This study investigates the factors contributing to bicycle accidents, focusing on four types of bicycle lanes and other exposure and built environment characteristics of census blocks. Using Seoul as a case study, three years of bicycle accident spot data from 2018 to 2020 was collected, resulting in 1,330 bicycle accident spots and a total of 2,072 accidents. The geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) model was used as a methodological approach to investigate the spatially varying relationships between the accident frequency and explanatory variables across the space, as opposed to the Poisson regression model. The results indicated that the GWPR model outperforms the global Poisson regression model in capturing unobserved spatial heterogeneity. For example, the value of deviance that determines the goodness of fit for a model was 0.244 for the Poisson regression model and 0.500 for the far better-fitting GWPR model. Further findings revealed that the factors affecting bicycle accidents have varying impacts depending on the location and distribution of accidents. For example, despite the presence of bicycle lanes, some census blocks, particularly in the northeast part of the city, still pose a risk for bicycle accidents. These findings can provide valuable insights for urban planners and policymakers in developing bicycle safety measures and regulations.

• Klíčová slova
• Bicycle accident, Bicycle lane types, Geographically weighted regression, Seoul,
• MeSH
• bezpečnost statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• cyklistika * zranění   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dopravní nehody * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Poissonovo rozdělení MeSH
• prostorová regrese MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• vytvořené prostředí statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• životní prostředí - projekt * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Soul epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: To more accurately quantify the potential impact of the neighbourhood environment on adults' physical activity (PA), it is important to compare environment-PA associations between periods of the day or week when adults are more versus less likely to be in their neighbourhood and utilise its PA resources. We examined whether, among adults from 10 countries, associations between objectively-assessed neighbourhood environment attributes and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) varied by time of the day and day of the week. The secondary aim was to examine whether such associations varied by employment status, gender and city. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 6,712 adults from 14 cities across 10 countries with ≥1 day of valid accelerometer-assessed MVPA and complete information on socio-demographic and objectively-assessed environmental characteristics within 0.5 and 1 km street-network buffers around the home. Accelerometer measures (MVPA min/h) were created for six time periods from early morning until late evening/night, for weekdays and weekend days separately. Associations were estimated using generalized additive mixed models. RESULTS: Time of the day, day of week, gender and employment status were significant moderators of environment-MVPA associations. Land use mix was positively associated with MVPA in women who were employed and in men irrespective of their employment status. The positive associations between MVPA and net residential density, intersection density and land use mix were stronger in the mornings of weekdays and the afternoon/evening periods of both weekdays and weekend days. Associations between number of parks and MVPA were stronger in the mornings and afternoon/evenings irrespective of day of the week. Public transport density showed consistent positive associations with MVPA during weekends, while stronger effects on weekdays were observed in the morning and early evenings. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that space and time constraints in adults' daily activities are important factors that determine the impact of neighbourhood attributes on PA. Consideration of time-specific associations is important to better characterise the magnitude of the effects of the neighbourhood environment on PA. Future research will need to examine the contribution of built environment characteristics of areas surrounding other types of daily life centres (e.g., workplaces) to explaining adults' PA at specific times of the day.

• Klíčová slova
• Accelerometry, Built environment, Exercise, Geographic Information Systems, International health,
• MeSH
• akcelerometrie statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• čas MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• periodicita * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• velkoměsta statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zaměstnanost statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• životní prostředí - projekt statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• velkoměsta statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH

This study examined the strength and shape of associations between perceived environmental attributes and adults' recreational walking, using data collected from 13,745 adult participants in 12 countries. Perceived residential density, land use mix, street connectivity, aesthetics, safety from crime, and proximity to parks were linearly associated with recreational walking, while curvilinear associations were found for residential density, land use mix, and aesthetics. The observed associations were consistent across countries, except for aesthetics. Using data collected from environmentally diverse countries, this study confirmed findings from prior single-country studies. Present findings suggest that similar environmental attributes are associated with recreational walking internationally.

• Klíčová slova
• Built environment, Exercise, Leisure, Physical activity, Urban design,
• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• chůze psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• estetika MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• městské obyvatelstvo MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• percepce MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• rekreace MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• společenská třída MeSH
• srovnání kultur MeSH
• životní prostředí - projekt statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Austrálie MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Hongkong MeSH
• Jižní Amerika MeSH
• Mexiko MeSH
• Nový Zéland MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

This article evaluates, by means of multivariate regression, critical factors influencing the collisions of motor vehicles with adult (over 17 years) cyclists that result in fatal injury of cyclists. The analysis is based on the database of the Traffic Police of Czech Republic from the time period 1995-2007. The results suggest that the most consequential categories of factors under study are: inappropriate driving speed of automobile; the head-on crash; and night-time traffic in places without streetlights. The cyclists' faults are of most serious consequence on crossroads when cyclists deny the right of way. Males are more likely to suffer a fatal injury due to a collision with a car than females. The most vulnerable age group are cyclists above 65 years. A fatal injury of a cyclist is more often driver's fault than cyclist's (598 vs. 370). In order to reduce the fatal risk, it is recommended to separate the road traffic of motor vehicles from bicyclists in critical road-sections; or, at least, to reduce speed limits there.

• MeSH
• automobily zákonodárství a právo   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• bezpečnost zákonodárství a právo   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• cyklistika zranění   MeSH
• dopravní nehody zákonodárství a právo   mortalita   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• právní odpovědnost MeSH
• příčina smrti MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sportovní úrazy mortalita   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• životní prostředí - projekt statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zrychlení škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH