As a promiscuous xenobiotic sensor, pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays a crucial role in drug metabolism. Since dietary phytochemicals exhibit the potential to modulate human PXR, this review aims to summarize the plant-derived PXR modulators, including agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists. The crystal structures of the apo and ligand-bound forms of PXR especially that of PXR complexed with binary mixtures are summarized, in order to provide the structural basis for PXR binding promiscuity and synergistic activation of PXR by composite ligands. Furthermore, this review summarizes the characterized agonists, partial agonists, and antagonists of human PXR from botanical source. Contrary to PXR agonists, there are only a few antagonists obtained from botanical source due to the promiscuity of PXR. It is worth noting that trans-resveratrol and a series of methylindoles have been identified as partial agonists of PXR, both in activating PXR function, but also inhibiting the effect of other PXR agonists. Since antagonizing PXR function plays a crucial role in the prevention of drug-drug interactions and improvement of therapeutic efficacy, further research is necessary to screen more plant-derived PXR antagonists in the future. In summary, this review may contribute to understanding the roles of phytochemicals in food-drug and herb-drug interactions.

• Klíčová slova
• Agonists, antagonists, dietary phytochemicals, pregnane X receptor,
• MeSH
• fytonutrienty farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pregnanový X receptor MeSH
• resveratrol MeSH
• steroidní receptory * chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• pregnanový X receptor MeSH
• resveratrol MeSH
• steroidní receptory * MeSH

Rhinodontodes alashanensis sp. nov., Trachyphloeosoma honza sp. nov., T. jirka sp. nov., and T. martin sp. nov. are described from China, illustrated and compared with similar species. The genus Rhinodontodes and the species Rhinodontodes subsignatus Voss, 1967 and Rhinodontus mongolicus Borovec, 2003 are recorded from China for the first time. Keys to all Chinese genera of Trachyphloeini, and to the Chinese species of Rhinodontodes and Trachyphloeosoma, are provided.

• Klíčová slova
• Rhinodontodes, Rhinodontus, Trachyphloeosoma, New taxa, taxonomy, weevil,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Species of the genus Pseudocneorhinus occurring in or near China are reviewed, with description of five new species, Pseudocneorhinusangustus sp. nov., P.glaber sp. nov., P.hlavaci sp. nov., P.obliquehumeralis sp. nov., and P.setosicallus sp. nov. from the provinces of Beijing, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, and Zhejiang. They are illustrated and compared with similar species, and a key is provided to all presently known species of the genus. Lectotypes of the following species are designated: Callirhopalussubcallosus Voss, 1956 [current name Pseudocneorhinussubcallosus (Voss, 1956)] and P.squamosus Marshall, 1934. Pseudocneorhinussquameus Morimoto, 2015 is confirmed for the fauna of China.

• Klíčová slova
• Trachyphloeini, New taxa, parthenogenetic, taxonomy, weevil,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH