A hapten-protein conjugate with copper nanoparticles (Hap-Car-BSA@CuNPs) was first synthesized in the present work for the determination of carbaryl. The copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) of the conjugate were used as electrochemical labels in the direct solid-phase competitive determination of carbaryl residues in flour from different crops. The signal was read by linear sweep anodic stripping voltammetry (LSASV) of copper (through the electrochemical stripping of accumulated elemental copper) on a gold-graphite electrode (GGE). To form a recognition receptor layer of monoclonal antibodies against the carbaryl on the surface of the GGE, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and 1-hydroxy-2,5-pyrrolidinedione (NHS) were used as the best covalent cross-linkers. The concentrations of the antibodies and the Hap-Car-BSA@CuNPs conjugate were optimized for carbaryl detection by the electrochemical immunosensor. The electrochemical immunosensor can be used for highly sensitive determination of carbaryl residues in flour samples in the concentration range 0.8-32.3 μg·kg-1, with a limit of detection 0.08 μg·kg-1. The present work paves the path for a novel method for monitoring carbaryl in other food products, drinks, and soil samples.
A highly effective way to improve prognosis of viral infectious diseases and to determine the outcome of infection is early, fast, simple, and efficient diagnosis of viral pathogens in biological fluids. Among a wide range of viral pathogens, Flaviviruses attract a special attention. Flavivirus genus includes more than 70 viruses, the most familiar being dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Haemorrhagic and encephalitis diseases are the most common severe consequences of flaviviral infection. Currently, increasing attention is being paid to the development of electrochemical immunological methods for the determination of Flaviviruses. This review critically compares and evaluates recent research progress in electrochemical biosensing of DENV, ZIKV, and JEV without labelling. Specific attention is paid to comparison of detection strategies, electrode materials, and analytical characteristics. The potential of so far developed biosensors is discussed together with an outlook for further development in this field.
- MeSH
- biosenzitivní techniky * MeSH
- dengue * diagnóza MeSH
- Flavivirus * MeSH
- infekce virem zika * diagnóza MeSH
- japonská encefalitida * diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- virus zika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
