Introduction: Livestock, including sheep, are infected with many types of parasitic diseases, and among these diseases is fascioliasis, or the so-called liver rot, which is caused by the Fasciola hepatica worm. This disease is widespread in many regions of the world, especially those with moderate climatic conditions. This disease harms the state's economy and livestock breeders due to the high rates of infection, which greatly affects animal production.Materials: Wax sections were made from F. hepatica, cut with a thickness of 7 microns, and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain and Von Kossa technique to investigate the calcium sites in different organs of the worm.Results: There was a clear discrepancy in the density of calcium present in several internal organs of F. hepatica.Conclusion: We infer from this research that there is a clear variation in the density of calcium as well as the size and shape of the calcareous corpuscles in their different locations in the worm's organs.
Fasciolóza je parazitární onemocnění způsobované dvěma druhy motolic rodu Fasciola. Jedná se o jednu z nejvýznamnějších parazitóz hospodářských zvířat, vzácná není ani nákaza člověka. Masivní používání léčiva triklabendazolu vedlo k tvorbě rezistentních kmenů fasciol, které jsou v současnosti velmi rozšířené. Proto se věnuje mimořádné úsilí vývoji vakcíny. Proteolytický systém fasciol se účast-ní řady procesů nezbytných pro parazita, od líhnutí miracidií přes pronikání tělem hostitele a ovlivňování jeho fyziologických procesů až po trávení živin. Z tohoto důvodu jsou proteolytické enzymy atraktivním cílem pro vývoj vakcín proti fasciolóze. Tento článek pojednává o nejdůležitějších proteasách fasciol a jejich použití jako vakcinačních antigenů.
Fasciolosis is a parasitic infection caused by two species of flukes from the genus Fasciola. It is considered one of the most important diseases of livestock, but human infection is also common. Massive usage of the drug triclabendazole led to the development of resistant flukes, which are currently spread out in many countries. Hence there is much effort put into development of vaccines against fasciolosis. Proteolytic system of Fasciola plays crucial role in number of processes such as hatching, tissue invasion, nutrient intake or modulation of the host physiology. For that reason proteases of Fasciola are attractive targets for vaccine development. This paper summarizes current knowledge about the most important proteases from Fasciola hepatica and their vaccination potential.
- MeSH
- Fasciola hepatica * enzymologie parazitologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- fasciolóza * patofyziologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata MeSH
- kathepsin B antagonisté a inhibitory chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- kathepsin L chemie imunologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- vývoj vakcíny MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
BACKGROUND: Representatives of the trematode family Fasciolidae are responsible for major socio-economic losses worldwide. Fascioloides magna is an important pathogenic liver fluke of wild and domestic ungulates. To date, only a limited number of studies concerning the molecular biology of F. magna exist. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of F. magna, and assess the phylogenetic relationships of this fluke with other trematodes based on the mtDNA dataset. FINDINGS: The complete F. magna mt genome sequence is 14,047 bp. The gene content and arrangement of the F. magna mt genome is similar to those of Fasciola spp., except that trnE is located between trnG and the only non-coding region in F. magna mt genome. Phylogenetic relationships of F. magna with selected trematodes using Bayesian inference (BI) was reconstructed based on the concatenated amino acid sequences for 12 protein-coding genes, which confirmed that the genus Fascioloides is closely related to the genus Fasciola; the intergeneric differences of amino acid composition between the genera Fascioloides and Fasciola ranged 17.97-18.24 %. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of F. magna mt genome sequence provides a valuable resource for further investigations of the phylogeny of the family Fasciolidae and other trematodes, and represents a useful platform for designing appropriate molecular markers.
- MeSH
- Fasciola hepatica chemie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Fasciolidae chemie klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genom mitochondriální * MeSH
- genom u helmintů * MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda parazitologie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- proteiny červů chemie genetika MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
1. Giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna is a dangerous parasite, which infects herbivores. It was imported to Europe from North America and started to spread. Benzimidazoles like albendazole, mebendazole, triclabendazole and salicylanilides closantel and rafoxanide are the most used anthelmintics to control fascioloidosis. However their effect might be altered via drug-metabolizing enzymes of this parasite. 2. The aim of our study was to determine the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes in F. magna and the metabolism of above mentioned anthelmintics. 3. Activities of several oxidative, reductive and conjugative enzymes towards various model xenobiotic substrates were found in F. magna subcellular fractions. 4. Subcellular fractions from F. magna oxidized albendazole to its sulphoxide metabolite and reduced mebendazole to hydroxyl-mebendazole. Under ex vivo conditions, only very-low concentrations of these compounds were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. 5. The results indicate that the giant liver fluke possesses the active xenobiotic-metabolizing system. The overexpression of this system may play an important role in parasite resistance against these anthelmintics.
