The importance of vitamin D3 (hydroxycholecalciferol) as one of the liposoluble vitamins is known in the prevention and treatment of metabolic bone diseases (rickets, osteomalacia, osteoporosis). In recent years, however, information has increased on the importance of vitamin D3 in numerous organ systems and in the pathogenesis of various diseases, e. g. ophthalmopathies. The immunological functions of vitamin D3 are the subject of studies dealing with autoimmune optic nerve disorders and their results appear to have a positive effect on demyelinating diseases. It also plays an important role in maintaining the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, but its additional administration has not been successful. Optical neuritis may be the first sign of multiple sclerosis. It appears that sufficient serum vitamin D3 levels may protect patients from deterioration in the form of a further attack of demyelination. The course of diabetic retinopathy is probably also influenced by vitamin D3, inter alia, by correlating the fact that its receptor and the enzymes of its metabolism are expressed on the retina. Low serum levels of vitamin D3 may even trigger age-related macular degeneration. Conversely, higher dietary intake of vitamin D3 may positively affect neovascularization. The optimal level of hydroxycholecalciferol is between 60 and 200 nmol /l, the severe deficit represents a decrease below 25 nmol/l. The body can normally produce up to 10,000 IU of this vitamin after exposure to sunlight. However, the demonstration of its protective character in connection with the mentioned diseases of the retina and optic nerve will require a sufficient number of studies to confirm the facts found so far about this rediscovered vitamin.
- Klíčová slova
- ophtalmopathias, vitamin, vitamin D,
- MeSH
- cholekalciferol metabolismus MeSH
- hydroxycholekalciferoly MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nedostatek vitaminu D * etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- potravní doplňky MeSH
- vitamin D * metabolismus MeSH
- vitaminy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cholekalciferol MeSH
- hydroxycholekalciferoly MeSH
- vitamin D * MeSH
- vitaminy MeSH
Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are the most common endocrinological diseases worldwide. Relation between these diseases explains several hypotheses. One of them is influence of some adipocytokines. This study evaluated association between three adipocytokines (adiponectin, resistin and visfatin) and thyroid and glycid status in patients with DM2 and AIT compared to the control group (CG). The group consisted of four subgroups: patients with DM2 without thyreopathies, patients with AIT on substitution therapy without diabetes and prediabetes, patients with DM2 and AIT on substitution therapy and healthy subjects as the CG. We investigated parameters of thyroid and glucose metabolism and serum levels of three adipocytokines. The mean level of resistin in the group of patients with diabetes and thyroiditis was significantly higher than in patients with thyroiditis without diabetes and than in the CG. We found a weak negative correlation between visfatin and fasting glucose levels in patients with thyroiditis without diabetes. We detected a weak negative correlation between resistin and glycated haemoglobin and a weak negative correlation between visfatin and thyroid gland volume in patients with diabetes without thyroiditis. In the CG we determined a weak positive correlation between visfatin and free thyroxin. Our results are consistent with several studies, which confirmed association between AIT and adipocytokines.
- MeSH
- adipokiny krev MeSH
- autoimunitní tyreoiditida krev komplikace diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- cytokiny krev MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev komplikace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glykovaný hemoglobin metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nikotinamidfosforibosyltransferasa krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- štítná žláza diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- ultrasonografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- adipokiny MeSH
- cytokiny MeSH
- glykovaný hemoglobin MeSH
- nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- nikotinamidfosforibosyltransferasa MeSH
Adrenal incidentalomas (AI) are very common and mostly they are non-functioning adenomas (NFA). NFAs are often associated with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Several biomarkers, including certain growth factors, may participatein the pathogenesis ofmetabolic changes in patients with adrenal adenomas.Patients with NFA and age-matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. Data on age, gender, presence of metabolic syndrome or its components were obtained for each subject. Blood samples were obtained and glycemia, insulinemia, lipid profile, and selected growth factor levels were measured. Forty-three patients with NFA and 40 controls were included in the study. Differences were not found in the metabolic syndrome and its components prevalence or in the biochemical profile between patients and the control group. Significant differences were noticed in the levels of IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBP3 (p=0.016, p=0.005, p=0.004, respectively), but there were no differences in VEGF or EGF concentrations. In NFA patients, an association between glycemia and EGF levels was present (p=0.026). No significant correlations between tumor size and insulin or growth factor concentrations were present in AI patients. Significantly higher serum IGF1, IGF2, and IGFBP3 concentrations in NFA patients may support the role of the IGF axis in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical lesions.No correlation between IGFs or IGFBP3 and parameters of glucose or lipid metabolism was found. Present results may support the role of the growth hormone axis rather than hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of adrenocortical adenomas.
- MeSH
- adenom kůry nadledvin krev patologie MeSH
- adrenokortikální nádory krev patologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- epidermální růstový faktor krev MeSH
- IGFBP-3 krev MeSH
- insulinu podobný růstový faktor I metabolismus MeSH
- insulinu podobný růstový faktor II metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery krev MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- epidermální růstový faktor MeSH
- IGF1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- IGF2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- IGFBP-3 MeSH
- IGFBP3 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- insulinu podobný růstový faktor I MeSH
- insulinu podobný růstový faktor II MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery MeSH
