Diseases with the highest burden for society such as stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and others are due to blood clots. Preclinical and clinical techniques to study blood clots are important tools for translational research of new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities that target blood clots. In this study, we employed a three-dimensional (3D) printed middle cerebral artery model to image clots under flow conditions using preclinical imaging techniques including fluorescent whole-body imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed X-ray microtomography (microCT). Both liposome-based, fibrin-targeted, and non-targeted contrast agents were proven to provide a sufficient signal for clot imaging within the model under flow conditions. The application of the model for clot targeting studies and thrombolytic studies using preclinical imaging techniques is shown here. For the first time, a novel method of thrombus labeling utilizing barium sulphate (Micropaque®) is presented here as an example of successfully employed contrast agents for in vitro experiments evaluating the time-course of thrombolysis and thus the efficacy of a thrombolytic drug, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA). Finally, the proof-of-concept of in vivo clot imaging in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model using barium sulphate-labelled clots is presented, confirming the great potential of such an approach to make experiments comparable between in vitro and in vivo models, finally leading to a reduction in animals needed.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cíl: Vývoj nových léčiv a léčebných postupů se v současnosti bez zvířecích modelů neobejde. Vzhledem k unikátní komplexnosti CMP je počet modelů ji studujících neobvykle široký. Cílem přehledu je popsat a jednoduše analyzovat spektrum používaných experimentálních modelů a běžně používaných živočišných druhů ve výzkumu CMP. Metody: Publikace byly vyhledány v listopadu 2017 v databázích: PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library a Springer Link pomocí kombinace klíčových slov. U každého modelu CMP byl evidován typ modelu, druh zvířete, jeho pohlaví a věk a byla vyhodnocena četnost výskytu v sledovaných publikačních databázích. Vyloučeny byly nerelevantní publikace a duplicity. Výsledky: Z 26 198 článků bylo dohledáno 3 093 relevantních odkazů, které odpovídaly zadání metodologie. Výsledky byly zpracovány v přehledové tabulce. Závěr: Práce mapuje četnost použití animálních modelů a používaných živočišných druhů v problematice výzkumu CMP.
Aim: The development of new drugs and curative treatments without animal models is currently not possible. Due to the unique complexity of stroke, the number of models studying this is unusually extensive. The aim of the overview is to describe and simply analyse used experimental models and commonly used animal species in research in vascular events. Methods: The publications were searched in November 2017 in databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library and Springer Link by using key word combinations. There was the registered type of model, species of animal, its gender and age of the animal for each stroke model, and there was the registered frequency of occurrence in monitored publication databases. Relevant publications and duplications were not excluded. Results: There were 3,093 relevant links from 26,198 articles, which correspond to the specification of the methodology. The results were processed in an overviewed table. Conclusion: The article maps the frequency of use of animal models and used animal species in the field of stroke research.
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda * MeSH
- Gerbillinae MeSH
- kočky MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- primáti MeSH
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- kočky MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- psi MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To establish reference intervals for traditionally- and Stewart's approach-determined acid-base parameters in a population of clinically healthy dogs. DESIGN: Prospective study (June 2011-September 2012). SETTING: Veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Two hundred twenty-four client-owned, clinically healthy dogs. INTERVENTIONS: Blood was collected from the jugular vein and the dorsal pedal artery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In the whole blood samples, pH, PCO2 , and PO2 were measured and HCO3(-) , standard and total bicarbonate, base excess, oxygen content, and alveolar-arterial oxygen differences were calculated. Plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, albumin, and lactate concentrations were measured and the following parameters were calculated separately for venous and arterial samples: anion gap, anion gap corrected for albumin and phosphate, sodium chloride difference and ratio, chloride gap, strong ion difference, strong ion gap, and unmeasured anions. CONCLUSION: Reference intervals for traditionally- and Stewart's approach-determined acid-base parameters were established for venous and arterial blood in dogs.