- MeSH
- albendazol metabolismus MeSH
- anthelmintika metabolismus MeSH
- benzimidazoly metabolismus MeSH
- Fasciola hepatica účinky léků enzymologie MeSH
- mebendazol metabolismus MeSH
- rafoxanid metabolismus MeSH
- salicylanilidy metabolismus MeSH
- sulfoxidy metabolismus MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- xenobiotika metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Infection with Fascioloides magna (Digenea) causes serious damage to liver tissue in definitive hosts represented by ruminants, especially cervids. The distribution of F. magna includes the indigenous areas in North America, and the areas to which F. magna was introduced-Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and Italy. The North American intermediate host of F. magna, the freshwater snail Pseudosuccinea columella (Lymnaeidae), is an invasive species recorded in South America, the Caribbean, Africa, Australia, and west and Southeast Europe. In Europe, Galba truncatula is the snail serving for transmission, but P. columella has potential to become here a new intermediate host of F. magna. Little is known about interactions between F. magna and P. columella. In this study, the susceptibility of P. columella (Oregon, USA) to the infection by a single miracidium of the Czech strain of F. magna and the influence of F. magna on snail fecundity, shell height, and survival were evaluated. The data show that the Oregon strain of P. columella is a highly suitable host for the Czech strain of F. magna, with the infection rate of 74 %. In addition, a negative effect on survival rate of infected snails was recorded only in the late phase of infection. The infection was accompanied by a major reduction in egg mass production and by a decrease in the number of eggs per egg mass. The shell height of infected snails did not significantly differ from that in unexposed controls.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- Fasciola hepatica klasifikace genetika patogenita MeSH
- fasciolóza epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- fertilita MeSH
- hlemýždi parazitologie MeSH
- játra parazitologie patologie MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- molekulární typizace MeSH
- ovum parazitologie MeSH
- vysoká zvěř parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Afrika epidemiologie MeSH
- Austrálie epidemiologie MeSH
- Evropa epidemiologie MeSH
- Jižní Amerika epidemiologie MeSH
- karibský region epidemiologie MeSH
- Severní Amerika epidemiologie MeSH
We have studied the influence of both levamisole (AL) and Freund's adjuvant (AF) on the immunisation of mice with the secretory antigens of adults of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica Linnaeus, 1758. Total IgG antibodies were detected in all groups where the F. hepatica antigen was administered, been levels of IgG1 increased respect to IgG2a antibodies. During immunisation, IL-4 and IFN-γ were only detected in AL and AF groups, but after infection, IL-4 boosted in all groups. IFN-γ increased two fold in AF and AL groups compared to the saline solution (AS) group. Worm recovering was of 32-35% in groups administered without antigen whereas in AS, AL and AF groups recovering was of 25%, 12% and 8%, respectively. Macroscopical lesions in the liver were scarce in AL and AF groups. Our data suggest that immunisation of mice with antigens of F. hepatica enhances the immune response avoiding both liver damage and worm establishment after challenge infection. The murine model of fasciolosis has appeared to be useful to elucidate the mechanism by which the parasite modulates immune responses toward a Th2 type but also the development of Th1 type-inducing vaccines.
