seeds Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
- MeSH
- léčivé rostliny MeSH
- lékové postižení jater MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nemoci jater farmakoterapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Understanding the mechanisms regulating the development of cereal seeds is essential for plant breeding and increasing yield. However, the analysis of cereal seeds is challenging owing to the minute size, the liquid character of some tissues, and the tight inter-tissue connections. Here, we demonstrate a detailed protocol for dissection of the embryo, endosperm, and seed maternal tissues at early, middle, and late stages of barley seed development. The protocol is based on a manual tissue dissection using fine-pointed tools and a binocular microscope, followed by ploidy analysis-based purity control. Seed maternal tissues and embryos are diploid, while the endosperm is triploid tissue. This allows the monitoring of sample purity using flow cytometry. Additional measurements revealed the high quality of RNA isolated from such samples and their usability for high-sensitivity analysis. In conclusion, this protocol describes how to practically dissect pure tissues from developing grains of cultivated barley and potentially also other cereals.
The fruits of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (Schisandraceae/Magnoliaceae) are a traditional Oriental medicine possessing adaptogenic and hepatoprotective activities. The lignan content in seeds and fruits of the species cultured in various European locations has been investigated. The lignans were extracted from 17 samples of the seeds with supercritical CO2 and the major components--schizandrin (1), gomisin A (2), de-oxyschizandrin (3), gomisin N (4), and wuweizisu C (5)--were quantified by HPLC. Compounds 1-5 were present in the seeds in the range 0.75-1.86, 0.13-0.90, 0.07-1.09, 0.24-1.49, and 0.01 -0.34 %, respectively. It was found that the plants cultivated in Europe accumulated comparable amounts of lignans as those of the natural distribution range.
- MeSH
- lignany MeSH
- Schisandra MeSH
- semena rostlinná MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
Wild barley is abundant, occupying large diversity of sites, ranging from the northern mesic Mediterranean meadows to the southern xeric deserts in Israel. This is also reflected in its wide phenotypic heterogeneity. We investigated the dynamics of DNA content changes in seed tissues in ten wild barley accessions that originated from an environmental gradient in Israel. The flow cytometric measurements were done from the time shortly after pollination up to the dry seeds. We show variation in mitotic cell cycle and endoreduplication dynamics in both diploid seed tissues (represented by seed maternal tissues and embryo) and in the triploid endosperm. We found that wild barley accessions collected at harsher xeric environmental conditions produce higher proportion of endoreduplicated nuclei in endosperm tissues. Also, a comparison of wild and cultivated barley strains revealed a higher endopolyploidy level in the endosperm of wild barley, that is accompanied by temporal changes in the timing of the major developmental phases. In summary, we present a new direction of research focusing on connecting spatiotemporal patterns of endoreduplication in barley seeds and possibly buffering for stress conditions.
- MeSH
- DNA rostlinná genetika MeSH
- endosperm genetika MeSH
- genetická variace genetika MeSH
- ječmen (rod) genetika MeSH
- polyploidie MeSH
- populační genetika metody MeSH
- semena rostlinná genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Izrael MeSH
