BACKGROUND: Data about the genotype-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in the Czech Republic is limited. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and concordance of genotype-specific HPV infection detected in semen samples, penile swabs and cervical swabs from non-vaccinated heterosexual couples without HPV-associated disease. METHODS: Semen samples and penile swabs were collected from male partners and cervical swabs were collected from female partners of heterosexual couples treated for infertility (n = 195). Presence of HPV DNA in semen samples and cervical swabs was analyzed using the cobas® HPV Test and PapilloCheck®. Only the PapilloCheck® test was used to detect HPV in penile swabs. The genotype-specific prevalence and concordance of HPV infection not targeted by vaccine were evaluated using Fisher exact test. RESULTS: Both partners were infected with any HPV type in 13.8% (27/195) of couples and, of these couples, 55.6% (15/27) harbored at least one mutual genotype. High-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes were detected in 12.3% (24/195) of semen samples, 31.3% (61/195) of penile swabs, and 19.5% (38/195) of cervical swabs (P < 0.001). The most prevalent hrHPV genotype were HPV53 (2.56%; 5/195) in semen samples, HPV16 (6.67%, 13/195) in penile swabs and HPV39 (3.59%, 7/195) in cervical swabs. Low-risk (lrHPV) genotypes were detected in 5.13% (10/195) of semen samples, 15.9% (31/195) of penile swabs, and 4.10% (8/195) of cervical swabs (P < 0.001). Male sexual partners of HPV-positive women were more likely to be infected with at least one of the same HPV types than female sexual partners of HPV-positive men (34.9% vs. 17.9%, P = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the detection of HPV infection differ by anatomic site and gender. Regardless the anatomic site, high prevalence of HPV genital infection was found in both Czech men and women.

• Keywords
• Cervical swab, Human papillomavirus, Penile swab, Semen,
• MeSH
• Alphapapillomavirus * genetics   MeSH
• Genotype MeSH
• Heterosexuality MeSH
• Papillomavirus Infections * epidemiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Prevalence MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic epidemiology   MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women treated for infertility and oocyte donors, and to investigate the possible influence of HPV infection on reproductive outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: In this observational laboratory-based study, cervical swabs were collected from oocyte donors (n = 207), and women treated for infertility (n = 945) and analysed for the presence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes using the cobas® 4800 HPV Test and PapilloCheck® HPV-Screening. Associations between hrHPV positive status and fertility outcome or socio-behavioral and health characteristics were evaluated using R statistical software. RESULTS: HrHPV prevalence was significantly higher in oocyte donors than in women treated for infertility (28.0% vs. 16.1%, P < 0.001). Women who became pregnant spontaneously (19.6%) and women not treated with in vitro fertilization (IVF, 18.1%) were more frequently hrHPV positive than women treated with IVF (12.7%, P = 0.077). Despite the high prevalence of hrHPV in both oocyte donors and infertile women, no associations between hrHPV positive status and pregnancy or abortion rates were found in IVF treated women or in oocyte recipients. Moreover, no associations between hrHPV positive status and abortion rates were found in spontaneously pregnant women. CONCLUSION: Despite the high prevalence of hrHPV in both oocyte donors and infertile women, HPV infection did not influence the outcomes of assisted reproductive technology.

• Keywords
• Human papillomavirus, In vitro fertilization, Infertility, Oocyte donor, Pregnancy,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)types has been recognized as a causal factor for the development of cervical cancer and a number of other malignancies. Today, vaccines against HPV, highly effective in the prevention of persistent infection and precancerous lesions, are available for the routine clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: The data on the prevalence and type-specific HPV distribution in the population of each country are crucial for the surveillance of HPV type-specific prevalence at the onset of vaccination against HPV. METHODS: Women attending a preventive gynecological examination who had no history of abnormal cytological finding and/or surgery for cervical lesions were enrolled. All samples were tested for the presence of HPV by High-Risk Hybrid Capture 2 (HR HC2) and by a modified PCR-reverse line blot assay with broad spectrum primers (BS-RLB). RESULTS: Cervical smears of 1393 women were analyzed. In 6.5% of women, atypical cytological findings were detected. Altogether, 28.3% (394/1393) of women were positive for any HPV type by BS-RLB, 18.2% (254/1393) by HR HC2, and 22.3% (310/1393) by BS-RLB for HR HPV types. In women with atypical findings the prevalence for HR and any HPV types were significantly higher than in women with normal cytological findings. Overall, 36 different HPV types were detected, with HPV 16 being the most prevalent (4.8%). HPV positivity decreased with age; the highest prevalence was 31.5% in the age group 21-25 years. CONCLUSIONS: Our study subjects represent the real screening population. HPV prevalence in this population in the Czech Republic is higher than in other countries of Eastern Europe. Also the spectrum of the most prevalent HPV types differs from those reported by others but HPV 16 is, concordantly, the most prevalent type. Country-specific HPV type-specific prevalences provide baseline information which will enable to measure the impact of HPV vaccination in the future.

• MeSH
• Alphapapillomavirus genetics   physiology   MeSH
• DNA, Viral analysis   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Species Specificity MeSH
• Epidemiological Monitoring MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis   epidemiology   prevention & control   virology   MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Vaccination MeSH
• Age Distribution MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic epidemiology   MeSH
• Names of Substances
• DNA, Viral MeSH

BACKGROUND: The HPV prevalence and genotype distribution are important for the estimation of the impact of HPV-based cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination on the incidence of diseases etiologically linked to HPVs. The HPV genotype distribution varies across different geographical regions. Therefore, we investigated the type-specific HPV prevalence in Czech women and men with anogenital diseases. METHODS: We analyzed 157 squamous cell carcinoma samples, 695 precancerous lesion samples and 64 cervical, vulvar and anal condylomata acuminate samples. HPV detection and typing were performed by PCR with GP5+/6+ primers, reverse line blot assay and sequencing. RESULTS: Thirty different HPV genotypes were detected in our study, HPV 16 being the most prevalent type both in precancerous lesions (45%) and squamous cell carcinomas (59%). In benign lesions, HPV 6 (72%) was the most common type. Altogether, 61% of carcinoma samples and 43% of precancerous lesion samples contained HPV 16 and/or 18. The presence of HPV types related to the vaccinal ones (HPV 31, 45, 33, 52, 58) were detected in 16% of carcinoma samples and 18% of precancerous lesion samples. HPV 16 and/or 18 were present in 76% of cervical cancer samples, 33% of CIN1, 43% CIN2 and 71% of CIN3 samples. HPV types 6 and/or 11 were detected in 84% samples of condylomata acuminate samples. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of vaccinal and related HPV types in patients with HPV-associated diseases in the Czech Republic is very high. We may assume that the implementation of routine vaccination against HPV would greatly reduce the burden of HPV-associated diseases in the Czech Republic.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Dysplasia epidemiology   virology   MeSH
• Genotype MeSH
• Papillomavirus Infections epidemiology   virology   MeSH
• Condylomata Acuminata epidemiology   virology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Anus Neoplasms epidemiology   virology   MeSH
• Vulvar Neoplasms epidemiology   virology   MeSH
• Papillomaviridae genetics   MeSH
• Precancerous Conditions epidemiology   virology   MeSH
• Prevalence MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Carcinoma, Squamous Cell epidemiology   virology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic epidemiology   MeSH

Vaccines against human papillomavirus (HPV), the primary causative agent in cervical cancer, are licensed. This paper contains the Central European Vaccination Advisory Group (CEVAG) guidance statement on the introduction of HPV vaccines in central Europe. Eight countries currently have medical representatives on CEVAG: the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Turkey. By raising awareness and disseminating information, CEVAG aims to promote the efficient and safe use of vaccines to prevent, control and if possible eliminate infectious diseases. In January 2008, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control published a report entitled Guidance for the Introduction of HPV Vaccines in EU Countries. Members of CEVAG have taken the information relevant to their countries from this report and, with consideration of local issues, produced these guidance recommendations for the introduction of HPV vaccines in the CEVAG region, which may be adapted for use in individual countries.

• MeSH
• Cost-Benefit Analysis MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Papillomavirus Infections economics   epidemiology   virology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms economics   epidemiology   virology   MeSH
• Advisory Committees * MeSH
• Vaccination * economics   MeSH
• Papillomavirus Vaccines administration & dosage   economics   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Practice Guideline MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe epidemiology   MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Papillomavirus Vaccines MeSH

The principal aims of this study were to test whether persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is predictive of recurrent disease in women after surgical treatment for cervical lesions, to distinguish between persistent and newly acquired HPV infection, and to observe the effect of surgical treatment on levels of HPV-specific antibodies. A group of 198 patients surgically treated for low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and 35 age-matched controls were monitored for 18 months at 6-month intervals. The presence of HPV DNA in cervical smears was detected by means of consensus polymerase chain reaction, and serum levels of HPV-specific antibodies to HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 were measured. In ten patients positive for HPV type 16 in consecutive samples, the HPV 16 variants were identified using a polymerase chain reaction specific for the long control region. Data regarding demographics, risk factors for cervical cancer, and risks related to HPV exposure were collected through a patient questionnaire. Subjects persistently positive for HPV DNA were more likely to present with cytological and/or colposcopical abnormalities. A higher reactivity to HPV-specific antibodies was observed in these women at the 18-month follow-up visit. All ten patients with HPV 16 infection detected in consecutive samples showed persistence of either the same prototype or the same variant during the follow-up period. Risky sexual behavior and smoking were more common in patients than in controls. Persistent HPV infection as demonstrated by both HPV DNA detection and antibody detection appears to be a risk factor for the recurrence of pathological findings in women after surgery. An individually based approach to surgical treatment is an important factor in the outcome of disease at follow-up.

• MeSH
• DNA, Viral analysis   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Tumor Virus Infections MeSH
• Papillomavirus Infections epidemiology   immunology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Human papillomavirus 16 genetics   immunology   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Longitudinal Studies MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms surgery   virology   MeSH
• Follow-Up Studies MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Diseases surgery   virology   MeSH
• Papillomaviridae genetics   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Prevalence MeSH
• Antibodies, Viral MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• DNA, Viral MeSH
• Antibodies, Viral MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The principal aim of the study was to verify whether HPV infection in healthy women, as determined by HPV DNA detection, was associated with an increased risk of development of cervical lesions. METHODS: Cervical smears collected at enrolment into the prospective study conducted in Prague during 1975-83 were tested for the presence of HPV DNA by means of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the general GP5/6 primers and a mixture of primers specific for the E6 gene. 120 smears from patients in whom cervical neoplasia had been detected in the course of the prospective study and 208 smears from control women who had remained healthy throughout the observation period were analysed. Patients and controls were matched by age, number of sexual partners, age at first intercourse, and smoking habit. Patients were divided into three groups, A, B, and C, according to their cytological, colposcopic, and histological findings at enrolment. Group A consisted of 67 women found ill at enrolment, group B of 26 women with slightly suspicious findings, while group C comprised 27 women with normal findings at enrolment. In addition, sera taken at enrolment from these patients and controls were tested for the presence of antibodies reactive with virus-like particles (VLPs) of HPV 16, 18, and 33. RESULTS: For the whole cohort, there was a statistically highly significant difference in the presence of HPV DNA between patients and controls. Furthermore, the difference in the presence of HPV DNA between patients and controls was highly significant not only in those who had been found ill at enrolment (group A) but, most importantly, also in women who had developed the disease in the course of the follow up (groups B and C). Women positive for HPV DNA possessed HPV antibodies to VLP16, 18 and 33 significantly more often than those who were free of HPV DNA. CONCLUSION: This indicated that healthy women who were positive for HPV DNA at enrolment were at an increased risk of developing cervical neoplasia (OR = 18.5; CI 5.9 to 57.6).

• MeSH
• Cervix Uteri virology   MeSH
• DNA, Viral isolation & purification   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Dysplasia virology   MeSH
• Epidemiologic Methods MeSH
• Papillomavirus Infections diagnosis   genetics   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Uterine Cervical Neoplasms virology   MeSH
• Papillomaviridae genetics   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Polymerase Chain Reaction methods   MeSH
• Vaginal Smears MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• DNA, Viral MeSH