BACKGROUND: Lifestyle interventions have been recognized as a line of treatment for noncommunicable diseases. This study aimed to evaluate a bespoke mHealth approach to deliver personalized feedback to improve blood pressure and weight for hypertensive patients in community settings. METHODS: A total of 307 participants, 50 from each community, were expected to be in the intervention or control group. A professional health facilitator was assigned for each of the 6 communities. The primary outcomes of the study are the reduction in blood pressure and weight at baseline and postintervention. RESULTS: Of 307 recruited, 192 participants (62.5%) completed the study (intervention: 104 and control: 88). There was no difference in attrition rates between the 2 groups (33.5% vs 41.9%, P = .291). After 6 month of intensive feedback intervention through the mHealth approach, patients had better blood pressure (133.4 ± 15.3 vs 139.7 ± 16.0) compared with control. CONCLUSIONS: People who were adherent to the intervention demonstrated a clinical benefit in weight and blood pressure.
- MeSH
- chytrý telefon * MeSH
- hypertenze * terapie MeSH
- krevní tlak MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zpětná vazba MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Čína MeSH
Identifying factors whose fluctuations are associated with choice inconsistency is a major issue for rational decision theory. Here, we investigated the neuro-computational mechanisms through which mood fluctuations may bias human choice behavior. Intracerebral EEG data were collected in a large group of subjects (n=30) while they were performing interleaved quiz and choice tasks that were designed to examine how a series of unrelated feedbacks affect decisions between safe and risky options. Neural baseline activity preceding choice onset was confronted first to mood level, estimated by a computational model integrating the feedbacks received in the quiz task, and then to the weighting of option attributes, in a computational model predicting risk attitude in the choice task. Results showed that (1) elevated broadband gamma activity (BGA) in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsal anterior insula (daIns) was respectively signaling periods of high and low mood, (2) increased vmPFC and daIns BGA respectively promoted and tempered risk taking by overweighting gain vs. loss prospects. Thus, incidental feedbacks induce brain states that correspond to different moods and bias the evaluation of risky options. More generally, these findings might explain why people experiencing positive (or negative) outcome in some part of their life tend to expect success (or failure) in any other.
In this work, we extend the previously proposed approach of improving mutual perception during human-robot collaboration by communicating the robot's motion intentions and status to a human worker using hand-worn haptic feedback devices. The improvement is presented by introducing spatial tactile feedback, which provides the human worker with more intuitive information about the currently planned robot's trajectory, given its spatial configuration. The enhanced feedback devices communicate directional information through activation of six tactors spatially organised to represent an orthogonal coordinate frame: the vibration activates on the side of the feedback device that is closest to the future path of the robot. To test the effectiveness of the improved human-machine interface, two user studies were prepared and conducted. The first study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the ease of differentiating activation of individual tactors of the notification devices. The second user study aimed to assess the overall usability of the enhanced notification mode for improving human awareness about the planned trajectory of a robot. The results of the first experiment allowed to identify the tactors for which vibration intensity was most often confused by users. The results of the second experiment showed that the enhanced notification system allowed the participants to complete the task faster and, in general, improved user awareness of the robot's movement plan, according to both objective and subjective data. Moreover, the majority of participants (82%) favoured the improved notification system over its previous non-directional version and vision-based inspection.
- MeSH
- hmat MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- robotika * MeSH
- ruka MeSH
- uživatelské rozhraní počítače MeSH
- zpětná vazba MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY After the surgical treatment of injuries of the lower extremities or osteotomies, patients are frequently asked to partially load the affected leg during the first weeks of rehabilitation. The patient's compliance to the prescribed weight bearing limit and their ability to regain a physiological gait as soon as possible are necessary for a fast rehabilitation without complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS/RESULTS To support patients during this important phase of recovery, we developed a feedback and analysis system that is able to provide feedback concerning loading and roll over behavior to the patient. The system is based on sensor insoles to measure the amount of pressure and pressure distribution and on a smartphone application to provide realtime visual and acoustic feedback. CONCLUSIONS This newly developed device has the potential to monitor the rehabilitation phase and assist patients with lower leg injuries therefore decrease the complication rate and enable faster rehabilitation. Key words: lower limb fracture osteotomy around the knee, partial weight bearing, realtime feedback, smartphone application.
