- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
One of the main contributors to pharmaceutical pollution of surface waters are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that contaminate the food chain and affect non-target water species. As there are not many studies focusing on toxic effects of NSAIDs on freshwater fish species and specially effects after dietary exposure, we selected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as the ideal model to examine the impact of two NSAIDs - diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBP). The aim of our study was to test toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of these drugs together with exposure doses of 100× higher, including their mixture; and to deepen knowledge about the mechanism of toxicity of these drugs. This study revealed kidneys as the most affected organ with hyalinosis, an increase in oxidative stress markers, and changes in gene expression of heat shock protein 70 to be signs of renal toxicity. Furthermore, hepatotoxicity was confirmed by histopathological analysis (i.e. dystrophy, congestion, and inflammatory cell increase), change in biochemical markers, increase in heat shock protein 70 mRNA, and by oxidative stress analysis. The gills were locally deformed and showed signs of inflammatory processes and necrotic areas. Given the increase in oxidative stress markers and heat shock protein 70 mRNA, severe impairment of oxygen transport may be one of the toxic pathways of NSAIDs. Regarding the microbiota, an overgrowth of Gram-positive species was detected; in particular, significant dysbiosis in the Fusobacteria/Firmicutes ratio was observed. In conclusion, the changes observed after dietary exposure to NSAIDs can influence the organism homeostasis, induce ROS production, potentiate inflammations, and cause gut dysbiosis. Even the environmentally relevant concentration of NSAIDs pose a risk to the aquatic ecosystem as it changed O. mykiss health parameters and we assume that the toxicity of NSAIDs manifests itself at the level of mitochondria and proteins.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika nesteroidní metabolismus MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * metabolismus MeSH
- diklofenak metabolismus MeSH
- dysbióza MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
- ibuprofen metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- kyslík metabolismus MeSH
- léčivé přípravky metabolismus MeSH
- messenger RNA metabolismus MeSH
- Oncorhynchus mykiss * metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- proteiny tepelného šoku HSP70 metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- voda metabolismus MeSH
- zánět chemicky indukované MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: G-POEM is an emerging method for treatment of severe gastroparesis. Safe mucosal closure is necessary to avoid adverse events. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two closure methods: clips and endoscopic suturing (ES) after G-POEM. METHODS: We performed a single center, prospective study. The closure method was assigned at the discretion of an endoscopist prior to the procedure. The main outcome was the proportion of subjects with successful closure. Unsuccessful closure was defined as a need for a rescue method, or a need for an additional intervention or incomplete closure-related adverse events. Secondary outcomes were the easiness of closure (VAS score 1 = very difficult, 10 = easy), closure time, and cost. RESULTS: A total of 40 patients [21 female; mean age, range 47.5; (20-74)] were included; 20 received ES and 20 clips [mean number of clips 6; range (4-19)]. All 20 patients with ES (100%, 95% CI 84-100%) and 18 patients with clips (89%, 95% CI 70-97%) had successful closure (p = 0.49). One patient needed a rescue method (KING closure) and the other patient an additional clipping on POD1. Closure with clips was quicker [mean time 9.8 (range 4-20) min vs. 14.1 (5-21) min; p = 0.007] and cheaper [mean cost 807 USD (± 402) vs. 2353 USD (± 145); p < 0.001]. Endoscopist assessed the easiness of ES and clips as comparable [mean VAS, range 7.5 (3-10) (ES) vs. 6.9 (3-10) (clips); p = 0.3]. CONCLUSIONS: Both ES and clips are effective methods for mucosal closure in patients undergoing G-POEM. However, centres using clips should have a rescue closure method available as clips may fail in some patients. Closure with ES is more costly than with clips.
