BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare trends in mortality and incidence, clinicopathological features and survival of patients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma under 50 years of age (early-onset pancreatic cancer [EOPC]) with patients diagnosed over 50 years of age (late-onset pancreatic cancer [LOPC]). METHODS: The national oncological registry of the Czech Republic was reviewed to identify all patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma diagnosed between the years 1985 and 2015. Incidence, mortality, clinicopathological and survival data were analyzed and compared between patients with EOPC and LOPC. RESULTS: From a total of 18 888 patients included in the study, 1324 patients were under the age of 50 years (7.0%). The average annual percentage changes (AAPC) in incidence of all patients with EOPC was -1.0%. The APPC for male patients with EOPC was -2.0% and for female patients was +0.6%. The AAPC in incidence for LOPC was +1.3%. There were no differences in tumor stage, grade or location between EOPC and LOPC. Young patients were more frequently male (64.4% vs. 52.9%), more frequently underwent treatment and had better overall survival. The median survival interval for EOPC was 5.9 months and for LOPC was 4.5 months (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The clinicopathological features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were similar in patients under and over the age of 50 years. Patients with EOPC survived longer than patients with LOPC. Continued efforts should be made to diagnose early and treat young patients aggressively.

• MeSH
• duktální karcinom pankreatu * epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní * epidemiologie   terapie   diagnóza   MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Coverage by examinations is a crucial indicator of the future impact on the burden of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study aimed to evaluate coverage by examinations associated with CRC screening and early cancer detection of CRC in the Czech Republic. The burden of CRC was also assessed. METHODS: The novel nationwide administrative registry with individual data (period 2010-19) was used to evaluate coverage by examinations for screening faecal occult blood test and colonoscopy. In the second step, additional examinations for early CRC detection were included in the coverage calculation (complete coverage). Age-specific trends in CRC incidence (period 1977-2018) were investigated using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS: Coverage by screening examinations within recommended interval was around 30%. Complete coverage reached >37% and >50% at the 3-year interval. The coverage by examinations for the non-screening population aged 40-49 years was almost 4% and 5% (most of them were colonoscopies) at the 3-year interval. In age groups aged ≥50 years, we observed a significant annual decline, especially in the 50-69 age group, with recent annual decreases reaching up to 5-7%. The change in trend and the recent decline were also observed in the age group 40-49. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the target screening population was covered by examinations potentially associated with early detection and subsequent treatment of colorectal neoplasms. The substantial coverage by potentially prophylactic examinations might be an explanation for the considerable decrease in CRC incidence.

• MeSH
• časná detekce nádoru * MeSH
• kolorektální nádory * diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• okultní krev MeSH
• plošný screening MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Calcium channel blockers are among the most commonly used agents in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. There are several known side-effects associated with their long-term use, whereas other potential adverse effects are yet to be proven. This study aims to evaluate the association between calcium channel blockers exposure and the incidence of second primary malignancy. We established a cohort of 1401 patients with colorectal cancer diagnosed in our institution between January 2003 and December 2016. Patients were followed-up until December 2020. The tumor characteristics and basic clinical data including medication information were obtained from the hospital information system database. Second malignancy was detected in 301 patients (21.5%), and occurred in 27.8% of patients who used calcium channel blockers compared to only 19.9% among non-users. Their use was associated with an increased incidence of bladder cancer in particular. Subanalysis of patients with second malignancy displayed a higher proportion of right-sided colon cancer compared to rectal carcinoma in non-users. Survival analysis revealed significantly better outcomes in early-stage colorectal cancer patients without a history of calcium channel blockers treatment or second primary malignancy.

• MeSH
• blokátory kalciových kanálů MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * MeSH
• kolon MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory rekta * MeSH
• nežádoucí účinky léčiv * MeSH
• sekundární malignity * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

