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13 záznamů v PubMed Filtry

Článek

Development of facial sexual dimorphism in children aged between 12 and 15 years: a three-dimensional longitudinal study

Koudelová, J
Autor Koudelová, J Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Brůžek, J
Autor Brůžek, J Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Laboratoire d'Anthropologie des Populations du Passé et UMR 5809 du CNRS-PACEA, Université Bordeaux I, Talence, France
Cagáňová, V
Autor Cagáňová, V Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Krajíček, V
Autor Krajíček, V Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Department of Software and Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
Velemínská, J
Autor Velemínská, J Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Orthodontics & craniofacial research. 2015 Aug ; 18 (3) : 175-84. [epub] 20150508

Orthod Craniofac Res
ISSN 1601-6343 | 1601-6335
Zdroj

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sexual dimorphism of facial form and shape and to describe differences between the average female and male face from 12 to 15 years. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: Overall 120 facial scans from healthy Caucasian children (17 boys, 13 girls) were longitudinally evaluated over a 4-year period between the ages of 12 and 15 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Facial surface scans were obtained using a three-dimensional optical scanner Vectra-3D. Variation in facial shape and form was evaluated using geometric morphometric and statistical methods (DCA, PCA and permutation test). Average faces were superimposed, and the changes were evaluated using colour-coded maps. RESULTS: There were no significant sex differences (p > 0.05) in shape in any age category and no differences in form in the 12- and 13-year-olds, as the female faces were within the area of male variability. From the age of 14, a slight separation occurred, which was statistically confirmed. The differences were mainly associated with size. Generally boys had more prominent eyebrow ridges, more deeply set eyes, a flatter cheek area, and a more prominent nose and chin area. CONCLUSION: The development of facial sexual dimorphism during pubertal growth is connected with ontogenetic allometry.

Klíčová slova
3D imaging, dense correspondence analysis, facial morphology, longitudinal growth, sexual dimorphism,
MeSH
analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
anatomická variace MeSH
brada anatomie a histologie MeSH
čelo anatomie a histologie MeSH
dítě MeSH
fotogrammetrie metody MeSH
lidé MeSH
longitudinální studie MeSH
mladiství MeSH
nos anatomie a histologie MeSH
obličej anatomie a histologie MeSH
obočí anatomie a histologie MeSH
oči anatomie a histologie MeSH
optické zobrazování metody MeSH
pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
puberta fyziologie MeSH
ret anatomie a histologie MeSH
tvář anatomie a histologie MeSH
ústa anatomie a histologie MeSH
věkové faktory MeSH
zobrazování trojrozměrné metody MeSH
Check Tag
dítě MeSH
lidé MeSH
mladiství MeSH
mužské pohlaví MeSH
ženské pohlaví MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH
srovnávací studie MeSH

Článek

Dental health and lifestyle in four early mediaeval juvenile populations: comparisons between urban and rural individuals, and between coastal and inland settlements

Homo. 2010 Dec ; 61 (6) : 421-39. [epub] 20101023

ISSN 1618-1301 | 0018-442X
Zdroj

Dental stress markers such as enamel hypoplasia and caries are suitable indicators of population health and lifestyle, although they must be recorded and interpreted carefully. To date, they have been predominantly studied in adult samples, whereas juvenile remains are also affected by these lesions. In this study, dental enamel hypoplasia and caries were both evaluated on 613 non-adult individuals from four early mediaeval Moravian and Frankish skeletal series, who had experienced contrasting environments and lifestyles. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between these biological traits and living conditions, and how this is manifested in the juvenile dental remains. Significant differences between populations were found in stress markers, dental lesions and the way these were manifested. Exposure to stressful conditions varies between urban and rural populations and is related to age groups. Although the children under investigation seem to have had different diets, it is difficult to distinguish the biological contribution (different enamel susceptibility) from the lifestyle contribution (different food, environment) in the formation of caries. Moreover, such studies must be interpreted carefully due to the possibility of intra- and inter-observer errors and the subjectivity of the scoring techniques. Nevertheless, this study also demonstrates that results of an investigation of juvenile skeletal remains can be as informative as a study of adults and that juvenile skeletons can be included in large bioarchaeological population studies.

MeSH
dějiny středověku MeSH
dítě MeSH
kojenec MeSH
lidé MeSH
městské obyvatelstvo * MeSH
mladiství MeSH
novorozenec MeSH
odchylka pozorovatele MeSH
paleodontologie * MeSH
předškolní dítě MeSH
venkovské obyvatelstvo * MeSH
životní styl dějiny MeSH
zkameněliny MeSH
zuby - přehledy zdravotního stavu * MeSH
Check Tag
dějiny středověku MeSH
dítě MeSH
kojenec MeSH
lidé MeSH
mladiství MeSH
novorozenec MeSH
předškolní dítě MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
historické články MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH
srovnávací studie MeSH
Geografické názvy
Česká republika MeSH
Evropa MeSH
Francie MeSH

Článek

Three-dimensional geometric morphometric analysis of cranio-facial sexual dimorphism in a Central European sample of known sex

Homo. 2010 Feb ; 61 (1) : 16-32. [epub] 20100211

ISSN 1618-1301 | 0018-442X
Zdroj

This article presents an approach for estimating the sexual dimorphism of adult crania using three-dimensional geometric morphometric methods. The study sample consisted of 139 crania of known sex (73 males and 66 females) belonging to persons who lived during the first half of the 20th century in Bohemia. The three-dimensional co-ordinates of 82 ecto-cranial landmarks and 39 semi-landmarks covering the midsagittal curve of the cranial vault were digitised using a MicroScribe G2X contact digitiser. The purposes of the investigation were to define the regions of the cranium where sexual dimorphism is most pronounced and to investigate the effectiveness of this method for determining sex from the shape of the cranium. The results demonstrate that it is better to analyse apportionable parts of the cranium rather than the cranium as a whole. Significant sexual differences (significance was determined using multivariate analysis of variance) were noted in the shape of the midsagittal curve of the vault, upper face, the region of the nose, orbits, and palate. No differences were recorded either in the shape of the cranium as a whole or in the regions of the base and the neurocranium. The greatest accuracy in determining sex was found in the region of the upper face (100% of study subjects correctly classified) and the midsagittal curve of the vault (99% of study subjects correctly classified).

Článek

Variability of the Upper Palaeolithic skulls from Predmostí near Prerov (Czech Republic): craniometric comparison with recent human standards

Homo. 2008 ; 59 (1) : 1-26. [epub] 20080201

ISSN 0018-442X
Zdroj

One of the largest skeletal series of the Upper Palaeolithic period from Predmostí was destroyed during the Second World War, but the study of this material continues up to the present. The discovery of Matiegka's original photographic documentation on glass plates [Velemínská et al., 2004. The use of recently re-discovered glass plate photo-documentation of those human fossil finds from Predmostí u Prerova destroyed during World War II. J. Nat. Mus. Nat. Hist. Ser. 173, 129-132] gives an opportunity to perform a new and detailed craniometric analysis of five adult skulls in their lateral projection. The craniometric data were analysed using specialised Craniometrics software, and the analysis included morphological and dimensional comparisons with current Central European norms. The aim of the study was not only to monitor the skull shape as a whole, but predominantly, to evaluate the size and shape of various parts of the splanchnocranium. The Upper Palaeolithic skulls are significantly longer, and male skulls are also higher than the current norms. The crania of anatomically modern humans are characterised by two general structural features: mid-lower facial retraction and neurocranial globularity. The height of the face of the Palaeolithic skulls corresponds to that of the current Central European population. The face has a markedly longer mandibular body (3-4 SD), while female mandibular rami are shorter. The skulls are further characterised by a smaller gonial angle, the increased steepness of the mandibular ramus, and the greater angle of the chin. These changes in the size and shape associated with anterior rotation of the face produce a strong protrusion of both jaws, but the sagittal inter-maxillary relationships remain unchanged. The observed facial morphology is similar to the Czech Upper Palaeolithic skulls from Dolní Vestonice. This study confirms the main diachronic changes between skulls of Upper Palaeolithic and present-day human populations.

Článek

mtDNA sequences of Chadic-speaking populations from northern Cameroon suggest their affinities with eastern Africa

Annals of human biology. 2004 Sep-Oct ; 31 (5) : 554-69.

Ann Hum Biol
ISSN 0301-4460
Zdroj

BACKGROUND: No mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from Chadic-speaking peoples have yet been reported, even though these populations inhabit a vast territory from eastern Nigeria to central Chad. This paper deals with the mtDNA sequences of four Central Chadic populations (Hide, Kotoko, Mafa and Masa) from northern Cameroon, biological samples from which were collected during anthropological research in the area of their homeland. OBJECTIVE: The main goals of this article are to report new mtDNA sequences of Chadic-speaking populations, to analyse their genetic diversity and to establish their relationships within the peri-Saharan area in respect of geography and languages. SUBJECT AND METHODS: The analyses are based on 104 mtDNA haplotypes, which can be localized into four different areas of northern Cameroon. Data collection was based on a strict geographical sampling strategy; the ethnonyms are retained here only for comparative purposes. RESULTS: None of the examined Chadic populations displays a departure from the normal mismatch distribution pattern, and the null hypothesis of the expansion event cannot be rejected. Analyses of molecular variance and F(ST) genetic distances revealed that the Chadic-speaking groups of northern Cameroon share more similarities with the populations of the Upper and Middle Nile Valley and East Africa than with populations from Central Africa. The results show geographical clustering to be more important than the correlation of linguistic affiliations with molecular genetic data. CONCLUSION: The observation that the Chadic group reveals some affinities to East Africans is extremely surprising giving the present-day geographical distance (around 2000 km) between them. These observations complement recent linguistic and archaeological findings, which consider the Chadic branch in the Afro-Asiatic phylum to be of eastern origin. A continuous, well-defined, geographic sampling strategy of the different genetic polymorphisms of the native populations of sub-Saharan Africa is further needed as the only way of understanding the differentiation of the mtDNA sequences at a micro-regional scale.