The authors present their experience with surgical treatment for nodal metastases of thyroid carcinoma based on neck dissections. The specificity of the surgical approach to the lymph nodes was determined by the biologic behavior of each thyroid tumor. Using the available literature on metastases from thyroid tumors, an opinion is supported that surgery for differentiated carcinomas (papillary and follicular neoplasms) can be more conservative and can be safely limited to modified neck dissections. In contrast, a more extended type of selective neck dissection, and only rarely a comprehensive neck dissection, is needed for medullary carcinoma. Because of its rapid spread to distant sites local aggressivity, extirpation of individual lymph nodes or neck dissection is not justified in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

• MeSH
• anaplazie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• folikulární adenokarcinom sekundární   chirurgie   MeSH
• karcinom sekundární   chirurgie   MeSH
• klinické protokoly MeSH
• krční disekce MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfadenektomie metody   MeSH
• lymfatické metastázy * MeSH
• medulární karcinom sekundární   chirurgie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory štítné žlázy chirurgie   MeSH
• papilární karcinom sekundární   chirurgie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

In a group of 179 patients treated for recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis 668 surgeries were performed in the years 1982-1995 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery in Prague. The group was divided into 77 patients with a juvenile form of papillomatosis and 102 patients with an adult form. The adult form was then divided into a multiple (65 patients) and solitary form (37 patients). Three patients with a juvenile form of papillomatosis were irradiated in advance. None of these patients developed a carcinoma. There were 3 cases (1.7%) of carcinoma in the whole group of patients with histologically verified papillomas during repeated previous surgeries. All 3 patients with malignancy had an adult form of papillomatosis, two with a multiple form and one with a solitary form. The intervals between the first treatment for papilloma and the diagnosis of carcinoma was 8, 3 and 2 years.The rates of malignant transformation of papillomas vary in the literature. We suppose, that because of the generally long interval between the diagnosis of papilloma and that of carcinoma, to make a final conclusion of a certain ratio is very difficult. We envisage that in our group of patients with papillomatosis new cases of carcinoma will occur in the future.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• larynx patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorová transformace buněk MeSH
• nádory hrtanu epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• papilom epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prekancerózy epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Ototoxic effects of cisplatin (1.5 mg/kg), cisplatin with mannitol (1.5 mg/kg cisplatin with 15 mg/kg mannitol) and carboplatin (6 mg/kg) were compared in guinea pigs treated 5 days a week for 5 consecutive weeks. Auditory thresholds were measured in awake animals by means of the compound action potential recorded from electrodes implanted near the round window. The endocochlear potential (EP) was measured in the first turn through the round window, and hair cell counts were estimated by the surface specimen technique. The most pronounced ototoxicity (threshold shifts and hair cell loss) was observed with pure cisplatin. Cisplatin with mannitol appeared to be less toxic than pure cisplatin, and carboplatin the least toxic. Even carboplatin produced significant threshold shifts, particularly at high frequencies, but they were not accompanied by hair cell loss. Values of EP were not different from those in normal control animals.

• MeSH
• akustická stimulace MeSH
• cisplatina aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   farmakologie   MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• implantované elektrody MeSH
• injekce intraperitoneální MeSH
• karboplatina aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   farmakologie   MeSH
• kochlea účinky léků   MeSH
• mannitol MeSH
• morčata MeSH
• sluch * MeSH
• sluchový práh MeSH
• vláskové buňky účinky léků   MeSH
• vnitřní ucho účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• morčata MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cisplatina MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• karboplatina MeSH
• mannitol MeSH

• MeSH
• laserová terapie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hltanu chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory hrtanu chirurgie   MeSH
• nádory jazyka chirurgie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The authors compare the effectiveness of three types of antibiotic prophylaxis (1. cephazoline, 2. combination ampicillin + oxacillin, 3. clindamycin) in a group of 32 patients with resection of oropharyngeal carcinomas and in a group of 47 laryngectomies with cervical block resection. The criterium is the incidence of postoperative infections, which called for a change of antibiotic treatment. The authors evaluates favourably prophylaxis with cephazoline and clindamycin; the incidence of complications is within the range of 17-30%. In ampicillin + oxacillin therapy unsatisfactory results with a 46% incidence of inflammatory complications were recorded. A gram-negative flora causes 45% infectious complications; the author also draws attention to the danger of anaerobic infections. In a primarily contaminated oropharyngeal area there is an incidence of postoperative infections by 30% higher in all types of evaluated prophylaxis, as compared with the laryngocervical area.

• MeSH
• ampicilin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie   MeSH
• cefazolin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klindamycin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• otorinolaryngologické nemoci chirurgie   MeSH
• oxacilin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace farmakoterapie   MeSH
• premedikace * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ampicilin MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• cefazolin MeSH
• klindamycin MeSH
• oxacilin MeSH

The purpose of the presented work was to investigate the relationship between the length of I-III and I-V intervals during BERA examinations on the intensity of the stimulus in healthy subjects. Furthermore to assess the normal range of the maximum length of I-III and I-V intervals. Twenty-seven subjects aged 15-57 years, incl. 10 men, were examined. The stimuli were 100 us clicks, the repeating rate was 30/s, the stimulation intensity 0-85 dB nHL. The examination was made after administration of diazepam or rohypnol. TDH 49 earphones were used. Into the external auditory meatus on the examined side an electrode of the authors' own design in the shape of an open tube was introduced. The length of I-III and I-V intervals depended on the intensity of stimulation. The differences of mean values of the length intervals at stimulation intensities of 65 dB nHL and 45 dB nHL were statistically significant: p less than 0.02 for interval I-III and p less than 0.0001 for interval I-V. We take as the upper borderline of the normal length of intervals I-III approximately 2.8 ms and of intervals I-V 4.7 ms, if the latency of wave I is smaller than 2.5 ms. When the latency of wave I is greater, even longer I-III and I-V intervals may be still normal.

• MeSH
• akustická stimulace metody   MeSH
• audiometrie evokovanou odpovědí * MeSH
• diazepam farmakologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• flunitrazepam farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mozkový kmen fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• diazepam MeSH
• flunitrazepam MeSH

The authors analyzed data in the literature on complications of laser surgery in otolaryngology. Subsequently they analyse and describe in detail the complications they observed and which they encountered after 611 laser operations. None of the described complications caused permanent damage of the patient or the attending staff. When the recommended safety provisions are respected, the authors consider laser surgery a safe surgical method.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• laserová terapie škodlivé účinky   metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory hlavy a krku chirurgie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

The authors discuss the most frequent symptoms associated with the disease. In a group of 34 patients they revealed the advanced stage of the disease in 75%. In all instances they confirmed on histological examination a squamous-cell carcinoma in different stages of differentiation. The authors describe the tactics of surgical treatment and its results.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metody MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tonzilární nádory radioterapie   chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

CO2 laser surgery is becoming a part of larynx surgery. The authors inform about their experience in benign larynx tumours treatment. They present analysis of concrete therapeutic procedures in individual larynx affections. They conclude that laser surgery is an advantegous method for benign larynx tumours treatment.

• MeSH
• laserová terapie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hrtanu chirurgie   MeSH
• nemoci laryngu chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• larynx diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítačová rentgenová tomografie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH