The thermo-physiological and tactile properties of socks were analysed by using hybrid yarns which were made by Polyethylene (PE) fibre with different fibres in variable ratios, using full-factorial experimental design. Socks samples were designed using hybrid yarns made with three blend ratios of polyethylene filament with cotton (Co), polyester (PET), polypropylene (PP), modal (Mo) and viscose (Vis) spun yarns. Statistical analysis was carried out according to response surface regression analysis (RSM). Among various analytical tools, RSM is adopted for prediction of multiple responses and response optimizer (RO) was used to optimize the thermo-physiological and tactile comfort i.e. softness and smoothness properties of socks by using the desirability function approach. It was inferred that the combination of cotton with polyethylene was most influencing for thermal conductivity and softness properties. Experimental validation confirmed that predicted variables can be used to design knitted socks fabric with desired thermo-physiological and tactile comfort properties.

• Klíčová slova
• Comfort, Hybrid yarn, Polyethylene (PE), Socks, Summer, Thermal conductivity,
• MeSH
• hmat * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odívání * MeSH
• polyethylen chemie   MeSH
• polypropyleny chemie   MeSH
• sporty * MeSH
• statistické modely * MeSH
• tepelná vodivost MeSH
• textilie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• polyethylen MeSH
• polypropyleny MeSH

Textiles play an important role in the accumulation of harmful chemicals and can serve as a secondary source of chemical pollutants in indoor environments, releasing these chemicals back into indoor air, as well as a vector from which indoor pollution can be released by laundering to wastewater systems. Among harmful indoor pollutants, aromatic amines (AAs) are particularly concerning due to their mutagenic and carcinogenic properties, but have received limited attention in non-occupational indoor environments. We have characterized the distribution of 19 AAs between cotton, wool, and polyester textiles and air. Chamber exposure experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to quantify textile-air distributions of AAs and identify key parameters impacting the distribution. The mass-normalized textile/air distribution coefficients (KTA) of AAs for polyester, cotton, and wool range from 5.28 to 9.52 log units (L kg-1). The findings suggest that cotton generally exhibits higher distribution coefficients than polyester and wool for most analytes. Overall, the results show a strong positive relationship between octanol-air distribution coefficients (KOA) and KTA values. The consistent uptake capacity of all tested textiles for AAs highlights the potential for textiles to play a key role in AA indoor distributions.

• MeSH
• aminy * analýza   MeSH
• bavlněné vlákno * MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• polyestery * chemie   analýza   MeSH
• textilie * analýza   MeSH
• vlna * chemie   MeSH
• znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí * analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminy * MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
• polyestery * MeSH

Environmental consequences of plastic pollution have come under scrutiny over the past 20 years as stewardship of the biosphere has risen in popularity. Microplastic research has focused on fragmented particles from hard plastics with limited research focused on microfibers released from textiles, which constitute a significant portion of microplastics in aquatic environments. The present study investigated hazards associated with two natural microfibers (cotton and silk) and four synthetic microfibers (acrylonitrile, Kevlar, nylon, and polyester) towards Daphnia magna. Results demonstrated that toxicity is dependent on the polymer type and morphology. Natural microfibers had no significant effects on D. magna whereas nylon microfibers were acutely toxic. While the total number of microfibers in exposure chambers contributed to microfiber ingestion and toxicity, suspended microfibers were weakly correlated to microfiber ingestion and toxicity. Microfibers with smoother surfaces were more toxic than microfibers that were frayed. Toxicity was more strongly related to microfiber ingestion than exposure concentration, suggesting that microfiber uptake is an important measurement endpoint for characterizing effects. Research with longer exposure times and emphasis on endpoints other than survival, such as uptake and retention of microfibers, feeding rates, growth and development, and reproduction are needed to understand the ecotoxicity of microfibers.

• Klíčová slova
• Microfiber acute toxicity, Microfiber exposure and uptake, Morphological effects of microfibers, Natural vs synthetic fibers, Suspension stability of microfibers,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * toxicita   MeSH
• Daphnia magna MeSH
• Daphnia * účinky léků   MeSH
• odívání * MeSH
• plastické hmoty toxicita   MeSH
• testy akutní toxicity MeSH
• textilie * toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• plastické hmoty MeSH

Pyrolysis emerges as a strategy for handling waste textiles, wherein the conversion of high-carbon-content textile waste into carbonaceous materials facilitates the restoration of its economic value, concurrently mitigating the environmental impact posed by textile waste. The present study fabricated carbon felts for respiratory filter layers through single-step pyrolysis of acrylic filter felts. The advantage of employing conductive carbon felt as a respiratory filter layer is its capability to concurrently serve two functions: filtration and electrical heating for high-temperature disinfection. In order to achieve these two functions, both the respirator body and the embedded electrodes were designed to ensure the reliability of high-temperature disinfection. The breathability and water vapor permeability of the obtained carbon felt were examined to confirm its comfortability as a respiratory filter layer. The results of filtration efficiency and antimicrobial testing indicated that the carbon felt exhibited a filtration efficiency of over 90 % against inhalable particulate matter, while its antimicrobial properties effectively suppressed microbial growth. This method of reutilizing waste textiles maintained consistency in the usage of textiles before and after reuse, simplified the reusing process of waste acrylic fibers, and simultaneously reduced the manufacturing costs of respiratory filters. The designed respiratory filters have the potential for application in settings such as hospitals and virus research institutions.

• Klíčová slova
• Acrylic fibrous waste, Carbon felt, Disinfection, Resistive heating, Respirator filter,
• MeSH
• dezinfekce metody   MeSH
• filtrace * přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• prostředky na ochranu dýchání * MeSH
• pyrolýza MeSH
• textilie MeSH
• uhlík * chemie   MeSH
• vzduchové filtry * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• uhlík * MeSH

Azo dyes are used as coloring agent in textile industries at larger scale. As a result, large quantity of dye-enriched waste water is generated which subsequently poses environmental problems. Biological tool involving bacteria having azoreductase enzyme has proved to be more effective and efficient in dye effluent treatment. Current work focuses on Staphylococcus caprae (S. caprae) for degradation and decolorization of Reactive Red-195 (RR-195) azo dye. For this purpose, factors such as pH, temperature, inoculums, carbon and nitrogen sources, and dye concentrations have been optimized for maximum decolorization and degradation. S. caprae (4 mg/mL) efficiently resulted into 90% decolorization of RR-195 dye under static condition at 100 µg/mL concentration, 30 °C and pH 7.0 at a 12-h contact period. FTIR analysis has revealed the formation of new functional groups in the treated dye such as O-H stretch at 3370 cm-1, C-H band stretching at 2928 cm-1, and new band at 1608 cm-1 which specify the degradation of aromatic ring, 1382 and 1118 cm-1 represents desulfonated peaks. Biodegraded metabolites of RR-195 dye such as phenol, 3, 5-di-tert-butylphenol, and phthalic acid have been identified respectively that find industrial applications. Phytotoxicity test has shown non-toxic effects of treated dye on germination of Vigna radiata and Triticum aestivum seeds. Further, antibiotic diffusion assay has confirmed the biosafety of S. caprae.

• Klíčová slova
• Staphylococcus caprae, Biodegradation, GC–MS, RR-195 dye, Toxicity reduction,
• MeSH
• azosloučeniny * metabolismus   MeSH
• barvicí látky * metabolismus   chemie   MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * metabolismus   MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• naftalensulfonany * metabolismus   MeSH
• odpadní voda * mikrobiologie   chemie   MeSH
• průmyslový odpad MeSH
• Staphylococcus * metabolismus   izolace a purifikace   genetika   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• textilie MeSH
• textilní průmysl MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• azosloučeniny * MeSH
• barvicí látky * MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
• dusík MeSH
• naftalensulfonany * MeSH
• odpadní voda * MeSH
• průmyslový odpad MeSH

