The lack of data on the chronic effects of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites on non-target aquatic organisms creates a gap in knowledge about the comprehensive impacts of excessive and repeated pesticide use. Therefore, this study evaluates the long-term effects of propachlor ethanolic sulfonic acid (PROP-ESA) after 10 (T1) and 20 (T2) days at the environmental level of 3.5 μg.L-1 (E1) and its 10x fold multiply 35 μg.L-1 (E2) on a model organism Mytilus galloprovincialis. To this end, the effects of PROP-ESA usually showed a time- and dose-dependent trend, especially in its amount in soft mussel tissue. The bioconcentration factor increased from T1 to T2 in both exposure groups - from 2.12 to 5.30 in E1 and 2.32 to 5.48 in E2. Biochemical haemolymph profile and haemocyte viability were not affected by PROP-ESA exposure. In addition, the viability of digestive gland (DG) cells decreased only in E2 compared to control and E1 after T1. Moreover, malondialdehyde levels increased in E2 after T1 in gills, and DG, superoxidase dismutase activity and oxidatively modified proteins were not affected by PROP-ESA. Histopathological observation showed several damages to gills (e.g., increased vacuolation, over-production of mucus, loss of cilia) and DG (e.g., growing haemocyte trend infiltrations, alterations of tubules). This study revealed a potential risk of chloroacetanilide herbicide, propachlor, via its primary metabolite in the Bivalve bioindicator species M. galloprovincialis. Furthermore, considering the possibility of the biomagnification effect, the most prominent threat poses the ability of PROP-ESA to be accumulated in edible mussel tissues. Therefore, future research about the toxicity of pesticide metabolites alone or their mixtures is needed to gain comprehensive results about their impacts on living non-target organisms.

• Klíčová slova
• Cell viability, Chloroacetanilide, Cytotoxicity, Histology, Mollusca, Oxidative stress,
• MeSH
• acetamidy toxicita   metabolismus   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * metabolismus   MeSH
• herbicidy * metabolismus   MeSH
• Mytilus * metabolismus   MeSH
• žábry metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide MeSH Prohlížeč
• acetamidy MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• herbicidy * MeSH
• propachlor MeSH Prohlížeč

The survey of available scientific literature shows a lack of data on the chronic effects of tebuconazole (TEB) on non-target aquatic organisms. Therefore, this study evaluates toxicity (10 and 20 days) of two considered concentrations 2 ng/L (E1) and 2 μg/L (E2) of TEB to bioindicator species Mytilus galloprovincialis. To this end, the TEB concentrations measured in soft mussel tissues showed a time-dependent increasing trend. The viability of haemocyte and digestive gland (DG) cells was higher than 95 % during the experiment. However, DG cells lost the ability to regulate their volume in both groups after 20-d. The E1 treatment increased Cl- and Na+ levels, and E2 decreased Na+ levels in the haemolymph. In addition, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and oxidatively modified protein (OMP) increased after 10- and 20-d in both treatments. Histopathological findings showed abnormalities in the E2, e.g., haemocyte infiltration, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia in gills and DG. This study reveals the potential risks of TEB usage in the model organism M. galloprovincialis, primarily via bioaccumulation of TEB in food web links, and improves knowledge about its comprehensive toxicity.

• Klíčová slova
• Bivalve, Cell viability, Cytotoxicity, Histology, Oxidative stress,
• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza   MeSH
• fungicidy průmyslové * toxicita   MeSH
• Mytilidae * MeSH
• Mytilus * fyziologie   MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• stereoizomerie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• fungicidy průmyslové * MeSH
• tebuconazole MeSH Prohlížeč