An increasing number of studies has brought evidence of the protective role of statin use against different types of cancer. However, data on their association with second primary malignancies (SPMs) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of hypolipidemic treatment in the prevention of second primary cancer in colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. We conducted a retrospective single-institution study of 1401 patients with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer from January 2003 to December 2016, with follow-up until December 2020. An SPM was detected in 301 patients (21%), and the incidence was significantly lower in patients with statin medication. However, stratification by cancer types revealed an increased incidence of bladder and gastric cancer in hypolipidemic users. A Kaplan-Meier analysis of early-stage CRC survivors with an SPM showed a significant survival benefit in patients without a history of hypolipidemic treatment. Despite the protective role of statins on overall second cancer incidence, these data indicate that CRC survivors treated with hypolipidemic drugs should be screened more cautiously for SPMs, especially for gastric and bladder cancer.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Východiska: Novotvary močového měchýře představují významnou zdravotní zátěž české populace. Cílem naší práce bylo provedení komplexní analýzy časových trendů incidence, mortality a přežití 76 505 pacientů s novotvary močového měchýře na základě dat Národního onkologického registru České republiky za období 1977–2017. Materiál a metody: Časové trendy incidence a mortality byly hodnoceny metodou joinpoint regrese. K hodnocení přežití bylo využito relativního přežití a Coxův model proporcionálních rizik. Výsledky: Po roce 2004 dochází k významnému poklesu incidence zhoubných novotvarů močového měchýře (C67), a to o 1,9 % ročně a naopak k prudkému nárůstu novotvarů in situ o 16,9 % ročně. Pro mortalitu na zhoubné novotvary močového měchýře byl detekován významný pokles o 1,4 % ročně již po roce 1998. Pokles incidence a mortality byl nejvýraznější ve věkové skupině do 65 let a u lokalizovaného stadia onemocnění. Zatímco u prvních primárních zhoubných novotvarů močového měchýře dochází k významnému poklesu incidence i mortality, u zhoubných novotvarů močového měchýře diagnostikovaných jako následné primární novotvary je stále patrný nárůst. Pětileté relativní přežití pacientů se zhoubnými novotvary močového měchýře se zvýšilo z 52,1 % v období 1990–1993 na 62,3 % v období 2013–2017. Avšak při srovnání období 2003–2007 a 2013–2017 pozorujeme klesající charakter. Závěr: Pokles incidence a přežití pro zhoubné novotvary močového měchýře v posledních letech je způsoben především zvýšenou detekcí novotvarů in situ a změnami v klasifikaci. Klesající přežití rovněž souvisí s rostoucím věkem při diagnóze, narůstajícím počtem následných primárních novotvarů a rostoucím podílem pacientů s kouřením v anamnéze.

Background: Bladder neoplasms represent a significant disease burden in the Czech population. This study aimed to perform a complex time trend analysis of incidence, mortality, and survival of 76,505 patients with bladder neoplasms based on the Czech National Cancer Registry for 1977–2017. Materials and methods: The time trends of incidence and mortality were evaluated using the joinpoint regression. The relative survival and Cox proportional hazards model were used for survival analysis. Results: After 2004, a significant annual decrease by 1.9% in the incidence of malignant tumors of the bladder (C67) was observed, accompanied by a sharp annual increase in the incidence of in situ bladder cancer (D090) by 16.9%. For mortality from malignant tumors of the bladder, a significant decrease by 1.4% annually was detected after 1998. The decline in both incidence and mortality was most pronounced in the below-65 years age group and in patients with a localized stage at diagnosis. While a significant decline in both incidence and mortality was observed for the first primary malignant tumors of the bladder, both these measures increased for malignant tumors of the bladder as subsequent primary neoplasms. The five-year relative survival of patients with malignant tumors of the bladder increased from 52.1% in 1990–1993 to 62.3% in 2013–2017. However, comparing the periods 2003–2007 and 2013–2017, a decrease has been observed. Conclusion: The decrease in the incidence and survival of malignant tumors of the bladder in the recent period is in particular caused by improved detection of in situ bladder cancer and classification changes. Other reasons for the decreasing survival include the increasing age at diagnosis, the growing number of subsequent primary neoplasms, and the increasing proportion of smokers among patients.

• Klíčová slova
• Národní onkologický registr České republiky,
• MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory močového měchýře * epidemiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Evaluation of time trends is an integral part of a comprehensive analysis of cancer data. Our study aimed to assess trends in cancer incidence in the period 1977-2018 in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Cancer data were obtained from the Czech National Cancer Registry. Incidence trends were evaluated using the joinpoint regression. The overall trend for the entire analysed period and the current trend for the last 10 years were determined using the average annual percentage change. RESULTS: In the period 1977-2018, the age-standardised incidence (European standard) of malignant neoplasms excluding non-melanoma skin cancers increased from 518.2 to 681.9 cases per 100,000 population in men, and from 320.9 to 467.2 in women. The largest increase in trend in the analysed period was observed for melanoma, which showed an average annual increase of 4.0 % in men and 3.3 % in women. Over the last decade, a significant increase has been observed for head and neck cancer and oesophageal cancer, mainly in women. On the contrary, the largest decrease in trend in the analysed period was observed for stomach cancer, with an average decrease of 2.9 % in men and 2.8 % in women. Over the last 10 years, a highly significant decrease has also been observed for colorectal cancer: 3.2 % in men and 2.8 % in women. The largest difference in trend between the sexes was recorded in lung cancer: a steady decline of 1.3 % per year was observed for men, but an increase of 3.1 % per year was demonstrated for women. After the introduction of colorectal and cervical cancer screening programmes, a significant decrease of incidence rates for these diagnoses was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of the current cancer burden in the population and its time trends will help to prioritise targets and future resource allocation to cancer control.

