí ako mediátor vzťahu medzi hanbou za vlastné telo a sebahodnotením. Ukázalo sa, že medzi hanbou za vlastné telo a BMI je slaby´ pozitívny vzťah iba u žien. Ženy v období strednej a neskorej adolescencie vykazovali vyššiu mieru hanby za vlastné telo ako muži. Naopak muži vykazovali vyššie sebahodnotenie a pozitívnejší body image ako ženy. Výsledky prispievajú k chápaniu hanby za vlastné telo ako dôležitého faktora sebahodnotenia v adolescencii.
The primary goal of this study was to determine the relationship between body shame, body image and self-esteem in both sexes during middle and late adolescence. Body shame is defined as a negative evaluation of one's body, body's functions and aspects, such as body hair and nakedness, as well as a desire to hide one's body (Gilbert, 2002; Schooler et al., 2005). Body image means a way person thinks about and perceives his/her body, which include weight, appearance, health, and fitness (Fialová, 2006; Grogan, 2000). Previous studies show that body shame is negatively related to body image in women (Mustapic et al., 2015; Sanftner et al., 1995), however, this relationship is unclear in men. Number of previous studies show that higher body shame is related to lower self-esteem (Jankauskiene & Pajaujiene, 2012; Choma et al., 2010). This research aims at testing body image as a potential mediator between body shame and self-esteem. The research sample consisted of 434 adolescents aged 14–21 years (M = 18.6, SD = 2.11). Data was collected by using the The Body Shame Subscale from The Objectified Body Consciouness Scale [BSS; McKinley & Hyde, 1996], Body Image Questionaire [BIQ; Koleck, Bruchton-Schweitzer, Cousson-Gélie, Gilliard, & Quintard, 2002] and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale [RSES; Rosenberg, 1965]. Participants were also asked about their height and weight in order to measure BMI. The relations between variables were examined by correlation analysis, mediation analysis, and non-parametric tests for comparing groups. The study confirmed the negative correlation of body shame with body image (r = -0.32) and with self-esteem (r = -0.42) in women. Similar negative relationships were found between body image and body shame in men (r = -0.34) as well as between body shame and self-esteem in men (r = -0.35). Strong negative relationships between self-esteem and body image in women (r = 0.68) and men (r = 0.66) were found. Moreover, mediation analysis has shown that body image serves as a mediator between body shame and self-esteem. Therefore, we assume, that interventions aimed at decreasing body shame could lead to the increase in adolescents' self-esteem through the improvement of their body image. Our second goal was to measure the association of body shame with BMI in both sexes. Previous studies showed positive association between BMI and body shame in women, however, the relationship of BMI and body shame is inconsistent in men (e.g. Fredrickson et al., 1998; Mustapic et al., 2015). The results of this study showed a weak positive relationship between body shame and BMI in women (r = 0.10), however, the relationship between body shame and BMI was not significant in men. One of the explanations for this result might be that BMI does not determine the exact ratio of body fat and muscle mass. Also, there may be other factors which contribute to body shame in adolescents, such as eating attitudes, exercising, or media-portrayed idealized images, and these factors may be worth examining in the future studies. The third goal of this study was to measure the differences in body shame, body image, and self-esteem between women and men. As expected, women in the middle and late adolescence reported higher body shame than men. Men, on the other hand, reported higher self-esteem and more positive body image than women. The results contribute to understanding of body shame as an important factor of self-esteem during the adolescence. The results may help in the development of psychological strategies for prevention and intervention to reduce body shame. in both sexes
- MeSH
- hanba MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nespokojenost s tělem * psychologie MeSH
- představa o vlastním těle psychologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychiatrické posuzovací škály MeSH
- sebepojetí MeSH
- sebezhodnocení (psychologie) MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
