Akutní zánět středouší (otitis media acuta, OMA) patří stále k nejobvyklejším onemocněním u dětí. Článek se zaměřuje na jednotlivé bakteriální původce OMA u dětí, jejich charakteristiku, změny v čase, stav rezistence a doporučené postupy léčby OMA na základě aktuálních dat.
Acute otitis media (AOM) is still one of the most common diseases in children. The article focuses on the individual bacterial agents of AOM in children, their characteristics, changes over time, the state of resistance and recommended management for the treatment of AOM based on current data.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- Haemophilus influenzae patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Moraxella catarrhalis patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- otitis media * etiologie farmakoterapie mikrobiologie MeSH
- penicilin V farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- peniciliny farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- Streptococcus pneumoniae patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- Streptococcus pyogenes patogenita účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Biological experiments involving isolated organs and tissues demand precise temperature monitoring and regulation. An automatic temperature control system was proposed and optimised on real isolated swine hearts and the prototype is described in this work. The traditional Langendorff apparatus consists of a heart holder, a reservoir of perfusion solution flowing to aortic cannula and a heating bath allowing passive heat transfer to the reservoir of perfusion solution. The commercial infrared camera FLIR T62101 was added to this basic set-up and used for very precise monitoring of the temperature kinetic of the organ and connected with an electronic feedback loop, which allowed real-time and precise regulation of heat transfer from the heating bath to the perfusion solution and in turn indirectly to the heart tissue. This provides real time control and active regulation of the myocardial tissue temperature. The infrared camera was tested in several modes and several variants of detection were optimised for ideal measurement of the region of interest of the ex vivo organ. The kinetics of the temperature changes and temperature stability of the tissue were recorded and calibrated by external electronic thermometers (type Pt100, inserted in tissue). The time lapse from the hang-up of the hypo termed organ (30 °C) until optimal warming (37 °C) was less than eight minutes in the final instrument prototype. The final stability of the 37 °C tissue temperature was approved; the temperature fluctuation of left ventricle tissue was characterised as 36.8 ± 0.5 °C. This upgraded traditional instrument could be used in specific preclinical and clinical transplantation and analytical projects in future.
- MeSH
- infračervené záření MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- preparace izolovaného srdce * metody MeSH
- termoregulace MeSH
- zahřívání metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMF) on the activation of different tissue recovery processes have already been fully understood. Preliminary recent data demonstrated that a special case of sinusoidal electromagnetic fields, known as amplitude-modulated currents (AMC) could have a potential to accelerate the cell metabolism or cell migration. An AMC generator was designed to generate sinusoidal induced electric currents with the amplitude modulation and the harmonic carrier frequency of 5,000 Hz was modulated by frequencies of 1 to 100 Hz. The magnetic field peak was 6 mT, electric field intensity 2 V/m and the current density of induced electrical currents was approximately 1 A/m(2). The coil of the generator was adapted to easy handling and safe integration into the shelf of the CO(2) incubator. The shelf with the coil was prepared for the introduction of cells in standard plastic in vitro chambers. The tests focused on cells with migratory capacity after injury or during immunological processes and thus, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), dendritic cells (DC), and fibroblasts were chosen. The tests involved exposures of the cells to LF EMF (180 min/day) every day, for a period of three days, before examining them for cell death, morphology changes, and CD markers. The samples were tested by using MTT assay and the effects on the intracellular concentration of reactive oxygen species were quantified. The cell migration was finally measured with the help of the transwell migration assay. None of the cell types showed any decrease in the cell viability after the LF EMF application and the cells displayed minimum changes in reactive oxygen species. Functional changes (acceleration of cell migration) after AMC exposure were statistically significant for the MSC samples only. The acceleration of MSCs is associated with the production of MMP by these cells. The EMF has a potential to be a safe, clinically applicable selective activator of MSC homing, MSC paracrine production, and subsequent regeneration processes.
- MeSH
- buňky 3T3 MeSH
- dendritické buňky fyziologie MeSH
- elektromagnetická pole * MeSH
- fibroblasty fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- matrixová metaloproteinasa 2 metabolismus MeSH
- mezenchymální kmenové buňky fyziologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- parakrinní signalizace MeSH
- pohyb buněk * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
