This study was aimed at comparing the force-velocity relationship during cycling and arm cranking in males and females. Thirty-two male and twenty-two female healthy volunteers performed a force-velocity test on a cycle ergometer and a cranking ergometer in a randomly selected order. The theoretical values of the maximum force at zero speed (F0) and the maximum velocity at zero braking force (v0) for the lower and upper limbs were determined, and the maximum anaerobic power (Pmax) was calculated from the individual force-velocity relationship. The Pmax and F0 of the upper limbs related to the lower limbs correspond to 78.2 ± 14.3% and 80.1 ± 17.3% in men and 65.5 ± 12.5% and 74.5 ± 6.5% in women, respectively. The theoretical maximum velocity v0 of the upper limbs to the lower limbs attained 129.1 ± 29.0% in men and 127.4 ± 26.4% in women. The results of the study can serve as reference data for the force-velocity characteristics of the upper and lower limbs of male and female athletes. The results can be used both in training and rehabilitation programs, where the starting point is the objectification of possible strength deficits in various areas of the force-velocity characteristic spectrum of the muscles of the upper and lower limbs.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: It is not clear if soccer training affected the development of muscle strength positively in children. We hypothesize that soccer training could positively affect the isokinetic concentric muscle strength and anthropometric characteristics in different ages of adolescents of the same biological age. METHODS: A total of 126 young soccer players (N.=66) and untrained boys (N.=60) throughout the developmental ages of 12, 14 and 16 years volunteered to participate in the study. Sexual maturation was classified according to Tanner's stages. Soccer players, except from their school's physical education program, participate also in a soccer training program. All participants underwent anthropometric measurements. The isokinetic-concentric peak torque values of the hamstrings (H) and quadriceps (Q), as well as the conventional strength ratios of H:Q, were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer at angular velocities of 60, 180, and 300°·s-1. RESULTS: Anthropometric differences in the same age group, between trained and untrained, were presented only for 12-year-olds (height, P<0.001 and BMI, P<0.01). Between groups, differences were observed in almost all anthropometric measurements, probably as result of development. The absolute isokinetic-concentric muscle strength was significantly higher (P<0.001) in the 12- and 16-year-old trained group, compared to untrained, for the knee-flexors and knee-extensors. However, no significant differences were found between the trained and untrained 14-year-olds, for the muscle groups of Q and H. The H:Q strength ratios did not differ between groups at all angular velocities. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that systematic soccer training has a positive effect in the peripheral system, expressed as an increased lower limb muscle strength; specifically, Q and H.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fotbal * MeSH
• kosterní svaly MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• svalová síla MeSH
• točivý moment MeSH
• zadní stehenní svaly * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of soccer training on maximal oxygen uptake and anthropometric characteristics in different ages of soccer players and untrained adolescents of the same biological age. METHODS: A total of one hundred and twenty-six (N.=126) young soccer players and untrained boys throughout the developmental ages of 12 (soccer players N.=22; untrained boys = 22) 14 (soccer players N.=20; untrained boys = 18) and 16 (soccer players N.=22; untrained boys = 22) volunteered to participate in the study. Sexual maturation was classified according to Tanner's stages. Soccer players participated both in their school's physical education program and in a soccer training program, while the untrained participated only in their school's physical education program. All participants underwent anthropometric measurements and performed a maximal exercise test on a motor driven treadmill to determine maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and cardiorespiratory indices. Blood lactate (BL) concentration was determined in the 5th minute of recovery using a lactate photometer. RESULTS: The trained group showed significantly higher V̇O2max, in absolute and relative values (P<0.001), BLmax (P<0.05) and maximal respiratory exchange ratio (RERmax) (P<0.05) compared to the untrained group. Resting heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower (P<0.05) for the trained compared to untrained. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study showed that systematic soccer training has a positive effect in the central cardiovascular system expressed as V̇O2max, HR and blood pressure.

• MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• fotbal fyziologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• respirační funkční testy MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku fyziologie   MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• tělesná výchova MeSH
• tolerance zátěže fyziologie   MeSH
• zátěžový test metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The purpose of the present study was to compare the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform composition of the deltoid and vastus lateralis muscles of the dominant and non-dominant limbs in handball players. Eleven male Greek elite handball players (age 22.6 ± 1.9 yrs, training experience 10.6 ± 2.1 yrs, height 184.1 ± 4.1 cm, and weight 81.0 ± 12.5 kg) participated in the study. Four muscle biopsies were obtained from the dominant and non-dominant deltoid and vastus lateralis muscles during the in-season period. The MHC composition was determined using SDS-PAGE. No significant difference was found between the dominant and non-dominant muscles; Deltoid muscle: MHC I [(95%CI = -1.22, 0.33), P = 0.228], MHC ΙΙa [(95%CI = -0.32, 1.59), P = 0.168] and MHC IIx [(95%CI = -1.49, 1.10), P = 0.749]; Vastus lateralis muscle: MHC I [(95%CI = -0.38, 0.63), P = 0.586], MHC ΙΙa [(95%CI = -0.50, 0.65), P = 0.783] and MHC IIx [(95%CI = -1.08, 0.42), P = 0.355]. The findings of the present study indicate that the greater use of the dominant limbs for throwing actions and body movements in handball do not lead to altered MHC isoform composition compared to the non-dominant limbs.