- MeSH
- dolní končetina chirurgie MeSH
- fraktury kostí * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- osteotomie MeSH
- zatížení muskuloskeletálního systému MeSH
- zpětná vazba MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) and plant-plant competition influence performance and abundance of plants. To what extent the two biotic interactions are interrelated and thus affect plant performance in combination rather than in isolation remains poorly explored. It is also unclear how the abiotic context, such as resource availability, modifies individual and joint effects of PSFs and of plant-plant competition. Using a garden experiment, we assessed the strengths of PSFs, competition, and their combined effects explored under low and high nutrient levels, and related them to abundance of 46 plant species and their ecological optima with respect to soil nutrients. We found that PSFs reduced but did not eliminate differences in competitive ability of plant species. Isolated and combined effects of the biotic interactions poorly predicted local or regional abundance of species. They were rather related to species' ecological optima, as nutrient-demanding plants experienced less negative biotic effects but only in a nutrient-rich environment. Our study demonstrates that soil biota can mitigate differences in competitive ability among species. It remains to be tested whether such an equalizing effect can maintain coexistence under high nutrient availability, in which nutrient-demanding species may disproportionately benefit from less negative competition and PSF effects.
Hlavním tématem v článku je schopnost lékaře rozpoznat hranice mezi psychosomatickou konzultací a psychoterapií. Každý lékař, jakéhokoli základního oboru medicíny, který se věnuje vzdělávání v psychosomatice a nemá psychoterapeutický výcvik se dostane na toto rozmezí. Kam až může dojít a neublížit? Primum non nocere. Otevírá se téma důležitosti sebezkušenosti a sebereflexe a poznávání vlastních emocí a pocitů, které jsou na terapeuta přenášeny v průběhu konzultace. Prožívání vlastních pocitů v terapeutickém vztahu, nikoli detaily pacientova příběhu, jsou hlavním sdělením této kazuistiky.
The main topic of the article is the doctor's ability to recognize the boundaries between psychosomatic counseling and psychotherapy. This topic is known to any doctor, any basic field of medicine, who is engaged in education in psychosomatics and does not have psychotherapeutic training. How far can we go and do not hurt? Primum non nocere. The article opens the topic of the importance of self-experience and self-reflection and learning about self-emotions and feelings, which are transmitted to the therapist during the consultation. Experiencing own feelings in a therapeutic relationship, not the details of the patient's story, are the main message of this case study.
- MeSH
- chronická nemoc psychologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kašel psychologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- percepce MeSH
- psychosomatické a relaxační terapie * psychologie MeSH
- psychosomatické poruchy MeSH
- psychoterapeuti psychologie MeSH
- rodina MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- vztahy mezi lékařem a pacientem * MeSH
- zpětná vazba MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Wildlife monitoring using passive telemetry has become a robust method for investigating animal migration. With increased use, this method progressively pollutes the environment with technological waste represented by so called ghost tags (PIT tags ending in the environment due to reproductive expulsions, shedding or animal mortality). However, their presence in the environment may lead to failed detections of living individuals. We used tagging data from studies of the asp Leuciscus aspius and the bleak Alburnus alburnus collected from 2014 to 2018 and located ghost tag positions on the monitored spawning site using portable backpack reader for their detection. We modelled virtual river-wide flat-bed antennas (widths 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 m) representing monitoring effort and estimated the probability of the presence of ghost tags within the antenna field. Of 3724 PIT tags used in the study, we detected on the spawning ground 173 ghost tags originating from long-term monitoring. The ghost tags accumulated in the environment in time, suggesting insufficient degradation rate or shift downstream from the research site. Number of ghost tags present on the spawning ground led to high probability of disabled readings of tagged fish passing through the antenna electro-magnetic field. We demonstrate how accumulated ghost tags may cause detection failures for focal species and incomplete data acquisition. We infer that intensive long-term monitoring using PIT tag technology may encumber future data acquisition or entail additional costs for clean-up.
Autorka představuje výsledky vlastního empirického šetření, které prováděla v rámci zpracování své diplomové práce na téma „Zpětná vazba v procesu řízení a vedení nelékařského zdravotnického personálu a řízení jeho pracovního výkonu“ na Fakultě humanitních studií Univerzity Karlovy, Katedra řízení a supervize v sociálních a zdravotnických organizacích. Výzkum byl realizován kvalitativním přístupem, pomocí kterého autorka hledala odpověď na základní výzkumnou otázku: Jakou roli sehrává zpětná vazba v procesu řízení a vedení nelékařského zdravotnického personálu a řízení jeho pracovního výkonu? Data k tomuto výzkumu byla získána technikou polostrukturovaného rozhovoru a otevřeného kódování. Do výzkumného šetření bylo zařazeno 12 sester/ ošetřovatelů (6 všeobecných sester / ošetřovatelů a 6 staničních sester) z 9 různých klinik. Výzkum ukázal, že zpětná vazba v procesu řízení a vedení nelékařského zdravotnického personálu a řízení jeho pracovního výkonu má roli informační. Informuje podřízeného o tom, jak si stojí ve své práci a jaký vztah zaujímá nadřízený k podřízenému. Vztah, který je založen na plné důvěře k nadřízenému, pak ovlivňuje přijetí či nepřijetí jakékoliv zpětné vazby na pracovní výkon. Důvěra je základem veškerého dění mezi podřízeným a nadřízeným.