UNLABELLED: Infection control measures to prevent viral and bacterial infection spread are critical to maintaining a healthy environment. Pathogens such as viruses and pyogenic bacteria can cause infectious complications. Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are known to spread through the aerosol route and on fomite surfaces, lasting for a prolonged time in the environment. Developing technologies to mitigate the spread of pathogens through airborne routes and on surfaces is critical, especially for patients at high risk for infectious complications. Multifunctional coatings with a broad capacity to bind pathogens that result in inactivation can disrupt infectious spread through aerosol and inanimate surface spread. This study uses C-POLAR, a proprietary cationic, polyamine, organic polymer with a charged, dielectric property coated onto air filtration material and textiles. Using both SARS-CoV-2 live viral particles and bovine coronavirus models, C-POLAR-treated material shows a dramatic 2-log reduction in circulating viral inoculum. This reduction is consistent in a static room model, indicating simple airflow through a static C-POLAR hanging can capture significant airborne particles. Finally, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are applied to C-POLAR textiles using a viability indicator to demonstrate eradication on fomite surfaces. These data suggest that a cationic polymer surface can capture and eradicate human pathogens, potentially interrupting the infectious spread for a more resilient environment. IMPORTANCE: Infection control is critical for maintaining a healthy home, work, and hospital environment. We test a cationic polymer capable of capturing and eradicating viral and bacterial pathogens by applying the polymer to the air filtration material and textiles. The data suggest that the simple addition of cationic material can result in the improvement of an infectious resilient environment against viral and bacterial pathogens.

• Klíčová slova
• Gram-negative, Gram-positive, SARS-CoV-2, cationic polymer,
• MeSH
• aerosoly MeSH
• Bacteria účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Coronavirus bovis účinky léků   MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• fomity mikrobiologie   virologie   MeSH
• gramnegativní bakterie účinky léků   MeSH
• kationty * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymery * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * účinky léků   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• textilie mikrobiologie   virologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aerosoly MeSH
• kationty * MeSH
• polymery * MeSH

Given the increasing concern about chemical exposure from textiles, our study examines the risks of dermal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol B (BPB) and bisphenol F (BPF) from conventional and recycled textiles for adults, aiming to obtain new data, assess exposure, and evaluate the impact of washing on bisphenol levels. A total of 57 textile samples (33 from recycled and 24 from conventional material) were subjected to ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis (UHPLC-MS/MS). The BPA and BPS concentrations varied widely (BPA: < 0.050 to 625 ng/g, BPS: 0.277-2,474 ng/g). The median BPA content in recycled textiles (13.5 ng/g) was almost twice as high as that of 7.66 ng/g in conventional textiles. BPS showed a median of 1.85 ng/g in recycled textiles and 3.42 ng/g in conventional textiles, indicating a shift from BPA to BPS in manufacturing practices. Simulated laundry experiments showed an overall reduction in bisphenols concentrations after washing. The study also assessed potential health implications via dermal exposure to dry and sweat-wet textiles compared to a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.2 ng/kg bw/day for BPA set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Exposure from dry textiles remained below this threshold, while exposure from wet textiles often exceeded it, indicating an increased risk under conditions that simulate sweating or humidity. By finding the widespread presence of bisphenols in textiles, our study emphasises the importance of being aware of the potential risks associated with recycling materials as well as the benefits.

• Klíčová slova
• BPA structural analogues, Bisphenol A, Dermal exposure, Endocrine disruptors, Textile, UHPLC-MS/MS,
• MeSH
• benzhydrylové sloučeniny * MeSH
• fenoly * analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odívání MeSH
• recyklace MeSH
• sulfony MeSH
• textilie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• benzhydrylové sloučeniny * MeSH
• bisphenol A MeSH Prohlížeč
• bisphenol B MeSH Prohlížeč
• bisphenol F MeSH Prohlížeč
• bisphenol S MeSH Prohlížeč
• fenoly * MeSH
• sulfony MeSH

