Azo dyes are used as coloring agent in textile industries at larger scale. As a result, large quantity of dye-enriched waste water is generated which subsequently poses environmental problems. Biological tool involving bacteria having azoreductase enzyme has proved to be more effective and efficient in dye effluent treatment. Current work focuses on Staphylococcus caprae (S. caprae) for degradation and decolorization of Reactive Red-195 (RR-195) azo dye. For this purpose, factors such as pH, temperature, inoculums, carbon and nitrogen sources, and dye concentrations have been optimized for maximum decolorization and degradation. S. caprae (4 mg/mL) efficiently resulted into 90% decolorization of RR-195 dye under static condition at 100 µg/mL concentration, 30 °C and pH 7.0 at a 12-h contact period. FTIR analysis has revealed the formation of new functional groups in the treated dye such as O-H stretch at 3370 cm-1, C-H band stretching at 2928 cm-1, and new band at 1608 cm-1 which specify the degradation of aromatic ring, 1382 and 1118 cm-1 represents desulfonated peaks. Biodegraded metabolites of RR-195 dye such as phenol, 3, 5-di-tert-butylphenol, and phthalic acid have been identified respectively that find industrial applications. Phytotoxicity test has shown non-toxic effects of treated dye on germination of Vigna radiata and Triticum aestivum seeds. Further, antibiotic diffusion assay has confirmed the biosafety of S. caprae.
- Klíčová slova
- Staphylococcus caprae, Biodegradation, GC–MS, RR-195 dye, Toxicity reduction,
- MeSH
- azosloučeniny * metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- barvicí látky * metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace * MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu metabolismus MeSH
- dusík metabolismus MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- odpadní voda * mikrobiologie chemie MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
- Staphylococcus capitis metabolismus izolace a purifikace MeSH
- Staphylococcus metabolismus MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- textilie MeSH
- textilní průmysl MeSH
- uhlík metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- azosloučeniny * MeSH
- barvicí látky * MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
- průmyslový odpad MeSH
- uhlík MeSH
This study aims to explore the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the growth of Iris pseudacorus L. and treatment efficacy in constructed wetlands (CWs) subjected to stress from per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). The findings reveal that PFASs exposure induces oxidative damage and inhibits the growth of I. pseudacorus. However, AMF symbiosis enhances plant tolerance to PFAS stress by modulating oxidative responses. AMF treatment not only promoted plant growth but also improved photosynthetic efficiency under PFAS exposure. Compared to non-AMF treatment, those with AMF treatment exhibited significantly increased levels of peroxidases and antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, along with a notable reduction in lipid peroxidation. Additionally, AM symbiosis markedly enhanced the efficacy of CWs in the remediation of wastewater under PFASs-induced stress, with removal efficiencies for COD, TP, TN, and NH4+-N increasing by 19-34%, 67-180%, 106-137%, and 25-95%, respectively, compared to the AMF- treatments. In addition, the metabolic pathways of PFASs appeared to be influenced by their carbon chain length, with long-chain PFASs like perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluoro anionic acid (PFNA) exhibiting more complex pathways compared to short-chain PFASs such as perfluoro acetic acid (PFPeA), and perfluoro hexanoic acid (PFHpA). These results suggest that AMF-plant symbiosis can enhance plant resilience against PFAS-induced stress and improve the pollutant removal efficiency of CWs. This study highlights the significant potential of AMF in enhancing environmental remediation strategies, providing new insights for the more effective management of PFAS-contaminated ecosystems.
- Klíčová slova
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Constructed wetland, PFASs, Per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances,
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu toxicita metabolismus MeSH
- fluorokarbony * metabolismus MeSH
- fyziologický stres účinky léků MeSH
- Iris (rostlina) metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- mokřady * MeSH
- mykorhiza * fyziologie MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování metody MeSH
- odpadní voda * chemie mikrobiologie MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- fluorokarbony * MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
Sewage sludge, a complex mixture of contaminants and pathogenic agents, necessitates treatment or stabilization like anaerobic digestion (AD) before safe disposal. AD-derived products (solid digestate and liquid fraction) can be used as fertilizers. During AD, biogas is also produced, and used for energy purposes. All these fractions can be contaminated with various compounds, whose amount depends on the feedstocks used in AD (and their mutual proportions). This paper reviews studies on the distribution of organic contaminants across AD fractions (solid digestate, liquid fraction, and biogas), delving into the mechanisms behind contaminant dissipation and proposing future research directions. AD proves to be a relatively effective method for removing polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals, antibiotic resistance genes and hydrocarbons. Contaminants are predominantly removed through biodegradation, but many compounds, especially hydrophobic (e.g. per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), are also sorbed onto digestate particles. The process of sorption is suggested to reduce the bioavailability of contaminants. As a result of sorption, contaminants accumulate in the largest amount in the solid digestate, whereas in smaller amounts in the other AD products. Polar pharmaceuticals (e.g. metformin) are particularly leached, while volatile methylsiloxanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, characterized by a high Henry's law constant, are volatilized into the biogas. The removal of compounds can be affected by AD operational parameters, the type of sludge, physicochemical properties of contaminants, and the sludge pretreatment used.