The author is introducing the results of her own empirical study conducted as a part of her dissertation on „Feeedback in management and leadership of non-doctor medical personnel and in managing their work performance“ at the Faculty of Social Studies of Charles University, Department of leadership and supervision in social and medical institutions. The approach to the research was qualitative, with which the author seeked to find an answer to her main question: What role does feedback play in management and leadership of non-doctor medical personnel and in managing their work performance? Data for the research was collected using a method of semistructured interview and open coding. 12 nurses (6 bedside nurses and 6 head nurses) from 9 different cliniques were included in the study. The study showed that feedback in management and leadership of non-doctor medical personnel and in managing their work performance plays an informative role. It informs the subordinate about their standings and the relationship between them and their superior. Relationship, which has its base in complete trust in the superior, then influences acceptance or refusal of any form of feedback on work performance. Trust is the key of all work-place interactions between subordinates and their superiors.
Acoustical environment plays an important role during the maturation of the auditory system. It has been shown that the sensory inputs to the developing centres influence the development of the structure of projections, neuronal responsiveness, excitatory-inhibitory balance, or tonotopical arrangement, throughout the auditory pathway. Our previous study (Bures et al., 2014) showed that rats reared in a complex acoustic environment (spectrally and temporally modulated sound reinforced by an active behavioural paradigm with a positive feedback) exhibit permanently improved response characteristics of the inferior colliculus (IC) neurons. Extending these results, the current work provides evidence that the changes occur also at the level of auditory cortex (AC). In particular, the enriched animals have lower excitatory thresholds, sharper frequency selectivity, and a lower proportion of non-monotonic rate-intensity functions. In contrast to the changes observed in the IC, the cortical neurons of enriched animals have lower response magnitudes. In addition, the enrichment changed the AC responsiveness to frequency-modulated and also to a lesser extent, amplitude-modulated stimuli. Significantly, the alterations span the entire hearing range and may be regarded as general and not directly linked to the characteristics of the acoustical stimulation. Furthermore, these developmentally induced changes are permanent and detectable in adulthood. The findings indicate that an acoustically enriched environment during the critical period of postnatal development influences basic properties of neuronal receptive fields in the AC, which may have implications for the ability to detect and discriminate sounds.
- MeSH
- akustická stimulace MeSH
- bydlení zvířat MeSH
- membránové potenciály fyziologie MeSH
- neurony fyziologie MeSH
- potkani Long-Evans MeSH
- sluchová dráha růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- sluchová percepce fyziologie MeSH
- sluchové kmenové evokované potenciály MeSH
- sluchové korové centrum růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- životní prostředí MeSH
- zpětná vazba MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Plant-soil feedback (PSF) is a fundamental mechanism explaining plant community composition. Two-phase experiments, i.e., conditioning and feedback, represent a common methodology to study PSF. The duration of the conditioning phase varies among studies and the PSF observed is often explained by its biotic component. Little is known about the temporal variation of PSF and its abiotic component. As early life stages are crucial for plant establishment, we grew Rorippa austriaca in soil conditioned over 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks by a conspecific or a co-occurring species, Agrostis capillaris. For each conditioning duration, we analysed the soil chemical properties and the direction and intensity of intra- or inter-specific feedbacks. With increasing duration, the negative intra- and inter-specific feedbacks became stronger and weaker, respectively. The inter-specific feedback was more negative than the intra-specific feedback at 2 weeks and this reversed thereafter. The Mg content decreased with conditioning duration whatever the conditioning species was. With increasing duration, conditioning by R. austriaca strongly decreased pH, while A. capillaris did not affect pH. The K and P contents were not affected by the conditioning duration and were higher in R. austriaca soil than in A. capillaris soil. Our results suggest that not only conditioning species but also duration of conditioning phase may affect the magnitude of PSF. The changes in soil chemical properties linked to the conditioning species or the conditioning phase duration may drive the feedbacks by affecting plant growth directly or via the interacting microbial communities.
- MeSH
- půda * MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
- rostliny * MeSH
- vývoj rostlin MeSH
- zpětná vazba MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
