Files with prescription data were used to assess possible behavioural changes in children, whose mothers used benzodiazepines or neuroleptic drugs during the second half of their pregnancy. Prescriptions, bearing the identification number of women resident in one district of Prague, filed in pharmacies during 1974 and the first three months of 1975 represent the first part of the data. During 1984, children born in the appropriate earlier period were searched and linked with the earlier prescription data. A group of 68 children with possible exposure to neuroleptics and a group of 15 children possibly exposed to diazepam during the second half of their intrauterine development were found. Two groups of 55 and 7 children, respectively, born of mothers without exposure to these drugs, were chosen as controls. The teachers of classes attended by these children were addressed by a letter and asked to evaluate their behaviour at school. This was done by means of a form containing analogue scales evaluating different features of behaviour. Each child was compared with its control. The statistical evaluation with Student's t-test, regression analysis and analysis of variance did not reveal any significant difference between both groups and their controls.
- MeSH
- antipsychotika škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chování dětí účinky léků MeSH
- diazepam škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lékové předpisy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- školy MeSH
- těhotenství účinky léků MeSH
- zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství účinky léků MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antipsychotika MeSH
- diazepam MeSH
1. A rat placenta was dually perfused in situ with modified Krebs fluid. Perfusion was carried out through the femoral artery on the maternal side and through the umbilical artery on the fetal side. 2. Transfer of 45Ca2+ and [3H]L-glucose across the placenta was measured in the maternal-fetal direction. The transcellular component of the maternal-fetal transport of Ca2+, Jmf,tc, was estimated from transfer rates of the two tracers and from Ca2+ concentration in maternal perfusate, [Ca2+]m. 3. At [Ca2+]m of 1.1 mM (physiological concentration of Ca2+ in plasma) Jmf,tc was 92.4 +/- 13.7 nmol min-1 (mean +/- S.D.), which is about 90% of the transport expected in an intact placenta. The permeability-surface area product (PS) of the placenta to [3H]L-glucose was 13.8 +/- 3.9 microliters min-1, about 4 times higher than that expected in intact placenta. 4. Transport of 45Ca2+ changed rapidly when [Ca2+]m was varied. Kinetic constants of the transcellular transport of Ca2+ are the Michaelis constant, Km, = 0.45 mM and the maximum rate of transport, Vmax, = 116 nmol min-1. It follows from this that at physiological levels of Ca2+, transport of Ca2+ to the fetus is relatively independent of changes in [Ca2+]m. 5. Strontium and barium (SrCl2 and BaCl2, 1 mM) decreased Jmf,tc; the response was prompt and reversible. Magnesium (2 mM) had no effect. Maternal-fetal transport of 85Sr2+ and 133Ba2+ was decreased rapidly and reversibly by elevating [Ca2+]m from 0.35 to 2 mM. These observations suggest that Sr2+ and Ba2+ are transported across the placenta by the Ca2+ transport system. This means that the transport is not substrate specific. 6. Cadmium (1 mM-CdCl2) decreased Jmf,tc irreversibly with some latency. The slowness of the response suggests a non-competitive inhibition. Cadmium (0.02 mM-CdCl2) was without effect on Jmf,tc. 7. A Ca2+ channel blocker, nifedipine (10 microM), administered to the maternal side had no effect on Jmf,tc.
- MeSH
- aktivní transport účinky léků MeSH
- baryum farmakologie MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- hořčík farmakologie MeSH
- kadmium farmakologie MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- kompetitivní vazba MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- maternofetální výměna látek * MeSH
- nifedipin farmakologie MeSH
- placenta metabolismus MeSH
- stroncium metabolismus MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vápník metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- baryum MeSH
- glukosa MeSH
- hořčík MeSH
- kadmium MeSH
- nifedipin MeSH
- stroncium MeSH
- vápník MeSH
Data on registration and consumption of cardiovascular drugs in Czechoslovakia were sorted from the computerized Drug Information System (DIS) for a detailed analysis. Cardiovascular drugs (including antiarrhythmics, cardiac glycosides, diuretics, antihypertensive agents and vasodilators) represent at present 10% of all registered drugs in Czechoslovakia with an ever increasing trend over the last ten years. For economical analysis of consumption of cardiovascular drugs, three methodological approaches (expenditure figures, material units--number of packages and DDD (Defined Daily Dosis), as a technical unit of measurement) were chosen. In the period of 7 years (1980-1986) all three methodologies confirmed the increasing trend of cardiovascular drugs consumption in Czechoslovakia. However, an international comparison of consumption data between Czechoslovakia and Sweden revealed lower levels in Czechoslovakia in this respect.
- MeSH
- kardiovaskulární látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- spotřeba léčiv MeSH
- zákonodárství lékové MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- Švédsko MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kardiovaskulární látky MeSH
- MeSH
- informační služby o lécích * MeSH
- informační systémy * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- MeSH
- hodnocení léčiv * MeSH
- hypoglykemika MeSH
- spotřeba léčiv * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- Názvy látek
- hypoglykemika MeSH
Extraction (Et) of 86Rb and [14C]D-glucose from the artificially perfused intervillous space of the human placenta was measured using [3H]L-glucose as a reference tracer. E. of 86Rb increased slowly from initial values near zero to a late maximum, which indicates that Et was greatly influenced by heterogeneity of indicator transit times through the intervillous space. The ascending part of the plot of -1n(I-Et) against time (t) of 86Rb was approximately linear. In each experiment the time corresponding to zero extraction was estimated by linear extrapolation of the plot. The mean of the times obtained in the individual experiments corresponded to the most frequent transit time of the indicators through the system outside the placenta. These observations suggest that 86Rb is taken up by the trophoblast from the entire space perfused. Under such conditions the rate of the trophoblast uptake can be estimated from the slope of the above plot. Unlike that of 86Rb, Et of [14C]D-glucose increased rapidly to a relatively steady level. This time course of Et may result from combined effects of transit time heterogeneity and rapid back-flux of the tracer.
- MeSH
- aktivní transport MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- kapiláry fyziologie MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- perfuze MeSH
- placenta krevní zásobení metabolismus MeSH
- radioizotopy rubidia metabolismus MeSH
- rychlost toku krve MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- glukosa MeSH
- radioizotopy rubidia MeSH
- MeSH
- akutní nemoc MeSH
- bolest farmakoterapie MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- gynekologie * MeSH
- spotřeba léčiv trendy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