- MeSH
- antigeny helmintové imunologie krev MeSH
- Fasciola hepatica imunologie patogenita MeSH
- fasciolóza farmakoterapie imunologie MeSH
- Freundovo adjuvans imunologie MeSH
- imunomodulace účinky léků MeSH
- játra patologie účinky léků MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- levamisol * imunologie MeSH
- Lymnaea parazitologie MeSH
- metacerkárie MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- myši MeSH
- parazitární zátěž MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- techniky in vitro metody MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- velikost orgánu MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Experimental infections of Galba sp. (origin, Colombia) with allopatric isolates of Fasciola hepatica from France or Fascioloides magna from the Czech Republic were carried out during five successive snail generations to determine if this lymnaeid might sustain complete larval development of either parasite. In snails exposed to F. hepatica, 7 of 400 snails harboured several rediae and only two snails contained a small number of free cercariae on day 50 post-exposure. In contrast, the intensity of F. magna infection in Galba sp. progressively increased from the F1 to F5 generations. Spontaneous cercarial shedding of F. magna occurred in 7 of 100 Galba sp. belonging to the F5 generation and the number of shed cercariae did not differ significantly from that noted in control Galba truncatula of French origin. Galba sp. from Colombia can be added to the list of potential intermediate hosts for F. magna.
- MeSH
- Fasciola hepatica růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- Fasciolidae růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- fasciolóza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- hlemýždi klasifikace růst a vývoj parazitologie MeSH
- zdroje nemoci parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Francie MeSH
BACKGROUND: Population structure and genetic interrelationships of giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna from all enzootic North American regions were revealed in close relation with geographical distribution of its obligate definitive cervid hosts for the first time. METHODS: Variable fragments of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1; 384 bp) and nicotinamide dehydrogenase subunit I (nad1; 405 bp) were applied as a tool. The concatenated data set of both cox1 and nad1 sequences (789 bp) contained 222 sequences that resulted in 50 haplotypes. Genetic data were analysed using Bayesian Inference (BI), Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clades of F. magna, which separated the parasite into western and eastern populations. Western populations included samples from Rocky Mountain trench (Alberta) and northern Pacific coast (British Columbia and Oregon), whereas, the eastern populations were represented by individuals from the Great Lakes region (Minnesota), Gulf coast, lower Mississippi, and southern Atlantic seaboard region (Mississippi, Louisiana, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida) and northern Quebec and Labrador. Haplotype network and results of AMOVA analysis confirmed explicit genetic separation of western and eastern populations of the parasite that suggests long term historical isolation of F. magna populations. CONCLUSION: The genetic makeup of the parasite's populations correlates with data on historical distribution of its hosts. Based on the mitochondrial data there are no signs of host specificity of F. magna adults towards any definitive host species; the detected haplotypes of giant liver fluke are shared amongst several host species in adjacent populations.
- MeSH
- Fasciola hepatica klasifikace enzymologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fasciolóza epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- přežvýkavci parazitologie MeSH
- proteiny červů genetika metabolismus MeSH
- respirační komplex IV genetika metabolismus MeSH
- vysoká zvěř MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- provincie Québec MeSH
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
Spermatological characters of the liver fluke Mediogonimus jourdanei Mas-Coma et Rocamora, 1978 were studied by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Spermiogenesis begins with the formation of the differentiation zone containing two centrioles associated with striated rootlets and an intercentriolar body. These two centrioles originate two free flagella that undergo a 90° rotation before fusing with the median cytoplasmic process. Both nuclear and mitochondrial migrations toward the median cytoplasmic process occur before the proximodistal fusion of flagella. Finally, the constriction of the ring of arched membranes gives rise to the young spermatozoon. The mature sperm of M. jourdanei measures about 260 μm and presents two axonemes of different lengths with the typical pattern of the Trepaxonemata, two bundles of parallel cortical microtubules, one mitochondrion, a nucleus and granules of glycogen. An analysis of all the microphalloidean species studied to date emphasised some differences in certain characters found in Maritrema linguilla Jägerskiöld, 1908 and Ganeo tigrinum Mehra et Negi, 1928 in comparison to those in the remaining microphalloideans. The presence and variability of such ultrastructural characters according to family, superfamily or order have led several authors to propose their use in the analysis of trematode relationships and phylogeny. Therefore, apart from producing new data on the family Prosthogonimidae, the present study also compares the spermatological organization of M. jourdanei with other available ultrastructural studies focusing on the Microphalloidea.
- MeSH
- Arvicolinae parazitologie MeSH
- Fasciola hepatica izolace a purifikace klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- fasciolóza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- nemoci hlodavců parazitologie MeSH
- spermatogeneze MeSH
- spermie klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- Fasciola hepatica izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hemobilie diagnóza parazitologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- parazitární onemocnění jater MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
