PURPOSE: Para-karate has been gaining popularity rapidly; however, scientific research on the subject remains limited. This study aims to examine the kata preferences at top-level para-karate events and explore the relationship between sport class (type of impairment) and kata selection. METHODS: Data was collected from nine events-four World Para-Karate Championships (2016, 2018, 2021, 2023) and five European Para-Karate Championships (2018, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023). A total of 906 katas were performed: 567 by males and 339 by females. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for analysis. RESULTS: Top-level para-karate athletes utilized 62 katas (61%) from the official WKF list (102 katas). The most popular katas were Gojushiho Sho (19.9%), Unsu (11.5%), Kanku Sho (9.5%), Suparinpei (6.7%), and Jion (6.2%). A significant relationship was found between sport class and kata selection (p ≤ 0.05). The most popular kata for K30 was Unsu (15%), while K10 and K21 + K22 classes predominantly chose Gojushiho Sho (16.6% and 30.3%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Kata selection for para-karate athletes is influenced by the type of impairment. Intellectually impaired athletes and their coaches often select a single, challenging kata with a balanced fast-to-slow movement ratio, such as Gojushiho Sho, to optimize performance.
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Background: The care provided to women during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum contributes to optimising well-being and health. Care for both the woman and the newborn should be individualised, supporting free choice in providing care. An essential part of childbirth is bonding, which supports the relationship between the woman and the newborn. Goal: This paper aims to inform about partial data and examine mutual connections regarding the experience of childbirth, midwife, and paediatric nurse care for women and newborns in the early postpartum period in South Bohemian obstetrics wards. Methods: This research used a quantitative method. The data were processed in SPSS and SASD programs. The research group consisted of 361 women; the selection criteria were at least 6 weeks and a maximum of 9 months after childbirth in South Bohemian obstetrics wards. Results: 73.4% of women perceived support from the midwife during childbirth, and 58.7% perceived childbirth as a natural process. Women with complications during childbirth were more likely to perceive the experience of childbirth as average. Women who had psychological difficulties during pregnancy perceived more fear during childbirth. Women who experienced bonding in the delivery room were most satisfied. Conclusion: Women should be informed and prepared for labour and delivery to know what to expect. Health professionals need to receive information from women so that they can provide holistic care and thus support their positive motherhood experience.
Purpose: Dysphagia may occur in all critically ill patients, and large-scale clinical data show that post-extubation dysphagia (PED) is commonly observed in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The study aimed to determine how dysphagia is diagnosed after extubation, and what factors influence the incidence of dysphagia after invasive airway support in selected ICUs. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for five months (07/2023 to 11/ 2023), in the acute ICU and long-term ICU of the Teaching hospital in the Czech Republic. Results: Of the 101 extubated patients in the study, only 27.7% (n = 28) were examined by a physician, and PED was confirmed in 26.7% (n = 27), representing 99% of all extubated patients. Age, gender, and ICU type were not significantly related to PED occurrence. However, the type of airway management (p < 0.001), duration of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.017), and main diagnosis (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with PED occurrence. Conclusion: The study confirmed the underdiagnosis of PED in ICU patients post-extubation. Higher PED incidence was linked to tracheostomy + endotracheal cannula use, mechanical ventilation longer than 9 days, and neurological diagnoses. Training health professionals to identify PED symptoms is essential to establish uniform procedures for diagnosing and preventing PED-related complications.
Background: The related literature mentions that nurses experience various career problems in their career processes. Some of the problems are related to gender, and glass ceiling perception has an essential place among these. Objective: This study aimed to determine the problems experienced by nurses in their career processes and the effect of glass ceiling perception on these problems. Methods: The population of this descriptive study, conducted between May and June 2022, consisted of 3,758 nurses working in public, private, and university hospitals. The sample consisted of 407 nurses who were randomly selected. Data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, Glass Ceiling Perception, and Career Problems in Nursing Scale. Normality tests, reliability analyses, descriptive statistical methods, comparison and correlation analyses, and simple linear regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Results: The mean score of the Career Problems in Nursing scale of the nurses participating in the study was 84.75 ± 28.27, and the mean score of the glass ceiling perception scale was 2.80 ± 0.54, above the average. The model established between career problems in nursing and glass ceiling perception was significant and explained 20.3% of the total variance (F = 46.453; p = 0.000; R2adj = 0.203). Conclusion: This study found that the career problems of nurses were above average, and glass ceiling perception was effective in solving these problems.
Background: Ethical decision making is a complex process in health and nursing care. Whenever nurses make ethical decisions, they also have to consider what benefits the patient. Some studies have shown that nurses' ethical perceptions and sensitivities directly affect quality of health care. Aim: This study aimed to assess the impact of internal medicine nurses' ethical perceptions and sensitivities on the quality of care. Methods: The sample of this analytical cross-sectional study consisted of two hundred nurses (n = 200) from internal medicine clinics of a university hospital (in Turkey). Data collection tools used to collect the data were a Nurse Information Form, the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 (CBI-24), the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MSQ), and the Hospital Ethical Climate Survey (HECS). Data were analyzed with percentages, the Mann-Whitney U test, and correlation analysis. Results: A significant negative correlation was found between the total score of the CBI-24 (r = -0.152, p < 0.005) and the total score of the MSQ. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) was found between all subscale and total scores of the BDI-24 and all subscale and total scores of the HECS. There was no statistically significant correlation between HECS and MSQ (p > 0.05).
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global healthcare, including HIV care. eHealth emerged as an alternative to traditional in-person care. This study aimed to evaluate eHealth access among people living with HIV in Barcelona, Spain. Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed methods approach was used. Data were gathered through surveys (n = 82), semi-structured interviews, and a focus group to understand eHealth usage and perceptions. Results: 65% of survey respondents reported using eHealth services in their HIV unit at least once during the pandemic, while 52% reported never being offered these services, indicating a gap in availability and access. Participants identified convenience and timesaving as the main benefits of eHealth, particularly valuable during movement restrictions. Barriers such as perceived reduction in care quality, especially for those with language difficulties, were noted. While eHealth offers potential benefits, critical areas need addressing to ensure equitable access and high-quality care. Conclusion: Promoting eHealth services requires targeted improvements and understanding user preferences and needs. Tailoring eHealth solutions to diverse patient populations is crucial for successful implementation. As healthcare evolves post-pandemic, integrating eHealth to complement traditional care and address challenges faced by vulnerable populations, such as those living with HIV, is essential.
Introduction: The study of smoking and alcohol consumption habits is one of the most relevant and common elements of health behaviour assessment. According to European Health Interview Survey data, 27% of women aged 18-34 years and 35% of men smoke daily. According to the WHO, alcohol consumption also presents a negative picture and is responsible for 3 million deaths worldwide each year. Objective: Our primary objective was to examine how university students' health values relate to smoking and alcohol consumption habits. Methods: Our data collection method was interviewing, and our questionnaire consisted of nearly 30 questions that could be divided into several main groups. For data collection, we used a validated questionnaire, the IRVS Values Importance and Achievement Scale. For the assessment of smoking habits, we used the questionnaire from the National Population Survey (2003), compiled by the National Center for Epidemiology. A total of 380 university students completed the questionnaire. Data were processed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. Differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results: Using principal component analysis, we obtained the eight-item variable, 'Importance of health value', with the highest loading of the value 'Health importance' (0.711 points). Our results showed a significant negative association between the health value and the number of cigarettes smoked per day, rs = -0.089, p = 0.041 (1-tailed), using Spearman correlation. Conclusion: Promoting a healthier lifestyle among university-aged individuals should be encouraged and prioritized. We believe that it is important to develop a preventive approach and create an inclusive educational environment.
Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the sociodemographic factors and the utilization of preventive healthcare services associated with self-rated health status among adults and the elderly in Turkiye. Methods: We performed statistical tests to evaluate differences in the frequency of preventive health service use, based on perceived health status across various age groups. We utilized multi-level probit regression models to scrutinize the self-rated health status, considering factors associated with sociodemographic variables and the receipt of preventive healthcare among adult groups and the elderly using the Turkiye Health Survey (HS) Micro Dataset (2022). Results: This study highlights a clear and positive association between self-rated health status and preventive health services, particularly in consultations with general practitioners, blood pressure measurements, and blood sugar tests. Notably, regular utilization of these services within the past year positively influences health status. This relationship is more pronounced with age, especially among young and middle-aged adults. Typically, tobacco and alcohol use have a negative impact on health for each age group, while education level has a positive effect. Additionally, affordability constraints on accessing healthcare services and medication have a clear negative impact. Conclusion: Subsidizing primary healthcare, screenings, and expanding healthcare services are essential for effective health policy implementation. Policies should focus on subsidizing primary care and screenings to encourage regular check-ups, considering both age and gender.
This qualitative study examines the implementation of an empowerment approach in marginalised Roma communities from the perspective of social workers. Data from 11 semi-structured interviews were analyzed using selected analytical procedures of grounded theory, identifying the main categories: the socioeconomic background of clients (context), community needs and long-term goals (causal conditions), social support and external influences (intervening conditions), and educational projects and participation (strategic actions). The empowerment process leads to independence, sustainability, and improvement of the community environment (consequences). While social work at the micro and meso levels is crucial for the inclusion of the poorest residents of segregated Roma enclaves, significant achievements have not been made at the macro level, particularly in terms of political involvement and the fight against anti-Roma racism. The study also highlights systemic reliance on European structural funds and the lack of state support. Future research could map the perspectives and empowerment of emerging helping professionals.