- MeSH
- achalázie jícnu * chirurgie MeSH
- chirurgické nástroje MeSH
- endoskopie MeSH
- gastroparéza * chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- pyloromyotomie * metody MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Due to the fact that plastic pollution is a global environmental problem of modern age, studies on the impact of these synthetic materials on aquatic, and especially fish organisms, are an important part of the ecosystem and human nutrition. In our study, the toxicity of pristine polyethylene (PE) microparticles (approx. 50 μm) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was tested in three different dietary concentrations - 0.5%, 2% and 5%. After six weeks of exposure, various health indices were evaluated. Electron microscopy of the intestine revealed the disintegration of PE particles to <5 μm in size, and thus we concluded that microplastics are able to reach tissues. The haematological profile revealed changes in total red blood cells count and haematocrit (5% PE) which could be associated with spleen congestion observed histologically. The marker of lipid peroxidation was increased in gills suggesting the disruption of balance in antioxidant enzymes capacity and histopathological imaging revealed inflammation in higher PE concentrations. In addition, ammonia was decreased and calcium elevated in biochemical profile, confirming the gill damage. Electron microscopy of the gills showed lesions of lamellae and visible rings around the mucinous cell opening indicating their higher activity. Another injured was the liver tissue, as confirmed by hepatodystrophies and increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes in 2% PE. Impaired innate immunity was confirmed by an increased presence of mucinous cells and a decrease in leukocytes. Kidney damage manifested itself by higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and histopathology. The damage in gills, liver and kidney together correlated with the increased antioxidant capacity of plasma. In conclusion, PE microparticles are able to affect health indices of O. mykiss. The potential problem for aquatic ecosystems and even human consumption should be considered.
Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) mean for the human organism a potentially dangerous situation. An investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides important information about a character of CNS impairment in the decision-making diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm. The authors present a brief overview of available cerebrospinal fluid assays, shortened indication criteria, a recommended algorithm of CSF assessment in different suspected diseases, and a view of the external quality system. The whole portfolio of obtainable CSF methodology is further subdivided according to the adequate choice into the first and inevitable basic routine panel, and following complicated analyses of highly specialized character. The basic panel is considered for standard laboratories, the complete specialized assessment should be provided by a super-consulting laboratory.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- cytologické techniky MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrofágy MeSH
- mozkomíšní mok chemie cytologie MeSH
- proteiny v mozkomíšním moku analýza MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Proper management of multiple sclerosis (MS) requires feedback from clinical practice via registries. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the Czech national multiple sclerosis registry, ReMuS, and explore the availability and use of disease-modifying drugs (DMD). METHODS: The analysis focused on patients who started their first DMD, either with first-line or second-line medication and was based on reimbursement criteria set by Czech regulators. Baseline information was used to predict relapses after DMD initiation and to compare patients that started DMD in different years. RESULTS: A total of 3,328 patients started DMD treatment for MS between 2013 and 2016; 3,203 on first-line and 125 on second-line medication. The proportion of patients starting on second-line drugs increased from 1.8% in 2013 to 4.7% in 2016. The occurrence of a relapse within one year of DMD initiation was significantly related to (1) the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score immediately prior to starting DMD and (2) the number of previous relapses. Both parameters were significantly lower in patients starting in later years of the explored interval. CONCLUSION: Data from the ReMuS registry highlights improvements made in the management of MS in the Czech Republic. However, a relatively low percentage of patients started treatment using second-line drugs, in contrast to trends in other countries.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- imunologické faktory terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- registrace MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza farmakoterapie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory-demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Autoimmune inflammation is common in the early stages of MS and is followed by neurodegenerative processes. The result of these changes is axon and myelin breakdown. The paraclinical examination methods are an important part of the diagnostic process. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and the cervical spinal cord and an examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are common paraclinical examinations. An increasing number of studies deal with CSF and serum levels of biomarkers and their role in MS. We hypothesized that the level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) could be different in MS patients than in controls. These differences may be related to damage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB damage is quantified by the quotient of albumin (Q-alb). METHODS: CSF and serum levels of IL-8 were assessed in 102 patients with newly diagnosed MS meeting McDonald's revised diagnostic criteria and in 102 subjects as a control group. We then correlated these results with Q-alb. RESULTS: Levels of IL-8 in CSF were significantly higher in MS patients than in controls (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.0001). Serum levels of IL-8 were significantly lower in MS patients than in controls (Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.018). Spearman's correlation analysis proved a significant correlation between levels of IL-8 and Q-alb. CONCLUSION: As the etiology of MS is only partially known, research dealing with biomarkers in MS should continue. Better knowledge of etiology can provide a new perspective, especially for treatment.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hematoencefalická bariéra metabolismus MeSH
- interleukin-8 krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sérový albumin metabolismus MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
