Cíl: Retrospektivní klinická studie hodnotí výsledky chirurgické terapie u pacientů s diagnózou excesu divergence. Studie srovnává data pacientů operovaných s prodlevou po 8. roce věku v důsledku probíhající pandemie Covidu-19 oproti skupině pacientů operovaných v nižším věku. Materiál a metody: Byly sledovány objektivní úchylky a kvalita a vývoj binokulárních funkcí u pacientů operovaných pro exces divergence ve sledovací době šesti měsíců po operaci. Pacienti byli rozděleni do dvou skupin podle věku: 4–7 let a 8–13 let. Každá skupina obsahuje 20 operovaných dětí. Druhou skupinu starších dětí tvoří pacienti s odklady operačního výkonu pro omezení elektivní operativy při pandemii. Operační výkony byly realizovány na Oční klinice FN Plzeň. Byly sledovány objektivní úchylky šilhání a binokulární funkce před operací, po provedeném operačním výkonu, po třech a šesti měsících od operace. Získané údaje byly následně statisticky zpracovány a hlavní sledované parametry vyneseny do grafů. Výsledky: V obou skupinách pacientů byla statisticky prokázána shoda v objektivním úhlu šilhání před operačním výkonem (limit tolerance ±3). Byl hodnocen vývoj objektivní úchylky v pooperačním období ve sledovací obě šesti měsíců. Statisticky nebyl prokázán rozdíl v mediánu objektivní pooperační úchylky mezi oběma skupinami ve sledovaném období. Výstupní objektivní úchylka byla v limitu ±5 stupňů u 65 % pacientů z první skupiny a 75 % pacientů ze skupiny druhé. Před operačním výkonem nebyl statisticky prokázán rozdíl ve kvalitě binokulárního vidění mezi skupinami pacientů. Půl roku po operačním výkonu však byl rozdíl mezi skupinami statisticky prokázán: pacienti z první skupiny, tj. operovaní mezi 4.–7. rokem života, vykazovali vyšší úroveň binokulárních funkcí v porovnání se skupinou druhou. Závěr: Objektivní úchylka šilhání před operací i v pooperačním období byla u obou skupin pacientů srovnatelná. Mladší pacienti z první skupiny dosáhli v šestiměsíční sledovací době vyšší kvality binokulárních funkcí ve srovnání s dětmi operovanými po osmém roce věku. Toto tvrzení bylo statisticky podloženo.
Aim: This retrospective clinical study evaluates the results of surgical treatment of patients diagnosed with intermittent exotropia of the divergence excess type. The study compares the results of surgery delayed due to the Covid-19 pandemic (patients underwent the surgery after the age of eight), versus a group of younger children. Materials and methods: The objective angle of deviation and quality of binocular functions were examined. The follow-up period was six months after surgery. The patients were divided into two groups according to age: 4–7 years and 8–13 years. Each group included 20 patients. The second group comprised patients whose surgery was postponed due to restrictions on elective surgery during the ongoing pandemic. The surgery took place at the University Hospital in Pilsen. Angle of deviation and binocular functions were examined before surgery, postoperatively, and three and six months after surgery. Data were collected retrospectively and statistically processed. The main values were plotted in charts. Results: Accordance between the angle of deviation before surgery in both groups was statistically demonstrated. During the six-month follow-up period, the median angle of deviation was statistically without proof of disparity between the groups. Six months after surgery, an objective angle of deviation within the limit ±5 degrees was achieved in 65% of patients from the first group and in 75% from the second group. Binocular vision before surgery was statistically without proof of difference between both groups. However the statistical processing demonstrated a difference between the two groups six months after the surgery. Better binocular functions were achieved by the younger children in the first group. Conclusion: The objective deviation angle was comparable in both study groups prior to surgery as well as six months after the surgery. The first group of younger patients attained a higher quality of binocular functions within the six-month follow-up period compared to children operated on after the age of eight. This claim was statistically verified.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Exotropia * surgery diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Orthoptics methods MeSH
- Postoperative Period MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
- Retrospective Studies MeSH
- Strabismus * surgery diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Vision, Binocular MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Child, Preschool MeSH
U biologických léčivých přípravků je obtížné zjistit přesnou strukturu monoklonálních protilátek, které jsou jakožto produkt živých organismů přirozeně proměnlivé. Pro převážnou většinu biologických léků je k dispozici velmi málo poznatků týkajících se kvality výroby, ojedinělé dostupné údaje přitom svědčí o poměrně široké variabilitě. Nedávno publikovaná studie hodnotící sérii kvalitativních vlastností Humiry svědčí o konzistentním a přísně kontrolovaném výrobním profilu v průběhu více než deseti let výroby.
Biological medicinal products (biologicals) make it difficult to find out about the exact structure of monoclonal antibodies that are products of living organisms and therefore naturally variable. Rather limited knowledge is available for the vast majority of biologicals regarding the quality of their production, though sporadically available data indicate a rather broad range of variability. A recently published study that evaluated a series of qualitative properties of Humira revealed a consistent and rigorously controlled manufacturing profile over more than a decade of production.
KEY MESSAGE: Sequence comparison between spelt and common wheat reveals that the former has huge potential in enriching the genetic variation of the latter. Genetic variation is the foundation of crop improvement. By comparing genome sequences of a Triticum spelta accession and one of its derived hexaploid lines with the sequences of the international reference genotype Chinese Spring, we detected variants more than tenfold higher than those present among common wheat (T. aestivum L) genotypes. Furthermore, different from the typical 'V-shaped' pattern of variant distribution often observed along wheat chromosomes, the sequence variation detected in this study was more evenly distributed along the 3B chromosome. This was also the case between T. spelta and the wild emmer genome. Genetic analysis showed that T. spelta and common wheat formed discrete groups. These results showed that, although it is believed that the spelt and common wheat are evolutionarily closely related and belong to the same species, a significant sequence divergence exists between them. Thus, the values of T. spelta in enriching the genetic variation of common wheat can be huge.
Different mental operations were expected in the late phase of intracerebral ERPs obtained in the visual oddball task with mental counting. Therefore we searched for late divergences of target and nontarget ERPs followed by components exceeding the temporal window of the P300 wave. Electrical activity from 152 brain regions of 14 epileptic patients was recorded by means of depth electrodes. Average target and nontarget records from 1800 ms long EEG periods free of epileptic activity were compared. Late divergence preceded by almost identical course of the target and nontarget ERPs was found in 16 brain regions of 6 patients. The mean latency of the divergence point was 570+/-93 ms after the stimulus onset. The target post-divergence section of the ERP differed from the nontarget one by opposite polarity, different latency of the components, or even different number of the components. Generators of post-divergence ERP components were found in the parahippocampal gyrus, superior, middle and inferior temporal gyri, amygdala, and fronto-orbital cortex. Finding of late divergence indicates that functional differences exist even not sooner than during the final phase of the task.
- MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Mental Processes MeSH
- Electroencephalography MeSH
- Epilepsy physiopathology psychology MeSH
- Event-Related Potentials, P300 MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mathematical Concepts MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Brain physiopathology MeSH
- Brain Waves MeSH
- Task Performance and Analysis MeSH
- Reaction Time MeSH
- Photic Stimulation MeSH
- Visual Perception MeSH
- Evoked Potentials, Visual MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Vertebrate gut microbiota (GM) is comprised of a taxonomically diverse consortium of symbiotic and commensal microorganisms that have a pronounced effect on host physiology, immune system function and health status. Despite much research on interactions between hosts and their GM, the factors affecting inter- and intraspecific GM variation in wild populations are still poorly known. We analysed data on faecal microbiota composition in 51 passerine species (319 individuals) using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA (V3-V4 variable region). Despite pronounced interindividual variation, GM composition exhibited significant differences at the interspecific level, accounting for approximately 20%-30% of total GM variation. We also observed a significant correlation between GM composition divergence and host's phylogenetic divergence, with strength of correlation higher than that of GM vs. ecological or life history traits and geographic variation. The effect of host's phylogeny on GM composition was significant, even after statistical control for these confounding factors. Hence, our data do not support codiversification of GM and passerine phylogeny solely as a by-product of their ecological divergence. Furthermore, our findings do not support that GM vs. host's phylogeny codiversification is driven primarily through trans-generational GM transfer as the GM vs. phylogeny correlation does not increase with higher sequence similarity used when delimiting operational taxonomic units. Instead, we hypothesize that the GM vs. phylogeny correlation may arise as a consequence of interspecific divergence of genes that directly or indirectly modulate composition of GM.
- MeSH
- Bacteria classification MeSH
- Feces microbiology MeSH
- Phylogeny * MeSH
- Passeriformes classification microbiology MeSH
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics MeSH
- Sequence Analysis, DNA MeSH
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics MeSH
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
