37600821 OR Activity of tafasitamab in combination with rituximab in subtypes of aggressive lymphoma Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
BACKGROUND: Despite recent advances in the treatment of aggressive lymphomas, a significant fraction of patients still succumbs to their disease. Thus, novel therapies are urgently needed. As the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab and the CD19-targeting antibody tafasitamab share distinct modes of actions, we investigated if dual-targeting of aggressive lymphoma B-cells by combining rituximab and tafasitamab might increase cytotoxic effects. METHODS: Antibody single and combination efficacy was determined investigating different modes of action including direct cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) in in vitro and in vivo models of aggressive B-cell lymphoma comprising diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL). RESULTS: Three different sensitivity profiles to antibody monotherapy or combination treatment were observed in in vitro models: while 1/11 cell lines was primarily sensitive to tafasitamab and 2/11 to rituximab, the combination resulted in enhanced cell death in 8/11 cell lines in at least one mode of action. Treatment with either antibody or the combination resulted in decreased expression of the oncogenic transcription factor MYC and inhibition of AKT signaling, which mirrored the cell line-specific sensitivities to direct cytotoxicity. At last, the combination resulted in a synergistic survival benefit in a PBMC-humanized Ramos NOD/SCID mouse model. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the combination of tafasitamab and rituximab improves efficacy compared to single-agent treatments in models of aggressive B-cell lymphoma in vitro and in vivo.
- MeSH
- Burkittův lymfom * farmakoterapie MeSH
- difúzní velkobuněčný B-lymfom * farmakoterapie MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
- leukocyty mononukleární MeSH
- myši inbrední NOD MeSH
- myši SCID MeSH
- myši MeSH
- rituximab farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Difuzní velkobuněčný B lymfom je nejčastějším maligním lymfomem v našich podmínkách. Standardní léčbou založenou na imunochemoterapii R-CHOP (rituximab, cyklofosfamid, doxorubicin, vincristin, prednison) a záchranné terapii na bázi platinového režimu a vysokodávkované chemoterapie s autologní transplantací je možno vyléčit asi 60-70 % pacientů. Zlepšení prognózy v první linii ve srovnání s režimem R-CHOP u pacientů s rizikovým onemocněním přinesla kombinace polatuzumab vedotinu s R-CHP (rituximab, cyklofosfamid, doxorubicin, prednison) s 27% redukcí rizika progrese, relapsu nebo úmrtí ve dvou letech s 2letým přežitím bez progrese 76,7 % vs. 70,2 % při standardní léčbě (poměr rizik [hazard ratio, HR] 0,73; p = 0,02). Jako perspektivní se dále v první linii jeví kombinace režimu R-CHOP s tafasitamabem a lenalidomidem, resp. bispecifickými protilátkami glofitamabem, epcoritamabem a odronextamabem zapojujícími mechanismy T buněčné imunity. V situaci relabované nemoci u pacientů s progresí nemoci do 1 roku je nyní standardním postupem buněčná terapie přípravky CAR-T terapie (T lymfocyty s chimérickým antigenním receptorem) axicabtagen ciíoíeuceíem (axi-cel) a lisocabtagen maraleucelem (liso-cel), které ve srovnání s platinovými režimy a vysokodávkovanou chemoterapií s autologní transplantací přinesly 60-65% redukci rizika selhání léčby: 2leté přežití bez události (event free survival, EFS) 41 % u axi-celu vs. 16 % (HR 0,40; p < 0,001); 2leté EFS 45 % u liso-celu vs. 24 % (HR 0,35; p < 0,0001). Ve třetí a vyšší linii se velmi účinná jeví terapie bispecifickými protilátkami glofitamabem a epcoritamabem, u kterých v monoterapii je možno dosáhnout až 39 % kompletních remisí s následným trváním odpovědi delší než 12 měsíců až u 80 % pacientů. Dalšími nadějnými léky jsou imunokonjugát loncastuximab tesirin a kombinace monoklonální protilátky tafasitamabu s lenalidomidem.
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common subtype of aggressive malignant lymphoma. First line therapy based on R-CHOP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) and platinum-based salvage therapy with high dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell support leads to cure in approximately 60-70% of patients. In first line setting in patients with high risk profile disease, polatuzumab vedotin in combination with R-CHP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisone) improved prognosis with 27% risk reduction of progression, relapse or death at 2 years with 2years progression free survival of 76.7% vs. 70.2% with standard therapy. (HR 0.73; p = 0.02). Further, the combination of R-CHOP regimen with tafasitamab and lenalidomide or T-cell immunity activating bispecific antibodies glofitamab, epcoritamab and odronextamab seems promising. In relapsed setting, in patients with disease progression within 1 year CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor T-lymphocytes) therapy with axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel) represents now a standard of care, that in comparison to platinum based therapy and high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support leads to 60-65% reduction of risk of treatment failure: 2year event free survival (EFS) 41% with axi-cel vs. 16% (HR 0.40; p < 0.001); 2year EFS 45% with liso-cel vs. 24% (HR 0.35; p < 0.0001). In a third or later line of therapy, bispecific antibodies glofitamab and epcoritamab seems to be effective modality with complete remission rate of 39% and duration of complete response more than 12 months in up to 80% of patients. Another promising option include immunoconjugate loncastuximab tesirin and combination of monoclonal antibody tafasitamab with lenalidomide.