- MeSH
- acidobazická rovnováha * MeSH
- analýza krevních plynů veterinární MeSH
- chloridy krev MeSH
- draslík krev MeSH
- hydrogenuhličitany krev MeSH
- kyselina mléčná krev MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- psi krev MeSH
- referenční hodnoty MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi krev MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
The aim of the study was to compare 4 modes of ischaemic cardioprotection using continuous prograde autologous blood perfusion of the coronary artery in two hypothermic modes (group A, B) or conventional protection by cooled Hartmann solution (group C) or cooled saline (group D) without perfusion of the graft. Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups (A–D). In groups A (22–25 °C) and B (4–8 °C), blood perfusion rate was 10 ml/h and the graft was placed in a water bath. Groups C, D were initially rinsed with cold (4–8 °C) Hartmann solution (C) and cold saline solution (D), next the graft was placed in a water bath of cold (4–8 °C) Hartmann solution (C) or saline solution (D). The observed time was 30 min after the implemented perfusion (A, B) or initial rinsing (C, D). At 30 min, hearts of all the groups were perfused for 10 min with prograde-autologous arterialized blood at room temperature. At perfusion minute 10, blood was collected for biochemical analysis (sample 1). Sample 2 involved blood from a portable syringe infusion pumps (in parallel with sample 1). Pairwise test differences between samples 1 and 2 were significant in all the groups as regards creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase values, sampling 1 values being always higher, while cardiac troponin I concentrations were non-significant in the same comparison. The heart rate during the final perfusion was identical in all the groups. Our study has demonstrated that all observed cardioprotection modes are useful for experimental heart grafting.
- MeSH
- hypotermie terapie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- krystaloidní roztoky MeSH
- obnova funkce MeSH
- přežívání štěpu MeSH
- studená ischemie * MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in hematology and coagulation in rabbits with right-ventricle pacing without medication. ANIMALS AND METHODS: Blood was collected from ten non-anesthetized male rabbits from the jugular vein before and one month after pacemaker placement. Total erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit and differential leukocyte count were done on automatic veterinary flow cytometry hematologic analyzer. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen level, D-dimers and kaolin-activated thromboelastography was measured from citrated blood. RESULTS: We found an increase in red blood cell mass and decrease in platelet count, while coagulation tests did not diff er between samplings. CONCLUSION: Right-ventricle pacing seems to have no influence on hemostasis in rabbits.
- MeSH
- fibrin-fibrinogen - produkty degradace MeSH
- fibrinogen MeSH
- hematokrit * MeSH
- hemoglobiny * MeSH
- hemokoagulace MeSH
- hemostáza * MeSH
- kardiostimulace umělá * MeSH
- kardiostimulátor * MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- krevní obraz MeSH
- parciální tromboplastinový čas MeSH
- počet erytrocytů MeSH
- počet leukocytů MeSH
- počet trombocytů MeSH
- protrombinový čas MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie MeSH
- srdeční komory * MeSH
- tromboelastografie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- D-dimery,
- MeSH
- antikoagulancia terapeutické užití MeSH
- Aspirin * farmakologie MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- haptoglobiny účinky léků MeSH
- inhibitory agregace trombocytů MeSH
- kardiostimulace umělá * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- počet leukocytů MeSH
- tromboembolie * diagnóza krev prevence a kontrola MeSH
- vyšetření krevní srážlivosti klasifikace metody MeSH
- zánět krev MeSH
- žilní tromboembolie diagnóza prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To (1) measure C-reactive protein (CRP) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and (2) evaluate their prognostic value and relationship to severity of systemic inflammatory response syndrome, routine hematological and acid-base parameters in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV). DESIGN: Prospective observational study from September 2010 to June 2012. SETTING: Veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS: Forty-one client-owned dogs with GDV. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Blood was collected before surgery (baseline), postsurgery, 6-10 hours postsurgery, and 18-22 hours postsurgery. CRP and HMGB1 were measured in all samples, and routine hematological, biochemical, and acid-base analyses were performed. Only baseline and postsurgery samples were used from nonsurvivors (n = 10). CRP increased significantly from postsurgery sampling to 18-22 hours postsurgery, while HMGB1 did not change over time. There was a significant difference in HMGB1 between survivors and nonsurvivors over time. Both proteins correlated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome severity, total leukocyte, segmented neutrophils, and band counts. HMGB1 correlated also with acid-base parameters (pH, bicarbonate, base excess). CONCLUSION: HMGB1 and CRP behaved differently in regards to their kinetic patterns, with HMGB1 appearing to better reflect the severity of tissue injury in dogs with GDV than CRP.
- MeSH
- biologické markery krev MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein metabolismus MeSH
- dilatace žaludku chirurgie veterinární MeSH
- náhlé příhody veterinární MeSH
- nemoci psů krev diagnóza MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- protein HMGB1 krev MeSH
- psi MeSH
- syndrom systémové zánětlivé reakce krev diagnóza veterinární MeSH
- volvulus žaludku chirurgie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- psi MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
