The mode of delivery plays a crucial role in infant gastrointestinal tract colonisation, which in the case of caesarean section is characterised by the presence of clostridia and low bifidobacterial counts. Gut colonisation can be modified by probiotics, prebiotics or synbiotics. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are infant prebiotics that show a bifidogenic effect. Moreover, genome sequencing of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis within the infant microbiome revealed adaptations for milk utilisation. This study aimed to evaluate the synbiotic effect of B. longum subsp. infantis, HMOs and human milk (HM) both in vitro and in vivo (in a humanised mouse model) in the presence of faecal microbiota from infants born by caesarean section. The combination of B. longum and HMOs or HM reduced the clostridia and G-bacteria counts both in vitro and in vivo. The bifidobacterial population in vitro significantly increased and produce high concentrations of acetate and lactate. In vitro competition assays confirmed that the tested bifidobacterial strain is a potential probiotic for infants and, together with HMOs or HM, acts as a synbiotic. It is also able to inhibit potentially pathogenic bacteria. The synbiotic effects identified in vitro were not observed in vivo. However, there was a significant reduction in clostridia counts in both experimental animal groups (HMOs + B. longum and HM + B. longum), and a specific immune response via increased interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6 production. Animal models do not perfectly mimic human conditions; however, they are essential for testing the safety of functional foods.
- MeSH
- acetáty metabolismus MeSH
- Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis * MeSH
- císařský řez MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie MeSH
- interleukin-10 biosyntéza MeSH
- interleukin-6 biosyntéza MeSH
- laktáty metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřské mléko chemie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- oligosacharidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- prebiotika aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- probiotika aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra účinky léků MeSH
- synbiotika aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The aim of our study was to compare the sorption properties of a contaminated soil before and after two types of phytoremediation (natural phytoextraction vs. phytostabilization with dolomite limestone (DL) application). Soil from a pot experiment in controlled greenhouse conditions performed for two vegetation periods was used for the study. Lead, as the main contaminant in the studied soil, was easily desorbed by Cu, especially due to the increased affinity of Cu for soil organic matter; hence input of Cu to the studied soil can present another environmental risk in soils contaminated with other metals (such as Pb). In addition, the sorption behavior of chosen metals from single-element solutions differed from multielement solutions. The obtained results proved the different sorption behavior of metals in the single-element solution compared to the multi-element ones. Soil sorption behavior of Cd, Cu, and Zn decreased with the presence of the competitive metals; nevertheless, Pb sorption potential was not influenced by other competitive metals. Natural phytoextraction showed no significant effect on the sorption of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn onto the soil On the other hand, phytostabilization associated with DL application improved the soil sorption efficiency of all chosen metals, especially of Cu.
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- kadmium chemie metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu chemie metabolismus MeSH
- měď chemie metabolismus MeSH
- olovo chemie metabolismus MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- těžké kovy chemie metabolismus MeSH
- zinek chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
