Plants protect themselves from pathogen invasion through the local expression of a variety of pathogenesis-related proteins. They are highly diverse in both primary structure and length, and exhibit different direct antimicrobial activity. This text reviews the knowledge of osmotin, antimicrobial protein involved in innate immunity of plants. Osmotin belongs to the fifth class of the group of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and has been found in different plants species, in every case osmotin is cysteine-rich protein involved in plant defense responses to several pathogens and abiotic stresses. The phylogenetic tree of amino acids compositions of osmotins from different plant species is presented and the basic similarities of clusters are discussed in this review. Osmotin gene is activated by different biotic as well as abiotic signals and has many functions. The review summarizes biochemical and structural properties, induction, functions and structural homology between osmotin and other proteins. Recent data about recombinant production in bacterial and plant cells are examined. The article indicates possible ways of osmotin application in research in the field of functional biology, medicine and agriculture.
- MeSH
- antifungální látky chemie imunologie farmakologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- fyziologický stres MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny MeSH
- houby účinky léků MeSH
- molekulární modely MeSH
- nemoci rostlin imunologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u rostlin * MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny genetika imunologie farmakologie MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny genetika imunologie farmakologie MeSH
- salinita MeSH
- sekundární struktura proteinů MeSH
- tabák genetika imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- terciární struktura proteinů MeSH
- vodní a elektrolytová rovnováha MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antifungální látky MeSH
- osmotin protein, Nicotiana tabacum MeSH Prohlížeč
- rekombinantní proteiny MeSH
- rostlinné proteiny MeSH
The aim of this work is to increase the efficiency of the biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by the introduction of bacterial genes into the plant genome. For this purpose, we selected the bphC gene encoding 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas testosteroni B-356 to be cloned into tobacco plants. The dihydroxybiphenyldioxygenase enzyme is the third enzyme in the biphenyl degradation pathway, and its unique function is the cleavage of biphenyl. Three different constructs were designed and prepared in E. coli: the bphC gene being fused with the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene, with the luciferase (LUC) gene, and with histidine tail in three separate plant cloning vectors. The GUS and LUC genes were chosen because they can be used as markers for the easy detection of transgenic plants, while histidine tail better enables the isolation of protein expressed in plant tissue. The prepared vectors were then introduced into cells of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The transient expression of the prepared genes was first studied in cells of Nicotiana tabacum. Once this ability had been established, model tobacco plants were transformed by agrobacterial infection with the bphC/GUS, bphC/LUC, and bphC/His genes. The transformed regenerants were selected on media using a selective antibiotic, and the presence of transgenes and mRNA was determined by PCR and RT-PCR. The expression of the fused proteins BphC/GUS and BphC/LUC was confirmed histochemically by analysis of the expression of their detection markers. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the presence of the BphC/His protein immunochemically using a mouse anti-His antibody. Growth and viability of transgenic plants in the presence of PCBs was compared with control plants.
- MeSH
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens genetika MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- Comamonas testosteroni enzymologie genetika MeSH
- dioxygenasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- genetické vektory MeSH
- geneticky modifikované rostliny enzymologie genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- glukuronidasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- klonování DNA MeSH
- luciferasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly metabolismus MeSH
- rekombinantní fúzní proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- reportérové geny MeSH
- tabák enzymologie genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl oxygenase MeSH Prohlížeč
- bakteriální proteiny MeSH
- dioxygenasy MeSH
- glukuronidasa MeSH
- luciferasy MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly MeSH
- rekombinantní fúzní proteiny MeSH
Capacity of enzymes of the biphenyl/chlorobiphenyl pathway, especially biphenyl dioxygenase (BPDO) of two polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) degrading bacteria, Burkholderia sp. LB400 and Comamonas testosteroni B-356, to metabolize ortho-substituted hydroxybiphenyls was tested.,These compounds found among plant products of PCB metabolism, are carrying chlorine atoms on the hydroxyl-substituted ring. The abilities of His-tagged purified LB400 and B-356 BPDOs to catalyze the oxygenation of 2-hydroxy-3-chlorobiphenyl, 2-hydroxy-5-chlorobiphenyl and 2-hydroxy-3,5-dichlorobiphenyl were compared. Both enzyme preparations catalyzed the hydroxylation of the three chloro-hydroxybiphenyls on the non-substituted ring. Neither LB400 BPDO nor B-356 BPDO oxygenated the substituted ring of the ortho-hydroxylated biphenyl. The fact that metabolites generated by both enzymes were identical for all three hydroxychlorobiphenyls tested; exclude any other mode of attack of these compounds by LB400 BPDOs than the ortho-meta oxygenation.
- MeSH
- biodegradace MeSH
- Burkholderia enzymologie MeSH
- Comamonas testosteroni enzymologie MeSH
- gramnegativní bakterie enzymologie MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- látky znečišťující půdu metabolismus MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- oxygenasy metabolismus MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly metabolismus MeSH
- rostliny metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biphenyl-1,2-dioxygenase MeSH Prohlížeč
- látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
- oxygenasy MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly MeSH
This review concentrates on the description of various phytoremediation technologies, paying special attention to removal of organics and the application of in vitro systems for basic research in the role of plants for the remediation of contaminated sites or flows, and in the improvement of their effectiveness. Various aspects of xenobiotic metabolism in plant cells, the role of enzymes involved, and the cooperation with rhizospheric microorganisms accelerating remediation of organics are shown. Application of this approach as well as the possibility of introduction of foreign genes into plant genome that can enhance the rate of the bioremediation are discussed.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