• MeSH
• čtyřhlavý sval stehenní chemie   MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• musculus deltoideus chemie   MeSH
• protein - isoformy analýza   MeSH
• sporty fyziologie   MeSH
• těžké řetězce myosinu analýza   chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Tables for calculating the energy expenditure of the physical activities of the general population cannot be used due to the different paralysis of the upper or lower limbs in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). The purpose of this review is to compare the differences in the values of basal metabolic rate (BMR), basal energy expenditure (BEE), resting energy expenditure (REE) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) the values evidenced in the literature, observed values vs predicted values using the Harris-Benedict equation. We realized the background research from the time period from 1985 to 2018. We searched in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases for articles addressing the relationship between BMR and people with SCI. We compared the parameters of BMR, BEE, REE and RMR according to Harris-Benedict (HB) equation for persons with SCI. The study confirmed that the energy expenditure of persons with SCI could not be evaluated correctly by the Harris-Benedict equation.

• MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• bazální metabolismus fyziologie   MeSH
• databáze bibliografické MeSH
• energetický metabolismus * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nepřímá kalorimetrie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• paraplegie metabolismus   MeSH
• poranění míchy metabolismus   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of long term (prolonged) football training on maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and isokinetic muscle strength in young football players and untrained boys of the same biological age. Twenty football competitive boys (mean age 14 ± 0 yrs; height 165.5 ± 8.5 cm; weight 59.9 ± 9.5 kg; years of training 7 ± 3) and eighteen untrained school boys (mean age 14 ± 0; height 168.22 ± 10.46 cm; weight 59.3 ± 9.9 kg) of the same biological age volunteered to participate in the study. Sexual maturation classified according to Tanner’s stage 3. The football players participated both in their school’s physical education program and in their football team training program while the untrained group participated only in their school’s physical education program (2–3 times per week for 40 min). All subjects were tested for maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) on the treadmill using an open circuit spirometry. The isokinetic peak torque values of quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H) as well as the H : Q strength ratios were recorded. Hcon : Qcon was calculated as the ratio of the peak concentric torque of H to the peak concentric torque of the Q. Results showed that the trained group had significantly lower heart rate in rest (p < 0.001), higher RER (p < 0.001), maximal blood lactate (BLmax) (p < 0.001) and higher V̇O2 max in both relative and absolute values (p < 0.001) compared to the untrained group. At angular velocities of 60 ° s−1 and 180 ° s−1 the relative peak torque of Q and H were significantly higher (Q = p < 0.01; H = p < 0.01). However, the absolute values of Q and H as well as the H : Q ratios at all angular velocities did not differ significantly between the two groups. The results suggest that systematic football training (intensity and duration) has a positive effect in metabolic capacity, cardiorespiratory system and neuromuscular function.

• MeSH
• fotbal * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• svalová síla * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH

Nároky kladené na osobní ochránce se netýkají pouze psychické odolnosti, tj. zvládání stresu a zátěžových situací, ale i fyzické připravenosti. Cílem této práce bylo zhodnocení somatického profilu, tj. tělesné konstituce a analýza parametrů tělesného složení, u příslušníků Ochranné služby Policie České republiky. Soubor tvořilo celkem 21 dobrovolníků ve věkové rozmezí 28 - 55 let (průměrný věk - 37,2 ± 8,2 let, tělesná výška - 184,0 ± 4,9 cm, tělesná hmotnost - 90,6 ± 9,7 kg, BMI - 26,7 ± 2,5 kg / m2, tělesný tuk - 18,3 ± 4,0 %, tukuprostá hmota - 73,9 ± 6,7 kg, svalová hmota - 70,2 ± 6,4 kg, TBW - 58,5 ± 3,3 %). Průměrný somatotyp souboru byl charakterizován trojčíslím 2,7 - 6,0 - 1,6, tj. endomorfní mezomorf (61,9 % souboru). V současnosti bohužel neexistují legislativní směrnice, které by upravovaly metodiku fyzického přezkušování příslušníků Ochranné služby PČR. A to i přes to, že právě tělesné charakteristiky mohou významně ovlivnit fyzickou zdatnost jedince a tím i samotný výkon povolání.

Claims on bodyguards are not just about psychological resilience, ie. stress management and stressful situations, but also physical readiness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the somatic profile, ie. physical constitution and analysis of parameters of body composition, for members of the Protective Services of the Police of the Czech Republic. The group consisted of 21 volunteers aged 28-55 years (mean age - 37.2 ± 8.2 years, body height - 184.0 ± 4.9 cm, body weight - 90.6 ± 9.7 kg, BMI - 26.7 ± 2.5 kg / m2, body fat - 18.3 ± 4.0 %, fat free mass - 73.9 ± 6.7 kg, muscle mass - 70.2 ± 6.4 kg, TBW - 58.5 ± 3.3 %). The average somatotype of group was characterized by a triple number of 2.7 - 6.0 - 1.6, ie. the endomorphic mesomorph (61.9 % of group). At present, there are no legislative directives that would regulate the methodology of physical examination of the members of the Protective Service of the Police. This is despite the fact that the physical characteristics can significantly affect the physical fitness of the individual and hence the profession itself.

• MeSH
• antropometrie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• policie * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• složení těla MeSH
• somatotypy MeSH
• tělesná konstituce MeSH
• tělesné váhy a míry statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• hydrokortison škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• psychický stres * metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Sledování řady antropometrických parametrů a analýza tělesného složení, resp. vztah jednotlivých komponent tělesného složení, mohou být vhodným ukazatelem nejen nutričního stavu jedince, ale také ukazatelem vlivu pohybové aktivity na organismus. Běh na lyžích patří mezi cyklické vytrvalostní aktivity. Cílem naší studie bylo zjistit vybrané antropometrické parametry a stanovit somatotyp u mladých lyžařů běžců ve věku 13 – 16 let. Soubor tvořilo celkem 15 chlapců (průměrný věk – 14,3 ± 0,9 let, tělesná výška – 169,0 ± 11,3 cm, tělesná hmotnost – 53,2 ± 10,6 kg, BMI – 18,4 ± 1,5 kg/m2). Prů- měrný somatotyp probandů byl mezomorfní ektomorf (1,2 – 3,5 – 4,5). Ke stanovení tělesného složení jsme použili měření tloušťky kožních řas podle Pařízkové (1977), (průměrné hodnoty – tělesný tuk – 9,2 ± 1,8 %, tukuprostá hmota – 48,3 ± 9,9 kg).

Monitoring a series of anthropometric parameters and body composition analysis, respectively the relationship of components of body composition, may be an appropriate indicator of nutritional status, not only the individual, but also indicative of the influence of physical activity on the organism. Cross-country skiing is among the cyclic endurance activity. The aim of our study was to determine the selected anthropometric parameters and determine the somatotype in young cross-country skiers from 13 to 16 years old. The group consisted of 15 boys (average age - 14,3 ± 0,9 years, height - 169,0 ± 11,3 cm, weight - 53,2 ± 10,6 kg, BMI - 18,4 ± 1,5 kg/m2). The average somatotype of probands was mezomorfic ectomorph (1,2 - 3,5 - 4,5). We used skinfold thickness measurement by Pařízková (1977) for the body composition analysis (average values - fat mass - 9,2 ± 1,8 %, fat free mass - 48,3 ± 9,9 kg).

• MeSH
• antropometrie metody   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lyžování * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• složení těla MeSH
• tělesné váhy a míry * MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH

The aim of this study was to analyse the dietary habits of subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI), especially to evaluate differences in the presence and distribution of various food groups among a group of males and females. Subjects (n = 50, n1 = 36 males, n2 = 14 females) completed a frequency questionnaire, which included questions focused on the detection of size of consumed foods and frequency of consumption of various food groups (cereals, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, dairy products, meat, meat products, fats, sweets). We noted significant differences in the composition of breakfast (meat intake), lunch (vegetable intake, dairy intake), dinner (dairy intake, sweet intake), snacks (fats intake) in males and females. Differences in dietary habits of males and females with SCI especially concerned sizes of consumed servings of food, but also the representation of individual food groups in the diet throughout the day. In this context, the adapted food pyramid can be used as a visual tool to facilitate understanding and the maintenance of a healthy diet.

• MeSH
• hodnocení stavu výživy MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční nároky MeSH
• paraplegie dietoterapie   klasifikace   MeSH
• poranění míchy * dietoterapie   MeSH
• postižení MeSH
• preference v jídle MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• výživové doporučené dávky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH