Colonization by the benign tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta, has been associated with a reduction in intestinal inflammation and changes in bacterial microbiota. However, the role of microbiota in the tapeworm anti-inflammatory effect is not yet clear, and the aim of this study was to determine whether disruption of the microflora during worm colonization can affect the course of intestinal inflammation. We added a phase for disrupting the intestinal microbiota using antibiotics to the experimental design for which we previously demonstrated the protective effect of H. diminuta. We monitored the immunological markers, clinical parameters, bacterial microbiota, and histological changes in the colon of rats. After a combination of colonization, antibiotics, and colitis induction, we had four differently affected experimental groups. We observed a different course of the immune response in each group, but no protective effect was found. Rats treated with colonization and antibiotics showed a strong induction of the Th2 response as well as a significant change in microbial diversity. The microbial results also revealed differences in the richness and abundance of some bacterial taxa, influenced by various factors. Our data suggest that interactions between the tapeworm and bacteria may have a major impact on its protective effect.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Four species of Mammomonogamus are known from large African herbivores. A recent study demonstrated that a single Mammomonogamus species was shared by both western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) and African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) in Central African Republic, suggesting lower species diversity than previously described in literature. We examined more than 500 fecal samples collected from sympatric African forest elephants, western lowland gorillas, and African forest buffaloes (Syncerus caffer nanus) at four study sites across Central Africa and examined them by coproscopic methods to detect Mammomonogamus eggs, which were found at three of the study sites. Subsequently, sequences of 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, and cox1 amplified from individual eggs were analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses of both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA revealed two clades: one formed by sequences originating from Gabonese buffaloes and the other comprising gorillas and elephants. The gorilla-elephant clade was further differentiated depending on the locality. We show the existence of at least two distinct species of Mammomonogamus, M. loxodontis in elephants and gorillas and M. nasicola in buffaloes. The available information on Mammomonogamus in African herbivores is reviewed.
- MeSH
- buvoli parazitologie MeSH
- býložravci MeSH
- Entamoeba genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- Gorilla gorilla parazitologie MeSH
- helmintózy zvířat parazitologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- karboxypeptidasy genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA genetika MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 28S genetika MeSH
- sloni parazitologie MeSH
- Strongyloidea * klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Středoafrická republika MeSH
Syngamid strongylids of the genus Mammomonogamus undoubtedly belong among the least known nematodes with apparent zoonotic potential and the real diversity of the genus remains hard to evaluate without extensive molecular data. Eggs of Mammomonogamus sp. are frequently found in feces of African forest elephants (Loxodonta cyclotis) and western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas. Using sedimentation-based coproscopic techniques, we found the eggs of Mammomonogamus in 19·7% elephant and 54·1% gorilla fecal samples with 8-55 and 1-24 eggs per gram of fecal sediment for elephants and gorillas, respectively. We used a combination of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and a partial sequence of 18S rDNA isolated from single eggs to test the hypothesis of possible Mammomonogamus conspecificity in gorillas and elephants. Whereas 18S rDNA sequences were identical in both gorillas and elephants, we distinguished seven different haplotypes within the cox1. Two haplotypes were found in both gorillas and elephants suggesting sharing of Mammomonogamus. Assignment of the parasite to M. loxodontis is proposed. Provided sequences represent the first genomic data on Mammomonogamus spp.
- MeSH
- DNA helmintů genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- Gorilla gorilla * MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- infekce hlísticemi řádu Strongylida epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- nemoci lidoopů epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- proteiny červů genetika MeSH
- respirační komplex IV genetika MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA veterinární MeSH
- sloni * MeSH
- Strongyloidea klasifikace genetika fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Středoafrická republika epidemiologie MeSH
Schistosomiasis affects millions of people across Africa. We detected eggs of Schistosoma mansoni in western lowland gorilla and central chimpanzee fecal samples in Loango National Park, Gabon. We analyzed nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, namely internal transcribed spacer and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 fragments, and the resulting maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses and haplotype network of the ITS and COI, respectively, showed that the samples from gorillas and chimpanzees clustered clearly within the S. mansoni clade. This is the first confirmed record of S. mansoni from Gabon, which urges surveillance in the area and prompts questions regarding the extent of zoonotic transmission and the clinical impact.
- MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- Gorilla gorilla parazitologie MeSH
- haplotypy MeSH
- intergenová DNA genetika MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA genetika MeSH
- objevující se infekční nemoci epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- opomíjené nemoci epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- Pan troglodytes parazitologie MeSH
- podjednotky proteinů MeSH
- respirační komplex IV genetika MeSH
- Schistosoma mansoni genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- schistosomiasis mansoni epidemiologie veterinární MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Gabon epidemiologie MeSH
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide concern of public health. Unfortunately, resistant bacteria are spreading to all ecosystems, including the strictly protected ones. We investigated antimicrobial resistance in gastrointestinal Enterobacteriaceae of wild mammals and people living within Dzangha-Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic, with an emphasis on extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes. We compare resistance genes found in microbiota of humans, gorillas habituated and unhabituated to humans and other wildlife. In gorillas, we additionally investigate the presence of ESBL resistant isolates after treatment by ceftiofur. We found a considerable prevalence of multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates with ESBL and PMQR genes in humans (10% and 31%, respectively). Among wildlife the most significant findings were CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a habituated gorilla and a multiresistant Escherichia coli isolate with gene qepA in an unhabituated gorilla. Other isolates from wildlife were mostly represented by qnrB-harboring Citrobacter spp. The relatedness of resistant E. coli was investigated in a PFGE-based dendrogram; isolates from gorillas showed less than 80% similarity to each other and less than 80% similarity to human isolates. No ESBL-producing isolates were found in animals treated by ceftiofur. Although we did not detect any bacterial clone common to wildlife and humans, we detected an intersection in the spectrum of resistance genes found in humans and gorillas, represented by blaCTX-M-15 and qepA.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- antibiotická rezistence genetika MeSH
- beta-laktamasy farmakologie MeSH
- cefalosporiny farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- chinolony farmakologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- Enterobacteriaceae účinky léků genetika MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie MeSH
- Gorilla gorilla mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiota genetika MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Středoafrická republika MeSH