- Klíčová slova
- Biodegradation, Biogas, Liquid fraction, Phase distribution, Solid digestate, Volatilization,
- MeSH
- anaerobióza MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza metabolismus MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování * metody MeSH
- odpadní vody * chemie MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza metabolismus MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- odpadní vody * MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky MeSH
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization has been used in constructed wetlands (CWs) to enhance treatment performance. However, its role in azole (fungicide) degradation and microbial community changes is not well understood. This study aims to explore the impact of AMF on the degradation of tebuconazole and its metabolites in CWs. Total organic carbon levels were consistently higher with the colonization of AMF (AMF+; 9.63- 16.37 mg/L) compared to without the colonization of AMF (AMF-; 8.79-14.48 mg/L) in CWs. Notably, tebuconazole removal was swift, occurring within one day in both treatments (p = 0.885), with removal efficiencies ranging from 94.10 % to 97.83 %. That's primarily due to rapid substrate absorption at the beginning, while degradation follows with a longer time. Four metabolites were reported in CWs first time: tebuconazole hydroxy, tebuconazole lactone, tebuconazole carboxy acid, and tebuconazole dechloro. AMF decreased the abundance of tebuconazole dechloro in the liquid phase, suggesting an inhibitory effect of AMF on dechlorination processes. Furthermore, tebuconazole carboxy acid and hydroxy were predominantly found in plant roots, with a higher abundance observed in AMF+ treatments. Metagenomic analysis highlighted an increasing abundance in bacterial community structure in favor of beneficial microorganisms (xanthomonadales, xanthomonadaceae, and lysobacter), along with a notable presence of functional genes like codA, NAD, and deaD in AMF+ treatments. These findings highlight the positive influence of AMF on tebuconazole stress resilience, microbial community modification, and the enhancement of bioremediation capabilities in CWs.
- Klíčová slova
- Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Constructed wetlands, Metabolites, Metagenomic analysis, Tebuconazole,
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu metabolismus MeSH
- mokřady * MeSH
- mykorhiza * metabolismus MeSH
- triazoly * metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
- tebuconazole MeSH Prohlížeč
- triazoly * MeSH
Pharmaceutical uptake involves processes that vary across aquatic systems and biota. However, single studies examining multiple environmental compartments, microhabitats, biota, and exposure pathways in mesoconsumer fish are sparse. We investigated the pharmaceutical burden in bonefish (Albula vulpes), pathways of exposure, and estimated exposure to a human daily dose. To evaluate exposure pathways, the number and composition of pharmaceuticals across compartments and the bioconcentration in prey and bonefish were assessed. To evaluate bioaccumulation, we proposed the use of a field-derived bioaccumulation factor (fBAF), due to variability inherent to natural systems. Exposure to a human daily dose was based on bonefish daily energetic requirements and consumption rates using pharmaceutical concentrations in prey. Pharmaceutical number and concentration were highest in prey, followed by bonefish, water and sediment. Fifteen pharmaceuticals were detected in common among bonefish, prey, and water; all of which bioconcentrated in prey and bonefish, and four bioaccumulated in bonefish. The composition of detected pharmaceuticals was compartment specific, and prey were most similar to bonefish. Bonefish were exposed to a maximum of 1.2 % of a human daily dose via prey consumption. Results highlight the need for multicompartment assessments of exposure and consideration of prey along with water as a pathway of exposure.