One of the current important issues is the management of used textiles. One method is recycling, but the processes are characterized by a high environmental burden and the products obtained are of lower quality. Used textiles can be successfully used to produce SRF (solid recovered fuels). This type of fuel is standardized by ISO 21640:2021. In the paper, an analysis of used textiles made from fibers of different origins was performed. These were acrylic, cotton, linen, polyester, wool, and viscose. A proximate and ultimate analysis of the investigated samples was performed, including mercury and chlorine content. The alternative fuel produced from used textiles will be characterized by acceptable parameters for consumers: a lower heating value at 20 MJ/kg (class 1-3 SRF), mercury content below 0.9 µg Hg/MJ (class 1 SRF), and a chlorine content below 0.2% (class 1 SRF). However, the very high sulfur content in wool (3.0-3.6%) and the high nitrogen content in acrylic may limit its use for power generation. The use of alternative fuel derived from used textiles may allow 3% of the coal consumed to be substituted in 2030. The reduction in carbon dioxide emissions from the substitution of coal with an alternative fuel derived from used textiles will depend on their composition. For natural and man-made cellulosic fibers, the emission factor can be assumed as for plant biomass, making their use for SRF production preferable. For synthetic fibers, the emission factor was estimated at the level of 102 and 82 gCO2/MJ for polyester and acrylic, respectively.

• Klíčová slova
• Alternative fuel, Calorific value, Carbon dioxide emission, Chlorine, Cotton, Mercury, Polyester, Waste management,
• MeSH
• recyklace MeSH
• textilie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Magneto-responsive textiles have emerged lately as an important carrier in various fields, including biomedical engineering. To date, most research has been performed on single magnetic fibers and focused mainly on the physical characterization of magnetic textiles. Herein, from simple woven and non-woven textiles we engineered materials with magnetic properties that can become potential candidates for a smart magnetic platform for heating treatments. Experiments were performed on tissue-mimicking materials to test the textiles' heating efficiency in the site of interest. When the heat was induced with magneto-responsive textiles, the temperature increase in tissue-mimicking phantoms depended on several factors, such as the type of basic textile material, the concentration of magnetic nanoparticles deposited on the textile's surface, and the number of layers covering the phantom. The values of temperature elevation, achieved with the use of magnetic textiles, are sufficient for potential application in magnetic hyperthermia therapies and as heating patches or bandages.

• Klíčová slova
• magnetic hyperthermia, magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic textiles, smart materials, tissue-mimicking phantom,
• MeSH
• indukovaná hypertermie * MeSH
• magnetismus MeSH
• textilie MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• vytápění * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This paper introduces a novel technique to evaluate comfort properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) coated woven fabrics. The proposed technique combines artificial neural network (ANN) and golden eagle optimizer (GEO) to ameliorate the training process of ANN. Neural networks are state-of-the-art machine learning models used for optimal state prediction of complex problems. Recent studies showed that the use of metaheuristic algorithms improve the prediction accuracy of ANN. GEO is the most advanced methaheurstic algorithm inspired by golden eagles and their intelligence for hunting by tuning their speed according to spiral trajectory. From application point of view, this study is a very first attempt where GEO is applied along with ANN to improve the training process of ANN for any textiles and composites application. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm ANN with GEO (ANN-GEO) was applied to map out the complex input-output conditions for optimal results. Coated amount of ZnO NPs, fabric mass and fabric thickness were selected as input variables and comfort properties were evaluated as output results. The obtained results reveal that ANN-GEO model provides high performance accuracy than standard ANN model, ANN models trained with latest metaheuristic algorithms including particle swarm optimizer and crow search optimizer, and conventional multiple linear regression.

• MeSH
• Accipitridae * MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• neuronové sítě MeSH
• oxid zinečnatý * MeSH
• propylaminy MeSH
• sulfidy MeSH
• textilie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 1-(4-methylthiophenyl)-2-aminopropane MeSH Prohlížeč
• oxid zinečnatý * MeSH
• propylaminy MeSH
• sulfidy MeSH