UNLABELLED: Hospital wastewater treatment is gaining attention in recent studies due to its complex nature. The performance of the sequencing batch reactor coupled with tube-settler was investigated for hospital wastewater treatment. The performance was evaluated regarding removing organic matter and nutrients (nitrate and phosphate). The phosphate was removed in the sequencing batch reactor and its associated tube-settler with a 60% removal efficiency margin. Nitrification was observed in sequencing batch reactor and tube-settler, but denitrification could not be achieved. The nitrification-denitrification process was not completed during the process. The current work's main aim was to understand and optimise the operational parameters involved in the performance of the sequencing batch reactor. The operational parameters were optimised using Design expert software, and Response Surface Methodology involved a four-factor and five-level central composite design. The percentage removal of chemical oxygen demand, nitrate, and phosphate was selected to be observed during this study. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-022-03406-z.
- Klíčová slova
- Hospital wastewater, Kinetics, Nutrients, Organic matter, RSM modelling, Sequencing batch reactor, Tube-settler,
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Groundwater is the second largest water source for daily consumption, only next to surface water resources. Groundwater has been extensively investigated for its pollution level in urban areas. The groundwater quality assessments in industrial areas associated with every urban landscape are still lacking. This study was carried out in two industrial areas including Okhla and Mohan cooperative in New Delhi, India. The six groundwater samples were obtained for water quality assessment for 2015 and 2018. The heavy metals investigated in water samples were Cu, As, Pb, Mn, Ni, Zn, Fe, Cr, and Mn. The water quality was assessed in the heavy metals index (MI) and heavy metal pollution index (HPI). From indexing approach, it was observed that pollution levels have increased in year 2018 as compared to the year 2015. MI < 1 for Cu in 2015 and 2018 in both industrial areas. In the case of remaining metals, MI ranged from 2.5 to 8.4. When the HPI indexing approach was adopted, water was unfit for drinking in both industrial areas in 2015 and 2018, with an HPI value > 100. Non-carcinogenic risk assessment (HI) ranged from 1.7 to 1.9 in 2015, increasing from 17.41 to 217 in 2018, indicating high risk in both years. Carcinogenic risk (CR) was within the acceptable range for 48% of each heavy metal analysed sample. When the Carcinogenic risk index was considered (CRI), all samples were beyond the acceptable range, and every person was prone to carcinogenic risk in 2015.
- Klíčová slova
- Groundwater pollution, Hazard quotient index, Health risk assessment, Heavy metal, Industry, Water quality index,
- MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- karcinogeny analýza MeSH
- kvalita vody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- podzemní voda * analýza MeSH
- těžké kovy * analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- karcinogeny MeSH
- těžké kovy * MeSH
Hospital wastewater is harmful to the environment and human health due to its complex chemical composition and high potency towards becoming a source of disease outbreaks. Due to these complexities, its treatment is neither efficient nor cost-effective. It is a challenging issue that requires immediate attention. This effort focuses on the treatment of hospital wastewater (HWW) by removing two selected drugs, namely ibuprofen (IBU) and ofloxacin (OFX) using individual biological treatment methods, such as moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) and physicochemical treatment, such as ozonation and peroxane process. The both methods are compared to find the best method overall based on effectiveness and removal efficiency. The optimal removal for ozone dosing range was nitrate (9.00% and 62.00%), biological oxygen demand (BOD) (92.00% and 64.00%), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) (96.00% and 92.00%) that required at least 10 min to reach considerable degradation. The MBBR process assured a better performance for ibuprofen removal, overall. The IBU and OFX removal was found to be 14.32-96.00% at a higher COD value and 11.33-94.00% at a lower COD value due to its biodegradation. This work strives to pave the way forward to build an HWW treatment technology using integrated MBBR processes for better efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
- Klíčová slova
- Bioprocesses, Environmental analytics, Organic pollutants, Peroxone, Waste management, Wastewater,
- MeSH
- biofilmy MeSH
- bioreaktory MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * analýza MeSH
- čištění vody * MeSH
- ibuprofen MeSH
- léčivé přípravky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování metody MeSH
- odpadní voda chemie MeSH
- ofloxacin MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu * MeSH
- ibuprofen MeSH
- léčivé přípravky MeSH
- odpadní voda MeSH
- ofloxacin MeSH
In this study, Hospital wastewater was treated using a submerged aerobic fixed film (SAFF) reactor coupled with tubesettler in series. SAFF consisted of a column with an up-flow biofilter. The biological oxygen demand (BOD)5, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate and phosphate were the chosen pollutants for evaluation. The pollutants removal efficiency was determined at varying organic loading rates and hydraulic retention time. The organic loading rate was varied between 0.25 and 1.25 kg COD m-3 d-1. The removal efficiency of SAFF and tubesettler combined was 75 % COD, 67 % BOD and 67 % phosphate, respectively. However, nitrate saw an increase in concentration by 25 %. SAFF contribution in the removal of COD, BOD5 and Phosphate was 48 %, 46 % and 29 %, respectively. While for accumulation of nitrate, it was responsible for 56%, respectively. Tubesettler performed better than SAFF with 52 %, 54 % and 69 % reduction of COD, BOD5 and phosphate, respectively. But in terms of nitrate, tubesettler was responsible for 44 % accumulation. The nutrient reduction decreased with an increase in the organic loading rate. Nitrification was observed in the SAFF and tubesettler, which indicated a well-aerated system. An anaerobic unit is required for completing the denitrification process and removing nitrogen from the effluent. The better performance of tubesettler over SAFF calls for necessitates extended retention time over design criteria. Further studies are beneficial to investigate the impact of pharmaceutical compounds on the efficiency of SAFF.
- Klíčová slova
- Hospital wastewater, Nutrients, Organic loading rate, Removal efficiency, Submerged aerobic fixed film, Tubesettler,
- MeSH
- bioreaktory * MeSH
- dusík MeSH
- měření biologické spotřeby kyslíku MeSH
- nemocnice MeSH
- nitrifikace MeSH
- odpad tekutý - odstraňování MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dusík MeSH
- odpadní voda * MeSH