- Klíčová slova
- Environmental compartments, Exposure pathways, Human daily dose, Marine environments, Pharmaceutical accumulation,
- MeSH
- bioakumulace MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * metabolismus analýza farmakokinetika MeSH
- léčivé přípravky metabolismus analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- potravní řetězec MeSH
- ryby metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- léčivé přípravky MeSH
Low-dosage nitrate pollutants can contribute to eutrophication in surface water bodies, such as lakes and reservoirs. This study employed assembled denitrifying bacterial-fungal communities as bio-denitrifiers, in combination with zero-valent iron (ZVI), to treat micro-polluted water. Immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed communities (IBFMC) reactors demonstrated their ability to reduce nitrate and organic carbon by over 43.2 % and 53.7 %, respectively. Compared to IBFMC reactors, IBFMC combined with ZVI (IBFMC@ZVI) reactors exhibited enhanced removal efficiencies for nitrate and organic carbon, reaching the highest of 31.55 % and 17.66 %, respectively. The presence of ZVI in the IBFMC@ZVI reactors stimulated various aspects of microbial activity, including the metabolic processes, electron transfer system activities, abundance of functional genes and enzymes, and diversity and richness of microbial communities. The contents of adenosine triphosphate and electron transfer system activities enhanced more than 5.6 and 1.43 folds in the IBFMC@ZVI reactors compared with IBFMC reactors. Furthermore, significant improvement of crucial genes and enzyme denitrification chains was observed in the IBFMC@ZVI reactors. Iron played a central role in enhancing microbial diversity and activity, and promoting the supply, and transfer of inorganic electron donors. This study presents an innovative approach for applying denitrifying bacterial-fungal communities combined with iron enhancing efficient denitrification in micro-polluted water.
- Klíčová slova
- Denitrification bacterial-fungal communities, Dynamic migration of communities, Functional genes, Low-dosage nitrate, Mixotrophic aerobic denitrification,
- MeSH
- aerobióza MeSH
- Bacteria * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- bioreaktory MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * metabolismus MeSH
- čištění vody metody MeSH
- denitrifikace * MeSH
- dusičnany metabolismus MeSH
- houby * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- železo * metabolismus chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- dusičnany MeSH
- železo * MeSH
The increasing prevalence of microplastic pollution in aquatic environments has raised concerns about its impact on marine life. Among the different types of microplastics, polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) are one of the most commonly detected in aquatic systems. Chaetoceros neogracile (diatom) is an essential part of the marine food web and plays a critical role in nutrient cycling. This study aimed to monitor the ecotoxicological impact of PSMPs on diatoms and observe enzymatic interactions through molecular docking simulations. Results showed that diatom growth decreased with increasing concentrations and exposure time to PSMPs, and the lowest photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) value was observed after 72 and 96 h of exposure to 200 mg L-1 of PSMPs. High concentrations of PSMPs led to a decrease in chlorophyll a content (up to 64.4%) and protein content (up to 35.5%). Molecular docking simulations revealed potential interactions between PSMPs and the extrinsic protein in photosystem II protein of diatoms, suggesting a strong affinity between the two. These findings indicate a detrimental effect of PSMPs on the growth and photosynthetic efficiency of diatoms and highlight the need for further research on the impact of microplastics on marine microbial processes.
- Klíčová slova
- Chlorophyll, Diatom, Microplastics, Molecular docking, Polystyrene, Protein,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * metabolismus MeSH
- chlorofyl a MeSH
- mikroplasty toxicita MeSH
- plastické hmoty toxicita MeSH
- polystyreny toxicita MeSH
- rozsivky * MeSH
- simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- chlorofyl a MeSH
- mikroplasty MeSH
- plastické hmoty MeSH
- polystyreny MeSH
The lack of data on the chronic effects of chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites on non-target aquatic organisms creates a gap in knowledge about the comprehensive impacts of excessive and repeated pesticide use. Therefore, this study evaluates the long-term effects of propachlor ethanolic sulfonic acid (PROP-ESA) after 10 (T1) and 20 (T2) days at the environmental level of 3.5 μg.L-1 (E1) and its 10x fold multiply 35 μg.L-1 (E2) on a model organism Mytilus galloprovincialis. To this end, the effects of PROP-ESA usually showed a time- and dose-dependent trend, especially in its amount in soft mussel tissue. The bioconcentration factor increased from T1 to T2 in both exposure groups - from 2.12 to 5.30 in E1 and 2.32 to 5.48 in E2. Biochemical haemolymph profile and haemocyte viability were not affected by PROP-ESA exposure. In addition, the viability of digestive gland (DG) cells decreased only in E2 compared to control and E1 after T1. Moreover, malondialdehyde levels increased in E2 after T1 in gills, and DG, superoxidase dismutase activity and oxidatively modified proteins were not affected by PROP-ESA. Histopathological observation showed several damages to gills (e.g., increased vacuolation, over-production of mucus, loss of cilia) and DG (e.g., growing haemocyte trend infiltrations, alterations of tubules). This study revealed a potential risk of chloroacetanilide herbicide, propachlor, via its primary metabolite in the Bivalve bioindicator species M. galloprovincialis. Furthermore, considering the possibility of the biomagnification effect, the most prominent threat poses the ability of PROP-ESA to be accumulated in edible mussel tissues. Therefore, future research about the toxicity of pesticide metabolites alone or their mixtures is needed to gain comprehensive results about their impacts on living non-target organisms.