• MeSH
• časná detekce nádoru * MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory děložního čípku * MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: The knowledge of cancer burden in the population, its time trends, and the possibility of international comparison is an important starting point for cancer programs. A reliable interactive tool describing cancer epidemiology in children and adolescents has been nonexistent in the Czech Republic until recently. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to develop a new web portal entitled the Czech Childhood Cancer Information System (CCCIS), which would provide information on childhood cancer epidemiology in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Data on childhood cancers have been obtained from the Czech National Cancer Registry. These data were validated using the clinical database of childhood cancer patients and subsequently combined with data from the National Register of Hospitalised Patients and with data from death certificates. These validated data were then used to determine the incidence and survival rates of childhood cancer patients aged 0 to 19 years who were diagnosed in the period 1994 to 2016 (N=9435). Data from death certificates were used to monitor long-term mortality trends. The technical solution is based on the robust PHP development Symfony framework, with the PostgreSQL system used to accommodate the data basis. RESULTS: The web portal has been available for anyone since November 2019, providing basic information for experts (ie, analyses and publications) on individual diagnostic groups of childhood cancers. It involves an interactive tool for analytical reporting, which provides information on the following basic topics in the form of graphs or tables: incidence, mortality, and overall survival. Feedback was obtained and the accuracy of outputs published on the CCCIS portal was verified using the following methods: the validation of the theoretical background and the user testing. CONCLUSIONS: We developed software capable of processing data from multiple sources, which is freely available to all users and makes it possible to carry out automated analyses even for users without mathematical background; a simple selection of a topic to be analyzed is required from the user.

• MeSH
• analýza dat * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• informační systémy MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory * epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Numbers of patients who develop subsequent primary tumours have markedly increased recently. This study aimed to carry out a comprehensive analysis documenting the risk of incidence of subsequent haematological malignancies. METHODS: The Czech National Cancer Registry was the main data source, containing records of 126,822 haematological malignancies diagnosed in the period 1977-2016. Subsequent haematological malignancies were identified according to IACR rules. Joinpoint regression was employed to assess the time trends. The risk of development of subsequent haematological malignancy was evaluated by the standardised incidence ratio. The Kaplan-Meier curves were used to assess the differences in survival. RESULTS: Age-standardised incidence of subsequent haematological malignancies increased from 0.5 in 1977 to 9.1 in 2016. In 1992, there was a significant change in the trend: a sharp increase by 7.7 % annually was revealed thereafter. The risk of development of a haematological malignancy was approximately 1.5 times higher in persons with history of any cancer than in the general Czech population. Patients with haematological malignancies - mainly myelodysplastic syndromes, polycythaemia vera and non-Hodgkin lymphoma - were shown to be at the highest risk of developing a subsequent haematological malignancy. While the median survival following a first haematological malignancy was 2.3 years, it was only 1.1 years for subsequent haematological malignancies (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified the highest-risk diagnoses in terms of development of subsequent haematological malignancy. The results might be useful to set up correctly follow-up procedures from which cancer patients could benefit.

• MeSH
• hematologické nádory epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• sekundární malignity epidemiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The prevalence of second primary malignancies (SPMs) in the western world is continually increasing with the risk of a new primary cancer in patients with previously diagnosed carcinoma at about 20%. The aim of this retrospective analysis is to identify SPMs in colorectal cancer patients in a single-institution cohort, describe the most frequent SPMs in colorectal cancer patients, and discover the time period to occurrence of second primary tumors. We identified 1174 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the period 2003-2013, with follow-up till 31.12.2018, and median follow-up of 10.1 years, (median age 63 years, 724 men). A second primary neoplasm was diagnosed in 234 patients (19.9%). Older age patients, those with early-stage disease and those with no relapse have a higher risk of secondary cancer development. The median time from cancer diagnosis to development of CRC was 8.9 years for breast cancer and 3.4 years for prostate cancer. For the most common cancer diagnosis after primary CRC, the median time to development was 0-5.2 years, depending on the type of malignancy. Patients with a diagnosis of breast, prostate, or kidney cancer, or melanoma should be regularly screened for CRC. CRC patients should also be screened for additional CRC as well as cancers of the breast, prostate, kidney, and bladder. The screening of cancer patients for the most frequent malignancies along with systematic patient education in this field should be the standard of surveillance for colorectal cancer patients.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kolorektální nádory diagnóza   mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• přežívající onkologičtí pacienti statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sekundární malignity diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH