At present the duplex ultrasonic method is the best non-invasive examination method of the carotid and vertebrobasilar circulation. It was developed by a combination of the Doppler method with two-dimensional imaging in real time. It makes it possible to evaluate all stages of the stenotic process, the size and surface of plaques, the lumen of the vessels, occlusions. It provides a comprehensive picture of the morphology and function of vessels. The introduction of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography by R. Aaslid in 1982 made it possible to examine also basal intracranial arteries. Examination by ultrasound makes it possible to diagnose vascular changes in still asymptomatic patients; it helps to establish the correct diagnosis, offers the possibility to evaluate the therapeutic effect as well as terminal conditions-cerebral death.
- MeSH
- arteria basilaris diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- arteria vertebralis diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- arteriae carotides diagnostické zobrazování patofyziologie MeSH
- arteriální okluzní nemoci diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rychlost toku krve MeSH
- ultrasonografie dopplerovská * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Topical diagnosis of comatose states is based on the concept of cranio-caudal development of cerebral dysfunction. Neurological examination of comatose patients is focused on assessment of the pathophysiological cause of impaired consciousness, localization of the functional or structural cerebral disorder and on evaluation of the progression or regression of the lesion. It is based on findings from the semiology of comatose states whereby the depth of unconsciousness, evaluation of diencephalic and stem reflexes, ocular symptoms, motorics and vegetative symptoms are emphasized.
- MeSH
- kóma etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci mozku komplikace diagnóza MeSH
- poranění mozku komplikace diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The authors emphasize the possibilities of some new imaging methods in the diagnosis of acute cerebrovascular attacks, i.e. methods used under local conditions: differentiation of intracranial haemorrhage in case of a haematoma in the area of a ruptured aneurysm, blood in the subarachnoidal space in subarachnoid haemorrhage. To differentiate a tumour decompensated by the vascular route. It is known that imaging by computed tomography. Imaging on the basis of magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of acute, subacute and chronic infarction has some specific features. It was revealed that also magnetic resonance angiography can be an asset, in particular when major vessels are affected. Classical intervention angiography still is useful in acute cerebrovascular attacks as well as in the diagnosis of cerebral death.
- MeSH
- cerebrovaskulární poruchy diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
The objective of the investigation was an attempt to analyze some aspects of the heart-brain relationship. The group was formed by 626 patients with the diagnosis of focal cerebral ischaemia (CI) and 191 patients with the diagnosis of subarachnoidal haemorrhage (SAH). It was revealed that the CI group comprised 77.3% patients with a pathological finding on the heart. Analysis revealed moreover that in the group of patients with "congestive heart failure" there was a significantly higher percentage of patients with a severe neurological deficit as compared to the group with a "normal" ECG (p < 0.001). Atrial fibrillation causes a fivefold increase of the risk of cerebral infarction. The incidence of ECG abnormalities of various types was significantly higher in the group of patients with CI during long-term ECG monitoring, as compared to the results of conventional ECG examination (p < 0.001). The value of long-term ECG monitoring was confirmed also in an investigation of these changes in a group of patients with arterial hypertension, quari potential candidates of cerebral infarction. The relationship between cardiac and cerebral function was tested also in an investigation focused on the incidence of ectopic activity and changes of the QT interval. It was revealed that while the percentage rate of ectopic activity assessed by conventional ECG examination was in the group of "improved" patients 18.0%, long-term monitoring revealed a rate as high as 48.0%, the difference being statistically significant. Similar significant differences were observed also on analysis of the QT interval: in the group of patients with neurological "improvement" the QT interval was significantly shorter, as compared with the group with neurological "deterioration". It was assumed that the prolonged QT interval could be the cause of sudden death. A cardio-cerebral relationship was found also on analysis of changes of the cerebral circulation (CBF) in different forms of cardiac insufficiency. It was revealed that isolated ventricular extrasystoles reduced the CBF by 8.0%, isolated atrial extrasystoles by 12% and in atrio-ventricular tachyarrhythmia the CBF is reduced by as much as 25.0%. The cerebro-cardiac relationship was tested in a group of patients with SAH. ECG abnormalities of a varying type were found in 30.7% of the patients with SAH. They are described in as many as 100% of patients and were detected also other in cerebral disorders, such as contusion of the brain, intraoerebral haemorrhage and cerebral tumours.
- MeSH
- cerebrovaskulární poruchy etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- elektrokardiografie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- srdeční arytmie komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- srdeční selhání komplikace patofyziologie MeSH
- subarachnoidální krvácení etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- tranzitorní ischemická ataka etiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