- Klíčová slova
- Cell viability, Chloroacetanilide, Cytotoxicity, Histology, Mollusca, Oxidative stress,
- MeSH
- acetamidy toxicita metabolismus MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * metabolismus MeSH
- herbicidy * metabolismus MeSH
- Mytilus * metabolismus MeSH
- žábry metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide MeSH Prohlížeč
- acetamidy MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- herbicidy * MeSH
- propachlor MeSH Prohlížeč
Methamphetamine (METH) is a concerning drug of abuse that produces strong psychostimulant effects. The use of this substance, along with the insufficient removal in the sewage treatment plants, leads to its occurrence in the environment at low concentrations. In this study, brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) were exposed to 1 μg/L of METH as environmental relevant concentration for 28 days in order to elucidate the complex effects resulting from the drug, including behaviour, energetics, brain and gonad histology, brain metabolomics, and their relations. Trout exposed to METH displayed lowered activity as well as metabolic rate (MR), an altered morphology of brain and gonads as well as changes in brain metabolome when compared to controls. Increased activity and MR were correlated to an increased incidence of histopathology in gonads (females - vascular fluid and gonad staging; males - apoptotic spermatozoa and peritubular cells) in exposed trout compared to controls. Higher amounts of melatonin in brain were detected in exposed fish compared to controls. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression in locus coeruleus was related to the MR in exposed fish, but not in the control. Brain metabolomics indicated significant differences in 115 brain signals between control and METH exposed individuals, described by the coordinates within the principal component analyses (PCA) axes. These coordinates were subsequently used as indicators of a direct link between brain metabolomics, physiology, and behaviour - as activity and MR varied according to their values. Exposed fish showed an increased MR correlated with the metabolite position in PC1 axes, whereas the control had proportionately lower MR and PC1 coordinates. Our findings emphasize the possible complex disturbances in aquatic fauna on multiple interconnected levels (metabolism, physiology, behaviour) as a result of the presence of METH in aquatic environments. Thus, these outcomes can be useful in the development of AOP's (Adverse Outcome Pathways).
- Klíčová slova
- Brain, Complex model, Histology, Illicit drug, Metabolomics, Pollution,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * metabolismus MeSH
- gonády MeSH
- metabolom MeSH
- methamfetamin * toxicita MeSH
- pstruh fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- methamfetamin * MeSH
This study was conducted to investigate a comprehensive effect of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in zebrafish (Danio rerio) with the emphasis on endocrine disruption, oxidative stress and detoxification processes at different levels. Adult male triploid zebrafish were exposed to EE2 administered in feed at two concentrations - 10 and 1000 μg/kg for six weeks. The estrogenic potential of EE2 was evaluated using an analysis of vitellogenin, gene expression focused on reproductive disorders and gonad histological examination. The alterations in antioxidant and detoxification status were assessed using analyses of enzyme activities and changes in transcriptional levels of selected genes. The most significant changes were observed especially in fish exposed to a high concentration of EE2 (i.e., 1000 μg/kg). Such high concentration caused extensive mortality (25 %) mainly in the second half of the experiment followed by a highly significant decrease in the length and body weight. Similarly, highly significant induction of vitellogenin level and vtg1 mRNA expression (about 43,000-fold compared to the control) as well as a significant downregulation of gonad aromatase expression (cyp19a1a) and histological changes in testicular tissue were confirmed in this group. In the group exposed to environmentally relevant concentration of EE2 (i.e., 10 μg/kg), no significant differences in vitellogenin were observed, although all fish were positive in the detection of vitellogenin compared to control, where only 40 % of individuals were positive. In addition, the high concentration of EE2 resulted in significant alterations in most monitored antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes with the exception of catalase, followed by strongly significant upregulation in mRNA expression of gsr, gpx1a, cat and cyp1a genes. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the glutathione reductase activity was recorded in fish exposed to 10 μg EE2/kg. To our knowledge, this is the first study which reports the effects of subchronic per oral exposure to EE2 in adult triploid zebrafish.
- Klíčová slova
- Antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, Estrogens, Gene expression, Male, Vitellogenin, Zebrafish,
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * toxicita metabolismus MeSH
- dánio pruhované fyziologie MeSH
- dietární expozice MeSH
- ethinylestradiol * toxicita metabolismus MeSH
- messenger RNA metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- triploidie MeSH
- vitelogeniny metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antioxidancia MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- ethinylestradiol * MeSH
- messenger RNA MeSH
- vitelogeniny MeSH
