27194547 OR Tularemia vaccines Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of the potentially lethal disease tularemia. Due to a low infectious dose and ease of airborne transmission, Francisella is classified as a category A biological agent. Despite the possible risk to public health, there is no safe and fully licensed vaccine. A potential vaccine candidate, an attenuated live vaccine strain, does not fulfil the criteria for general use. In this review, we will summarize existing and new candidates for live attenuated and subunit vaccines.
- MeSH
- bakteriální vakcíny imunologie MeSH
- Francisella tularensis imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- objevování léků trendy MeSH
- tularemie imunologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
[1st ed.] 36 s. ; 28 cm
Tularémie, neboli zaječí nemoc, je zoonotické onemocnění vyvolané gramnegativní intracelulární bakterií Francisella tularensis. Vzhledem ke své infekčnosti, poměrně jednoduché kultivaci, absenci humánní vakcíny či možnosti šíření prostřednictvím aerosolu je považována za potenciální biologickou hrozbu. K nakažení jedince však v České republice obvykle dochází bodnutím infikovaného klíštěte, méně často komára anebo přímým kontaktem s kontaminovanou zvěří, popř. konzumací kontaminované vody. Cílem tohoto sdělení je komplexní pohled na tularémii počínaje diagnostikou, klinickými projevy a léčbou, obohacenou o vojenskou perspektivu v otázce zneužití Francisella tularensis jako biologické zbraně.
Tularemia, otherwise known as “rabbit fever”, is a zoonotic disease caused by a gram-negative intracellular bacterium – Francisella tularensis. The species is considered as a potential bioterrorism agent due to its high infectivity, the fact of being relatively easy to culture, the absence of human vaccine, and the potential for spreading through aerosol. In the Czech Republic, infection is usually caused by a tick bite, less frequently by a mosquito bite, direct contact with infected animals, or ingestion of contaminated water. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive view of tularemia, its diagnosis, clinical symptoms and treatment, along with the military perspective on a potential risk of F. tularensis to be misused as a biological weapon.
- MeSH
- bioterorismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- tularemie * diagnóza epidemiologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Tularemia is a bacterial disease of humans, wild, and domestic animals. Francisella tularensis, which is a Gram-negative coccobacillus-shaped bacterium, is the causative agent of tularemia. Recently, an increase in the number of human tularemia cases has been noticed in several countries around the world. It has been reported mostly from North America, several Scandinavian countries, and certain Asian countries. The disease spreads through vectors such as mosquitoes, horseflies, deer flies, and ticks. Humans can acquire the disease through direct contact of sick animals, consumption of infected animals, drinking or direct contact of contaminated water, and inhalation of bacteria-loaded aerosols. Low infectious dose, aerosol route of infection, and its ability to induce fatal disease make it a potential agent of biological warfare. Tularemia leads to several clinical forms, such as glandular, ulceroglandular, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, respiratory, and typhoidal forms. The disease is diagnosed through the use of culture, serology, or molecular methods. Quinolones, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides are frequently used in the treatment of tularemia. No licensed vaccine is available in the prophylaxis of tularemia and this is need of the time and high-priority research area. This review mostly focuses on general features, importance, current status, and preventive measures of this disease.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- biologické bojové látky MeSH
- Francisella tularensis izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci přenášené klíšťaty farmakoterapie epidemiologie mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- objevující se infekční nemoci farmakoterapie epidemiologie mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- přenos infekční nemoci prevence a kontrola MeSH
- tularemie farmakoterapie epidemiologie mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
