Achlorophyllous, mycoheterotrophic plants often have an elaborate mycorrhizal colonization pattern, allowing a sustained benefit from external fungal root penetrations. The present study reveals the root anatomy and mycorrhizal pattern of eight mycoheterotrophic Thismia spp. (Thismiaceae), all of which show separate tissue compartments segregating different hyphal shapes of the mycorrhizal colonization, as there are intact straight, coiled and peculiarly knotted hyphae as well as degenerated clumps of hyphal material. Those tissue compartments in Thismia roots potentially comprise exo-, meso- and endoepidermae, and exo-, meso- and endocortices, although not all species develop all these root layers. Differences in details among species according to anatomy (number of root layers, cell sizes and shapes) and colonization pattern (hyphal shapes within cells) are striking and can be discussed as an evolutionary series towards increasing mycorrhizal complexity which roughly parallels the recently established phylogeny of Thismia. We suggest functional explanations for why the distinct elements of the associations can contribute to the mycorrhizal advantage for the plants and, thus, we emphasize the relevance of structural traits for mycorrhizae.

• Klíčová slova
• Arbuscular mycorrhiza, Colonization pattern, Evolutionary progression, Hyphal shape, Mycoheterotrophy, Thismia,
• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• hyfy MeSH
• kořeny rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mykorhiza * MeSH
• semena rostlinná MeSH
• symbióza MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) was a milestone in incoherent holography. In this roadmap, two pathways, namely the development of FINCH and applications of FINCH explored by many prominent research groups, are discussed. The current state-of-the-art FINCH technology, challenges, and future perspectives of FINCH technology as recognized by a diverse group of researchers contributing to different facets of research in FINCH have been presented.

• Klíčová slova
• Fresnel incoherent correlation holography, color holography, computational coherent superposition, digital holographic microscopy, digital holography, fluorescence microscopy, incoherent holography, lattice light-sheet holography, metasurfaces, multiplexed imaging, phase-shifting interferometry, single-molecule localization microscopy,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH