Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most significant and economically important infectious diseases affecting swine worldwide and can predispose pigs to secondary bacterial infections caused by, e.g. Haemophilus parasuis. The aim of the presented study was to compare susceptibility of two different types of macrophages which could be in contact with both pathogens during infection with PRRS virus (PRRSV) and in co-infection with H. parasuis. Alveolar macrophages (PAMs) as resident cells provide one of the first lines of defence against microbes invading lung tissue. On the other hand, monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs) represent inflammatory cells accumulating at the site of inflammation. While PAMs were relatively resistant to cytopathogenic effect caused by PRRSV, MDMs were much more sensitive to PRRSV infection. MDMs infected with PRRSV increased expression of pro-apoptotic Bad, Bax and p53 mRNA. Increased mortality of MDMs may be also related to a higher intensity of ROS production after infection with PRRSV. In addition, MDMs (but not PAMs) infected with H. parasuis alone formed multinucleated giant cells (MGC); these cells were not observed in MDMs infected with both pathogens. Higher sensitivity of MDMs to PRRSV infection, which is associated with limited MDMs survival and restriction of MGC formation, could contribute to the development of multifactorial respiratory disease of swine.

• MeSH
• Haemophilus parasuis * MeSH
• hemofilové infekce komplikace   patologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• koinfekce metabolismus   patologie   veterinární   MeSH
• makrofágy metabolismus   patologie   virologie   MeSH
• obrovské buňky metabolismus   patologie   virologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• pyrimidiny MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• reprodukční a respirační syndrom prasat metabolismus   patologie   virologie   MeSH
• sulfonamidy MeSH
• virus reprodukčního a respiračního syndromu prasat * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can predispose pigs to secondary respiratory infection with bacteria such as Haemophilus parasuis. Animals infected with both pathogens develop more severe clinical disease. The immune response of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) to simultaneous infection with PRRSV and H. parasuis was analysed in vitro, describing cytokine production, expression of cell surface molecules, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Concurrent infection with PRRSV and H. parasuis increased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8) in PAMs in comparison with PAMs infected with PRRSV or H. parasuis alone. An additive effect of dual infection on IL-1β production was confirmed at the protein level. PAMs infected with PRRSV showed increased production of ROS compared to controls. Conversely, simultaneous infection of PAMs with PRRSV and H. parasuis decreased production of ROS, indicating the presence of an H. parasuis defence mechanism against respiratory burst. Concurrent infection of PAMs with PRRSV and H. parasuis was shown to elicit a pro-inflammatory immune response represented by significant IL-1β production. Severe multifactorial respiratory disease in natural conditions caused by both pathogens could be the consequence of pro-inflammatory mediated immunopathology.

• MeSH
• alveolární makrofágy imunologie   mikrobiologie   virologie   MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• cytokiny genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• Haemophilus parasuis imunologie   MeSH
• hemofilové infekce komplikace   imunologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• koinfekce veterinární   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• messenger RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• nemoci prasat imunologie   mikrobiologie   virologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• regulace exprese virových genů MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u bakterií MeSH
• reprodukční a respirační syndrom prasat imunologie   virologie   MeSH
• virus reprodukčního a respiračního syndromu prasat imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH